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Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa präglas ofta av samsjuklighet och/eller komplexa behov som försvårar bedömningar. Suicid är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem och hälso- och sjukvården skall arbeta med suicidprevention för att undvika vårdskador av såväl given som utebliven vård och omvårdnad. Tusentals personer utför självmordsförsök varje år och det är vanligare att dö i fullbordat suicid än i trafikolycka i Sverige. Sjuksköterskor träffar prehospitalt frekvent suicidnära patienter. Suicidriskbedömning är komplext och dess kvalité beror på kompetens och erfarenhet. Bristfällig suicidriskbedömning kan leda till undvikbara vårdskador för patienter. Syfte: Att undersöka och beskriva upplevelser och erfarenheter av suicidriskbedömning prehospitalt. Metod: Mixad metod av kvantitativ och kvalitativ design bestående av enkät och semistrukturerade intervjuer med sjuksköterskor i ambulanssjukvården. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor upplevde stress, oro och fysiska symtom som ont i magen och tungt i bröstet på väg fram till suicidnära patienter liksom känsla av osäkerhet och otillräcklighet gällande bedömning och bemötande. Sjuksköterskor upplevde skyldighet att förebygga suicid och de flesta hade både identifierat suicidnära patienter liksom utfört suicidriskbedömning prehospitalt utan att ha fått utbildning i det. Diskussion: Resultatet överensstämde med tidigare forskning gällande negativa upplevelser av att möta suicidnära patienter. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor mötte frekvent suicidnära patienter och utförde suicidriskbedömningar samtidigt som de hade negativa känslor inför mötet med suicidnära patienter och upplevde sig ha varierande såväl reell som formell kompetens för suicidriskbedömning. / Background: Mental illness often characterizes by comorbidity and / or complex needs that complicate assessments. Suicide is a global public health problem and health services must work with suicide prevention to avoid injuries from poor assessment. Thousands of people commit suicide attempts every year and it is more common to die in suicide than in a traffic accident in Sweden. Nurses frequently see suicidal patients outside of hospital. Suicide risk assessment is complex, and its quality depends on competence and experience. Poor suicide assessment could lead to avoidable injuries in patients. Aim: To investigate and describe experiences of suicide risk assessment in emergency setting outside of hospital. Method: Mixed method consisting of quantitative and qualitative design with questionnaire and semi structured interviews with nurses. Results: Nurses experience stress, anxiety, and physical symptoms such as pain in the stomach and heavy feeling in the chest on the way to suicidal patients as well as feelings of insecurity and inadequacy regarding assessment and treatment. Nurses feel an obligation to prevent suicide, and most have both identified suicidal patients as well as performed a suicide risk assessment prehospital without having received training in it. Discussion: The results was consisted with previous research about negative emotions when caring for and assessing the suicidal patient. Conclusion: Nurses frequently meet suicidal patients and perform suicide risk assessments. At the same time, they have negative feelings towards meeting suicidal patients and have a variety of both real and formal competence for the task of suicide risk assessment. / <p>Datum för godkännande: 2022-01-17</p>

A lot of today’s marketing have moved to social media-platforms, especially Facebook. But how do companies use this media to communicate to their customers? And what does the customers who follow the companies on Facebook feel about the content being published? The purpose of this study is to get a better understanding on what two large companies, H&amp;M and Spotify, publish on Facebook and to find out what their followers perception of the content is. The methods used are mixed methods, meaning a mix between qualitative and quantitative methods and a comparative analysis on the result from both methods. The qualitative methods are in the form of interviews with ten people, five that follows H&amp;M and five that follow Spotify on Facebook. A content analysis is performed on all the content published by H&amp;M and Spotify during a six month period, from 01-02-16 to 30-07-15. The study shows that both companies primarily used relationship marketing on their Facebook-pages by publishing mostly recommendations and information from either the music- or fashion market rather than their own products, and that these follower’s thought the content was diverse and relevant to them as a target audience. / Sociala medie-kanaler så som Facebook inkluderas allt mer inom dagens marknadsföring. Men hur använder företag detta medium för att kommunicera med sina kunder? Och vad tycker kunderna som följer företag på Facebook om innehållet? Syftet med denna studie är att få en större förståelse om vad två stora företag, H&amp;M och Spotify, publicerar på Facebook och ta reda på vad deras följares uppfattning är kring innehållet. De metoder vi har använt oss av är mixed methods, som innebär en blandning av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder och en jämförande analys av resultatet från de båda. Den kvalitativa metoden är i intervjuform med tio personer; fem som följer H&amp;M och fem som följer Spotify. En innehållsanalys gjordes på alla inlägg som H&amp;M och Spotify publicerade mellan 01-02-16 till 30-07-15. Resultatet av studien visade att de båda företagen främst arbetade med relationship marketing på deras Facebook-sidor genom att mest publicera rekommendationer och information om musik- och modebranschen, mer än deras egna produkter och tjänster. Intervjuerna visade att de undersökta följarna också fann detta innehåll varierat och relevant för dem som målgrupp

In der vorliegenden Dissertation werden die vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Planspielen in der beruflichen Bildung aufgezeigt. Zudem wird unter Berücksichtigung wissenschaftlicher und praktischer Anforderungen die Entwicklung eines Planspiels nach dem Design Science Research Ansatz vorgestellt. Um die Wirksamkeit von Planspielen sowohl kurzfristig als auch langfristig nachzuweisen, bedarf es empirischer Daten und differenzierter Aussagen, welche erfolgs- oder lernwirksame Faktoren in Planspielen implementiert sein müssen. Hierfür wurde ein Mixed Methods Untersuchungsdesign eingesetzt und durch Verwendung von Fragebögen, Storytelling- und Bild-Interviews untersucht, welche Einflussgrößen auf die Lerneffekte und die Akzeptanz von Planspielen wirken. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in Abhängigkeit des Untersuchungszeitraumes und der Untersuchungspersonen unterschiedliche Einflussgrößen auf die Lerneffekte und die Akzeptanz wirken. Im Rahmen der Dissertation ist somit ein evaluiertes produktionsnahes Planspiel entstanden, dass die Elemente und Prozesse eines soziotechnischen Systems simuliert und in der beruflichen Bildung für verschiedene Lernende anwendbar ist. Die Arbeit bietet überdies einen Beitrag zur Überprüfung von Kausal- und Wirkungszusammenhängen in Planspielen. So werden die eingesetzten Methoden für die Planspielevaluation erweitert und die bisherigen Untersuchungen in der Planspielforschung ergänzt.:1 Einleitung 2 Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik 3 Iterative Entwicklung des Artefakts Planspiel 4 Evaluation der Einflussgrößen des Planspiels 5 Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchungen 6 Diskussion 7 Schlussbetrachtung Anlage A Ergänzendes Material zur theoretischen Fundierung Anlage B Ergänzendes Material zur iterativen Entwicklung und Evaluation Anlage C Ergänzendes Material der quantitativen Untersuchung Anlage D Ergänzendes Material zu den Storytelling-Interviews Anlage E Ergänzendes Material zu den Bild-Interviews Anlage F Zusammenfassende Übersichten / In this dissertation various application possibilities of business games in vocational education are shown. In addition, the development of a business game according to the Design Science Research approach is presented, considering scientific and practical requirements. In order to prove the effectiveness of business games in short-term as well as in long-term, empirical data and differentiated statements are needed, which success- or learning-effective aspects have to be implemented in business games. For this purpose, a mixed methods research design was employed using questionnaires, storytelling and picture interviews to examine which influencing variables have an effect on the learning effects and acceptance of business games. The results show that different variables influence the learning effects and the acceptance of business games depending on the time period and the participants. Within the framework of the dissertation, an evaluated production-related business game has been developed that simulates the elements and processes of a socio-technical system and can be used in vocational training for different learners. Moreover, the work offers a contribution to the assessment of causal and cause-effect relationships in business games. Thus, the methods used for business game evaluation are extended and previous studies in business game research are complemented.:1 Einleitung 2 Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik 3 Iterative Entwicklung des Artefakts Planspiel 4 Evaluation der Einflussgrößen des Planspiels 5 Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchungen 6 Diskussion 7 Schlussbetrachtung Anlage A Ergänzendes Material zur theoretischen Fundierung Anlage B Ergänzendes Material zur iterativen Entwicklung und Evaluation Anlage C Ergänzendes Material der quantitativen Untersuchung Anlage D Ergänzendes Material zu den Storytelling-Interviews Anlage E Ergänzendes Material zu den Bild-Interviews Anlage F Zusammenfassende Übersichten

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of introducing animated computer instructional aid (ACIA) in the learning of fluid mechanics. It was also intended as a means to evaluate the Constructionist Computer-Animated Instructional Model of Learning (CCAIML), which was developed and proposed for learning fluid mechanics. CCAIML includes the use of ACIA as a learning aid. Three theories underpins CCAIML learning model: the Constructionist learning theory, Media-Affects-learning hypothesis and Multiple representation principle. The study participants were the intact classes of first-time fluid mechanics’ students in Mechanical Engineering in four South African universities, who offer Bachelor of Engineering degrees in Mechanical Engineering. The study followed a mixed method approach: involving a static group design and a descriptive survey design. The control groups were the two consecutive, immediately preceding intact groups, who were taught fluid mechanics through the traditional lecturing method. The intervention groups were the non-randomized mechanical engineering students, who were taught by the same lecturer, who taught the control groups the same course material through a traditional approach, but taught the intervention group using the CCAIML learning approach. The findings of the study showed that: - ACIA facilitated the learning of the fluid mechanics module taught during the intervention, in CCAIML learning environment; - ACIA aroused the study participants’ interest in the learning of fluid mechanics module taught during the intervention; - The study participants understood the fluid mechanics module taught during the intervention better, in CCAIML learning environment, and were able to demonstrate this in the post intervention examination; - CCAIML learning approach encouraged classroom interaction, group and individual knowledge construction, practical demonstration of understanding of concepts and consequently improved classroom dynamics; - The majority of the study participants achieved higher scores in the fluid module taught during the intervention at the post intervention examination, by using CCAIML learning approach compared to the traditional approach; - No relationship was established between the level of study participants’ interest in the software used to aid learning ACIA and the study participants’ post-intervention achievement; and - Where the language medium of the instructional aid was different to that of the classroom medium of instruction, the learners’ achievement was affected. / Mathematical Sciences / Ph.D. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)