This thesis presents and discusses the implementation of a web application developed as a Master’s degree project at Linköping University. The application is a tool offering a multiperspective visualization of genealogy data, that can be used by genealogists in order to analyze his or her collected family tree data, but also to find what data that may be wrong. Data stored in a GEDCom file is being processed and stored in a database. By using D3.js, the data is then visualized in three different types of representations: an ancestor tree, a sunburst chart and a lifeline representation, all interacting with each other. The work concludes that by using different types of visualizations to present the same data, it is possible to create a genealogy application where new kind of insights about the data can be gained.

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Ausgehend von einer Analyse computergrafischer Visualisierungen wird in diesem Beitrag eine formale Beschreibung grundlegend gestalterischer Herausforderung bei der wahrnehmungskonformen Darstellung von räumlichen Szenen vorgenommen. Anschließend werden erste algorithmische Umsetzungen zur perspektivischen Optimierung vorgestellt. Anwendungsbezüge werden an Hand von Fallbeispielen verdeutlicht. Ingmar S. Franke und Martin Zavesky, Technische Universität Dresden anlässlich beyond rendering, 8. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geometrie und Grafik, Berlin -16. bis 18. Mai 2012

Les infrastructures critiques (CIs) sont essentielles au fonctionnement de la société moderne. Leur sécurité et leur fiabilité sont les principales préoccupations. La complexité des CIs exige des approches d'analyse de système capables de voir le problème de plusieurs points de vue. La présente thèse porte sur l'intégration de la perspective de contrôle dans l'analyse de sécurité et de fiabilité des éléments de configuration. L'intégration est d'abord abordée par examiner les propriétés de contrôle d'un microgrid d'alimentation électrique. Un schéma basé sur la simulation est développé pour l'analyse sous différentes perspectives : le service d'approvisionnement, la contrôlabilité et la topologie. Un cadre basé sur la commande prédictive (MPC) est proposé pour analyser le microrgrid dans divers scenarios de défaillance. Ensuite, un cadre multi-perspectif est développé pour analyser les CIs considérant le service d'approvisionnement, la contrôlabilité et la topologie. Ce cadre permet d'identifier le rôle des éléments de CIs et de quantifier les conséquences de scénarios de défaillances, par rapport aux différents perspectives considérées. Afin de présenter le cadre d'analyse, un réseau de transport de gaz réel à travers plusieurs pays de l'Union européenne est considéré comme une étude de cas. En fin, un cadre d'optimisation a trois objectifs est proposé pour la conception de CI : la topologie du réseau et l'allocation des capacités de liaison sont optimisées minimisant la demande non fournie et la complexité structurelle du système, et en même temps maximisant la contrôlabilité du système. Une investigation approfondie sur les multiples objectifs considérés est effectuée pour tirer des informations utiles pour la conception du système. Les résultats de cette thèse démontrent l'importance de développer du cadre d'analyse des CIs considérant de plusieurs perspectives pertinentes pour la conception, l'opération et la protection des CIs. / Critical infrastructures (CIs) provide essential goods and service for modern society. Their safety and reliability are primary concerns. The complexity of CIs calls for approaches of system analysis capable of viewing the problem from multiple perspectives. The focus of the present thesis is on the integration of the control perspective into the safety and reliability analysis of CIs. The integration is first approached by investigating the control properties of a small network system, i.e., an electric power microgrid. A simulation-based scheme is developed for the analysis from different perspectives: supply service, controllability and topology. An optimization-based model predictive control framework is proposed to analyze the microgrid under various failure scenarios. Then, a multi-perspective framework is developed to analyze CIs with respect to supply service, controllability and topology. This framework enables identifying the role of the CI elements and quantifying the consequences of scenarios of multiple failures, with respect to the different perspectives considered. To demonstrate the analysis framework, a benchmark network representative of a real gas transmission network across several countries of the European Union (EU) is considered as case study. At last, a multi-objective optimization framework is proposed for complex CIs design: design of network topology and allocation of link capacities are performed in an optimal way to minimize the non-supplied demand and the structural complexity of the system, while at the same time to maximize the system controllability. Investigation on the multiple objectives considered is performed to retrieve useful insights for system design. The findings of this thesis demonstrate the importance of developing frameworks of analysis of CIs that allow considering different perspectives relevant for CIs design, operation and protection.

<div>In conventional computer graphics and visualization, images are synthesized following the planar pinhole camera (PPC) model. The PPC approximates physical imaging devices such as cameras and the human eye, which sample the scene with linear rays that originate from a single viewpoint, i.e. the pinhole. In addition, the PPC takes a snapshot of the scene, sampling it at a single instant in time, or timepoint, for each image. Images synthesized with these single viewpoint and single timepoint constraints are familiar to the user, as they emulate images captured with cameras or perceived by the human visual system. However, visualization using the PPC model suffers from the limitation of occlusion, when a region of interest (ROI) is not visible due to obstruction by other data. The conventional solution to the occlusion problem is to rely on the user to change the view interactively to gain line of sight to the scene ROIs. This approach of sequential navigation has the shortcomings of (1) inefficiency, as navigation is wasted when circumventing an occluder does not reveal an ROI, (2) inefficacy, as a moving or a transient ROI can hide or disappear before the user reaches it, or as scene understanding requires visualizing multiple distant ROIs in parallel, and (3) user confusion, as back-and-forth navigation for systematic scene exploration can hinder spatio-temporal awareness.</div><div><br></div><div>In this thesis we propose a novel paradigm for handling occlusions in visualization based on generalizing an image to incorporate samples from multiple viewpoints and multiple timepoints. The image generalization is implemented at camera model level, by removing the same timepoint restriction, and by removing the linear ray restriction, allowing for curved rays that are routed around occluders to reach distant ROIs. The paradigm offers the opportunity to greatly increase the information bandwidth of images, which we have explored in the context of both desktop and head-mounted display visualization, as needed in virtual and augmented reality applications. The challenges of multi-viewpoint multi-timepoint visualization are (1) routing the non-linear rays to find all ROIs or to reach all known ROIs, (2) making the generalized image easy to parse by enforcing spatial and temporal continuity and non-redundancy, (3) rendering the generalized images quickly as required by interactive applications, and (4) developing algorithms and user interfaces for the intuitive navigation of the compound cameras with tens of degrees of freedom. We have addressed these challenges (1) by developing a multiperspective visualization framework based on a hierarchical camera model with PPC and non-PPC leafs, (2) by routing multiple inflection point rays with direction coherence, which enforces visualization continuity, and without intersection, which enforces non-redundancy, (3) by designing our hierarchical camera model to provide closed-form projection, which enables porting generalized image rendering to the traditional and highly-efficient projection followed by rasterization pipeline implemented by graphics hardware, and (4) by devising naturalistic user interfaces based on tracked head-mounted displays that allow deploying and retracting the additional perspectives intuitively and without simulator sickness.</div>

隨著個人電腦與網際網路科技的逐漸成熟，網路上每日都有巨量資料（Big Data）產生。近年來隨著社群網站的崛起，如何處理這些巨量的社群資料，並有效率地提供出有意義的社群資訊，將是這幾年社群網路領域研究的重點。每當內閣改組消息一出的時候，各政府部門單位的官職繼任官員，都會成為社會公眾關注的議題。本研究將使用中華民國政府官職資料庫，以社群網路分析與連結預測理論為基礎，並透過資料庫中所提供的資料，隨著不同評選時間點以及評選官職建置出網路。擷取網路的資訊，利用本文所提出的多面向模型（Multiperspective Model）產生多種觀點的分數。接著使用評選模型（Evaluation Model）將各個觀點的分數整合，進行某官員繼任某官職可能性計算，然後輸出官職繼任官員的評選清單（Evaluation List）。最後對輸出的評選清單分別對空降繼任狀況、各級上司對於繼任人選決定影響力、單一觀點與多觀點評選方式的評選結果、多觀點評選方式下重視的觀點，以及官職繼任成因五項分析進行探討。 / With the well development of personal PC and the Internet technology, there is a huge amount of data (Big Data) being generated on the Internet every day. Because of the debut and rise of social websites, how to deal with such a huge amount of community information as well as efficiently provide meaningful data to the public has been an explored main issue in the field of social network research in recent years. When the news about cabinet changing was released, the successor of various government departments will become the actively concerned topic for the public. This research applied a government position transaction database as the elements to build the network, which based on Social Network Analysis and Link Prediction theory with different evaluation position and evaluation time. Captured information in the network was used to generate the scores of multiple perspectives according to the Multiperspective Model. Then using the Evaluation Model, which can integrate each observed perspective, and calculate the probability of an official succeeds of a position. Finally the network could output the evaluation list of position successor. In the end, the outcome of the evaluation list was applied to analyze and discuss the following 5 research questions: The situation that the successor isn’t from the unit of successive position, the influence of all levels superiors on the succession decision, result of evaluative methods of a single view and multiple perspective, the important perspective of Multiperspective evaluation, and causal relationship of official successor.

Ausgehend von einer Analyse computergrafischer Visualisierungen wird in diesem Beitrag eine formale Beschreibung grundlegend gestalterischer Herausforderung bei der wahrnehmungskonformen Darstellung von räumlichen Szenen vorgenommen. Anschließend werden erste algorithmische Umsetzungen zur perspektivischen Optimierung vorgestellt. Anwendungsbezüge werden an Hand von Fallbeispielen verdeutlicht. Ingmar S. Franke und Martin Zavesky, Technische Universität Dresden anlässlich beyond rendering, 8. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geometrie und Grafik, Berlin -16. bis 18. Mai 2012

Abstract Coping at work and job retention have been on the list of priorities of European countries for some decades. Vocational rehabilitation is a key measure for preventing work disability, but its possibilities have remained unused in many respects. Moreover, rehabilitation tasks are defined differently depending on the perspective taken. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the possibilities that arise from defining work-related rehabilitation tasks in a way that combines different perspectives and interests. The research questions are: 1) What were the impacts on working career and psychosocial factors of an intervention for long-term unemployed people with disabilities? 2) What kind of processes and mechanisms promoted the working careers and other outcomes of the employed people during the interventions? 3) What forms of collaboration took place between the rehabilitees and different stakeholders, and to what extent did the rehabilitees have opportunities to choose and act during the process? The empirical data for the study were collected from two vocational rehabilitation research projects. The research design was a multiple case study from multiple perspectives combined with mixed methods. The materials were collected through surveys, individual and group interviews, documents, and register follow-up. We found the contextual mechanism through which the outcomes of the work-related rehabilitation emerged. The process was promoted or hindered by actions taken by all stakeholders. The promoting or hindering mechanisms were born through the actions taken by the supervisor in particular, the occupational health service and rehabilitation service provider, and the individual’s life situation factors. Similar factors promoted and hindered the re-employment and staying or returning to work outcomes. Enhancing the rehabilitees’ own agency is also important, regardless of how weak it is at the beginning. I also present a new way of assigning rehabilitation tasks, which structures the complexity of the field of work-related rehabilitation and helps manage it. Work-related rehabilitation is a combination of societal and individual actions. The results of this study will help all actors involved in rehabilitation to improve the outcomes of work-related rehabilitation by developing opportunities for the rehabilitees’ own agency and collaboration / Tiivistelmä Työurien jatkaminen on keskeinen eurooppalaisten yhteiskuntien selviämisen haaste. Kuntoutus on riittämättömästi hyödynnetty resurssi työurien pidentämiseksi. Lisäksi kuntoutuksen tehtävät määrittyvät eri näkökulmista eri tavalla. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tarkastella, miten työikäisten kuntoutuksen tehtävää voitaisiin määritellä eri toimijoiden intressejä ja päämääriä yhdistäen. Tutkimuskysymyksiä oli kolme: 1) Mitkä olivat monimuotoisen ammatillisen kuntoutuksen vaikutukset pitkäaikaistyöttömien työuraan ja muihin psykososiaalisiin tekijöihin? 2) Millaiset prosessit ja mekanismit edistivät työuria työllisten monimuotoisen ammatillisen kuntoutuksen interventiossa? 3) Minkälaisia yhteistyömuotoja työhön kytkeytyvässä kuntoutuksessa kuntoutujan ja eri toimijoiden välillä toteutui, ja missä määrin kuntoutujat pystyivät vaikuttamaan omiin valinta- ja toimintamahdollisuuksiinsa prosessin aikana? Aineisto koostui kahden ammatillisen kuntoutuksen kehittämishankkeen arviointitutkimusaineistoista. Tutkimusasetelma oli monitapaustutkimus, joka oli toteutettu moninäkökulmaisena mixed method –tutkimuksena. Aineistot oli koottu kyselyiden, yksilö- ja ryhmähaastatteluiden, dokumenttien ja rekisteriseurannan avulla. Aineistojen analyysejä oli tehty aineistokokonaisuuksittain analysoiden kvantitatiiviset ja kvalitatiiviset aineistot erikseen sekä yhdistämällä aineistoja tapaustutkimuksen keinoin. Tutkimuksessa löytyi mekanismi, jonka kautta kuntoutuksen tulokset syntyivät tai jäivät syntymättä. Edistävät ja estävät mekanismit liittyivät erityisesti esimiehen, työterveyshuollon ja kuntoutuksen palvelutuottajan toimintaan ja kuntoutujan elämäntilanteeseen. Samanlaiset tekijät edistivät ja estivät työttömillä ja työllisillä kuntoutumista. Lisäksi työhön kytkeytyvässä kuntoutuksessa kuntoutujan oman toimijuuden tukeminen on tärkeää, vaikka se alkuvaiheessa olisi vähäinen. Tutkimuksessa kuvataan työikäisten kuntoutuksen tehtävät uuden mallin avulla. Tämä jäsentää ammatillisen kuntoutuksen kentän kompleksisuutta ja auttaa hallitsemaan sitä. Työhön kytkeytyvä kuntoutus muodostuu yhteiskuntaan ja yksilöön kohdistuvista toimista, joilla mahdollistetaan työelämään paluu ja osallistuminen. Tulosten avulla kuntoutuksen toteuttajat, tutkijat ja viranomaiset voivat parantaa kuntoutuksen työuravaikutuksia kehittämällä kuntoutujan osallistumismahdollisuuksia ja yhteistoimintaa.