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The policy is between different groups on how society should be organized. In some political issues there may be tensions between political parties, and this may depend on the parties’ position on the issue. As an example, the Swedish party Vänsterpartiet and Moderaterna has had tensions and more debates about Sweden’s membership in Nato. Based on this idea, this study will examine the underlying causes of the political parties’ different paths in the issue with a focus on whether the parties’ ideologies are the fundamental fact. This study is qualitative based on ideational analysis. The material collected is parliamentary motions from two elected parties, the so called Vänsterpartiet and Moderaterna. The result of the study indicates that the parties stance on the question of whether Sweden should become a member is in all probability influenced by the parties ideological foundations.

After Moderaterna’s election success in 2006 and 2010 together with the Alliansen coalition, the 2014 election was a defeat and Moderaterna lost government power. Post-election analyzes show that a large part of Moderaterna’s voters went instead to Sverigedemokraterna. One of the central election issues among Sverigedemokraterna’s voters is welfare and therefore this presents as an critical area of study: Moderaterna’s view of welfare, with specific focus on social insurance.The purpose of the thesis is to study whether there has been a change in Moderaterna’s ideological position during the period 1991 - 2020 and whether there has been any change in Moderaterna’s view of welfare during the same period. The material consists of party programs and budgets and using an idea analysis method. To analyze the ideologies, I will use ideal types and welfare will be examined using scale-based dimensions.From the analysis, it can be seen that there has been a temporary shift in ideological values towards a more neoliberal approach. However, in social insurance there has not been the same change and Moderaterna have maintained low compensation levels to protect the line of work which is completely in line with a neoliberal policy.

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This paper examines how crime is being problematized by politics and its consequences, as well as in what direction the political parties have evolved during the last 20 years. This study highlights the changing dynamics of crime discourse and the findings show that both the Social Democrats and the Moderate party frame crime as a security issue. The Social Democrats focus on addressing the underlying causes of crime through preventive measures and social interventions, emphasizing social justice and reducing inequalities. The Moderates prioritize law and order, emphasizing personal responsibility and the deterrent effect of punishment. However both parties have elements of both a tough and soft approach to crime. Additionally, the impact of stigmatization on certain groups, such as immigrants, in criminal policy discourse should be considered. This study can be useful for the public, politicians and decision-makers to understand different perspectives and strategies that can help shape a more effective and fair criminal policy. It can further contribute to providing an understanding of how theoretical perspectives can influence law enforcement strategies and policy formulation. Moreover, it can stimulate further research in the field to examine the effectiveness of different crime-fighting strategies and how they can be adapted to better meet the needs of society.

European integration has resulted in the emergence of political parties at the European transnational level. These parties are primarily consisting of members of the European parliament from various EU-member states. Thereby a substantial number of the MEPs today have two party memberships to adhere. This study aims to analyse the differences and similarities in the election manifestos of the Swedish party Moderaterna and the European People’s Party, examine the prevalence of the two concepts europeanization and eurocentrism between the two parties manifestos and investigate possible explanations stemming from the different concepts and the empirical study The europeanization of national political parties. Therefore said study consists of a comparative analysis of the manifestos in the categories energy, environment, integration and defense in order to highlight the differences and similarities. The result reveals that there are examples of both europeanization and eurocentrism in each manifesto in all categories. The results also made it clear that the two concepts and the empirical study could explain some of the differences and similarities pointed out between the two manifestos, but not all of them.

The purpose of this study is to examine the Swedish parliamentary debate on migration policy that has been shaped during the last three parliamentary elections. This study attempts to analyze how The Swedish Democrats and The Moderate Party frames and portrays migration as a problem. Using frame analysis, this study provides an overview of what frames are prevalent during the debate over the course of each period. Essentially, this paper explores how migration has been conceptualized, particularly how the problem has been defined, what the underlying causes are, what remedies are proposed and what moral values are extracted. As demonstrated in the result, there has been a change in the discourse over time as The Moderate Party have to a greater extent moved away from a responsibility framing to a framework that problematizes migration more like the way The Sweden Democrats portray migration.

This thesis studies the development of the Swedish criminal policy debate regarding how the Social Democrats and the Moderates, portray and propose to address gang criminality from a security perspective. Debate articles and election manifestos of 2018 and 2022 have been analyzed with the purpose of examining if there is evidence for an assumption that political parties in Sweden, other than the right-wing populist party Sweden Democrats, have come to adopt strategies to communicate with voters that are based on so-called securitization agendas. By doing this, the aim of this thesis is to deepen our understanding of whether the international trend of securitizing gang criminality has come to play also in a Swedish context. The analysis is based on the following research questions: 1) How do Social Democrats and Moderates portray gang crime following up to the elections of 2018 and 2022? 2) What securitizing statements can be identified in these representations? To answer these questions, Carol Bacchi’s analytical approach ”What’s the problem represented to be” was used in order to structure a qualitative content analysis. The theoretical foundation of the study is securitization theory, with the aim of identifying securitization efforts, more specifically regarding what or who are presented to be under threat of gang crime. Furthermore, policy suggestions by the respective party was analyzed as being either conventional or extraordinary – the latter indicating an effort to securitize this political issue.  The study finds that there has been a shift between 2018 and 2022 regarding how Social Democrats and Moderates portray gang crime as well as how they propose to address the problem. Following up to the election in 2022, both parties argued that safety, security and trust in the society are not only threatened but undermined. This causes the Moderates to present a preventive program that partly contains elements of extraordinary measures. Based on the analysis, we can establish that Social Democrats and Moderates portray the problem towards a more securitizing discourse in 2022, and, in that regard, also have come to adopt the Sweden Democrats parties attempt to securitize gang crime.

Hur ser Socialdemokraterna och Moderaternas partiprogram på personlig integritet i relation till brottslighet? Kriminalpolitiken är ett utav de mest debatterade politiska områdena idag och många gånger krockar politiska förslag med värnandet av den personliga integriteten. I denna idéanalys undersöks och jämförs Socialdemokraternas och Moderaternas partiprogram från 1990 till 2021, där syftet är att undersöka om det skett en normalisering av inskränkningar av den personliga integriteten för att komma åt brottsligheten. Undersökningen tar avstamp i Janne Flygheds teori, normalisering av det exceptionella, för att se om den process teorin beskriver går att återfinnas hos Socialdemokraterna och Moderaterna.

Since the rise of right-wing populism in Europe, liberal parties around Europe have been affected by rhetoric and voter support and started to adhere to their views and politics. This is not excluded in Sweden. When the conservative right party the Sweden Democrats entered the Swedish parliament year 2010, the established parties handled the situation in different ways. Some held true to their values, others tried to silence them and few took a step closer toward right-wing populism. This essay focuses on studying the Swedish moderate party’s party programs from years 2011, 2013 and 2021 to investigate if there has been a change from their liberal conservative political views, toward right-wing populistic views. By comparing the party program from these years, this essay hopes to provide insight in whether a change in political views has occurred within the Swedish moderate party. The study shows that a change in political views indeed has occurred toward a more right-wing populistic view in questions such as migration and law and order.