Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på om en kortare massage i hemmet kan bidra med stressreducering hos kärlekspar och om en instruktionsvideo för att lära ut massage kan vara en bra metod. En kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats har använts, även kallat mixed methods. Deltagarna var 18 personer, som alla ingick i kärleksrelationer. Inledningsvis fick de titta på en inspelad kort informationsvideo om massage för att sedan med stöd av en inspelad 20 minuter lång instruktionsvideo massera varandra på rygg och nacke. Före och efter att de gett och fått massage, skulle de också svara på en webbenkät. Resultaten från enkäten visade att stressnivån sjönk hos både de som gett (p=0,0463) och de som fått (p=0,001) massage. Av de som fått massage kände alla sig avslappnade efteråt och majoriteten (83,3%) kände sig lugna. De som gett massage kände sig även de mer lugna (77,8%) efteråt. Ingen av deltagarna uppgav att de kände sig stressade efter massagen. En instruktionsvideo visade sig, genom svaren från webbenkäten, vara en bra metod för att lära ut massage till kärlekspar. / The aim of this study was to find out if a shorter massage at home can contribute to stress reduction in love couples and if an instructional video for teaching massage can be a good method. A qualitative and quantitative approach has been used, also called mixed methods. The participants were 18 people, all of whom were involved in love relationships. Initially, the participants had to watch a recorded short information video about massage and then, with the support of a recorded 20-minute instructional video, massage each other on the back and neck. Before and after giving or receiving a massage, they also had to respond to an online survey. The results from the survey showed that the stress level decreased in both those who gave (p = 0.0463) and those who received (p = 0.001) massage. Of those who received massage, all felt relaxed afterwards and the majority (83.3%) felt calm. Those who gave massages also felt calmer (77.8%) afterwards. None of the participants stated that they felt stressed after the massage. An instructional video proved, through the answers from the web survey, to be a good method for teaching massage to love couples.

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Ausgehend von der Frage nach der Funktionsrelevanz des Konjunktivs als Anzeiger für 'Indirekte Rede' wird in einem zweiten Schritt das modale Funktionspotential von Indikativ, Konjunktiv I und II im Spannungsfeld von Sprachnorm, Sprachvariation und Sprachsystem diskutiert. Im Fokus stehen dabei die so genannte 'Berichtete Rede' und abhängige Verbletztsätze. Die anschließende empirische Untersuchung erhebt mittels speziell entwickelter Lückensätze, inwieweit mit der Modusverwendung in beiden Strukturen textsortenstilistische Empfehlungen und textgrammatische Regeln befolgt werden. Eine zusätzliche Befragung zielt darauf ab, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Verwendung einer Modusform und dem Ausdruck einer Sprechereinstellung (Zustimmung, Neutralität, Skepsis und Ablehnung) zum Wahrheitsgehalt der wiedergegebenen Information feststellbar ist. Die statistische Auswertung ergibt einerseits, dass die Mehrheit sowohl der nichtmuttersprachlichen, als auch der muttersprachlichen Studierenden die wiedergegebene fremde Rede entweder gar nicht oder nicht konsequent als solche kenntlich macht und damit gegen die Wahrung geistigen Eigentums verstößt. Andererseits führt auch die Beobachtung eines häufig unsystematischen Modusformengebrauchs in beiden Probandengruppen nicht zum Nachweis, dass mit diesen grammatischen Mitteln mehrheitlich spezifische Sprechereinstellungen ausgedrückt würden.

The aim of our study was to investigate HVB-home staff's perceptions of the temporary asylum law's impact on unaccompanied minors’ motivation for integration into Swedish society. On 24 November 2015, the government presented a temporary law to reduce the number of asylum seekers. The temporary law was intended to apply for three years and meant that Sweden went from having generous asylum legislation to following the EU's line for a minimum level for receiving asylum seekers. All asylum-seeking groups, such as refugees and people in need of protection, would receive temporary residence permits, except that there were exceptions for quota refugees who could obtain permanent residence permits. In the study, we used a qualitative method and conducted semi-structured interviews with five staff who had previously worked with unaccompanied children. Results from both interviews and previous research show that there are several factors that affect the mood of unaccompanied children and their integration into Swedish society. The study showed that previous psychological trauma, long waiting times for information about residence permits, loneliness and lack of meaningful activity had a negative impact on unaccompanied children's mood and motivation for integration.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction is found in heavy alcohol users. Negative urgency is a personality trait reflecting the tendency to act rashly in response to negative emotional states, and is associated with problematic alcohol consumption. The current study examined the relationship between negative urgency and HPA axis functioning following (1) negative mood induction and (2) intravenous alcohol administration among heavy social drinkers (proposed n = 40). I hypothesized the following: (1) Negative mood induction would result in an increase of cortisol release as compared to neutral mood induction; (1a) Negative urgency would be related to increased cortisol release in response to negative mood induction; (1b) Negative urgency would partially mediate the relationship between mood induction and cortisol release; (2) Acute IV alcohol administration would result in increased cortisol levels in the neutral mood condition, but decreased cortisol levels in the negative mood condition; and (2a) Negative urgency would be related to the suppression of cortisol release in the negative mood condition in response to acute IV alcohol administration. Repeated measures analyses of variance, the PROCESS macro, and paired samples t-tests were used to examine study hypotheses. Hypotheses were largely unsupported. Writing mood induction procedures reduced salivary cortisol levels in negative mood (t(35)= 2.49, p= 0.02) and there was a trend decrease in neutral mood (t(35)= 1.87, p= 0.07). Alcohol administration also reduced salivary cortisol levels in both negative mood (t(35)= 3.99, p< 0.01) and neutral mood (t(35)= 2.60, p= 0.01). However, salivary cortisol changes were no different than typical circadian patterns in response to mood induction (t(231)= 0.37, p=0.71) or in response to acute alcohol administration (t(231)= 0.44, p= 0.64). Negative urgency had a trend main effect on salivary cortisol level in response to acute IV alcohol administration, such that those higher in negative urgency were more similar to typical circadian patterns (F(19,28)= 1.59, p=0.13). This could serve as preliminary support for a psychological mechanism for the alcohol sensitivity hypothesis. Overall these findings suggest the current study failed to sufficiently manipulate salivary cortisol levels. Future studies should consider methodological techniques when exploring these relationships, including IV compared to oral alcohol administration, mood compared to stress manipulations, and cortisol compared to other HPA axis biomarkers.

Titrating training volume to optimize physical readiness and avoid training distress in swimmers is a difficult challenge for coaches. The purpose of this study was to examine alterations in mood state in collegiate swimmers throughout an entire season and determine if there were differences across time, between training groups, gender, and year in school. A swim test was also employed to determine if alterations in swim times were associated with mood disturbance. Mood state and the swim test times were measured every three weeks. The results showed significant alterations in total mood disturbance (TMD) across time; and between genders, year in school and training group. When training volume was the highest, TMD in the swimmers had the greatest perturbations. These time periods were also associated with small but significant increases in the swim test times. These results indicate that use of the Profile of Mood States Questionnaire and a physiological swim test may be useful for detecting training distress in swimmers. Swim coaches may benefit from employing either or both of these tools for designing and tailoring training sessions and tapering for optimal performance.

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ウコン利用の一形態であるウコン熱水エキスの抗炎症作用について検証することを目的として本研究を行った。内皮細胞もしくはマクロファージを使用した細胞試験を実施し、ウコン熱水エキスの抗炎症作用を実証した。また、その作用機序を一部明らかにし、その作用に寄与する成分を一部明らかにした。さらに、臨床試験を実施し、ウコン熱水エキスが健常者の気分状態に対する作用を評価し、その摂取が疲労を改善する可能性があることが示唆された。 / 博士(理学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

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Mood disorders are often linked with concurrent partner relational distress. The present study compared the cost effectiveness of treating mood disorder alone versus when the condition is comorbid with partner relational distress. Cigna, a leading health insurance management company in the US, provided outpatient data. Participants included patients with solely a mood disorder diagnosis (n = 72,712) and those with both a mood disorder and a comorbid partner relational distress diagnosis (n = 113, including 69 females and 44 males). These participants were treated in outpatient settings throughout the US. These numbers are surprisingly low considering the extensive literature showing a strong relationship between mood disorder and partner relational distress. A multivariate general linear model and binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that having a mood disorder present with a partner relational distress disorder significantly increased the average cost of care by about $471 per person compared to having solely a mood disorder. For mood disorders alone, there were also differences in cost effectiveness and readmission for mood disorders by professional license type, age, and gender with counselors being the most cost effective and medical doctors being the least (60% more costly). The treatment modality used impacted readmission rates, with family therapy having the lowest (8.54%) and mixed therapy having the highest (33.54%). Due to the small sample size, we were unable to determine the significance of subsequent analyses for comorbid disorders. Clinical implications and future directions for research will be discussed.