Title: “I did not deserve that, nobody does” - A qualitative study about the effect of generational affiliation on abused women’s role exit.   Authors: Emelie Jonsson and Shirin Tousi. This study intends to gain understanding about the process of role exit for women who once lived in violent and abusive close relationships, and what the generation the women belong to may mean. The empirical data is based on women’s histories and experiences of living in and leaving violent relationships. The data has been collected through a qualitative method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 women, of which half took place with women aged 20-30 and half with women aged 50-60. To understand the empirical data three different theoretical perspectives have been chosen. The theories that have been chosen are Yvonne Hirdmans’ (2004) theory about gender structures, Helen Rose Ebaughs’ (1988) theory about the process of role exit and lastly Clary Krekula and Barbro Johansson’s (2017) generational perspective. Some of the theoretical concepts that have been used in order to gain understanding of the women’s experiences are gender relations, hierarchy, dichotomy, gender contract, role exit and generation.   The results of this, show that generational affiliation has a notable impact on women’s exit from violent close relationships. The first question is, In what way does generational affiliation affect women's initial thoughts of wanting to leave a violent relationship? The results show that women's generational belonging affected their first initial thoughts about leaving the violent relationship greatly. Women who belong to the younger generation are more individualistic in their way of thinking and acting, whilst women who belong to the older generation are guided and moulded by their close surroundings.  The second question in this study is, What significance does generational affiliation have on women’s actual exit from violent relationships? This study’s results show that the generation one belongs to is of great importance for a woman's actual exit from violent relationships, but the effect is expressed differently within the two different generations. The women from the older generation do not act on their own needs and wants but on the needs of their children and family. The women who belong to the younger generation are more individualists and choose to leave the violent relationships as a result of violent incidents that have harmed them personally.   The third question discussed in this study is, In what way has one’s generation affected the women after their exit from the violent relationships? The results show that the women from the younger generation have been able to move on after exit from the violent relationships, whilst the women from the older generation have gotten stuck in a hangover identity from their ex-role of being exposed to violence.

Bakgrund: Mäns våld mot kvinnor anses vara ett stort folkhälsoproblem världen över. Våldets uttryck mot kvinnor innefattar fysiskt, psykiskt och sexuellt våld. Våld i nära relationer innebär att kvinnor blir utsatta för våld av en närstående vilket orsakar smärta och lidande för de våldsutsatta kvinnorna. Sjuksköterskor har en viktig roll i mötet med de våldsutsatta kvinnorna när de söker vård för våldet som har inträffat. Ett gott bemötande som grundar sig i respekt förebygger lidande hos våldsutsatta kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva våldsutsatta kvinnors upplevelser av mötet med hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: Examensarbetet är en kvalitativ litteraturöversikt där resultatet bygger på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Fem teman identifierades i resultatet som besvarar examensarbetets syfte. Dessa var: Att känna sig misstrodd. Känsla av skuld, skam och oro i mötet. Att inte våga berätta. Uppleva bristande kunskaper hos vårdpersonal. Behov av god vårdrelation i mötet. Konklusion: Våldsutsatta kvinnors upplevelser av mötet med vården var skuld, skam och oro. De upplevde även en kunskapsbrist hos hälso- och sjukvården gällande ämnesområdet våld mot kvinnor. Våldsutsatta kvinnor uttryckte även en önskan om empati och lyhördhet från vårdpersonal. / Background: Men's violence against women is a major public health problem. The expression of violence against women includes physical, psychological and sexual violence. Intimate partner violence means that women are exposed to violence by a close relative, which causes pain and suffering for the abused women. Nurses have an important role in the meeting with women exposed to violence when they seek care for the violence that has occurred. Good treatment based on respect prevents suffering among abused women. Aim: The aim is to describe abused women's experiences of the meeting in healthcare. Method: The study is a qualitative literature review where the results are based on ten qualitative articles. Results: Five themes were identified in the results that answer the purpose of the study. These were: Feeling mistrusted. Feeling guilty, ashamed and anxious in the meeting. Not daring to tell. Experiencing lack of knowledge among healthcare professionals. Need for a good care relationship in the meeting. Conclusion: Abused women's experiences of the encounter with care were guilt, shame and anxiety. They also experienced a lack of knowledge in health care regarding the subject area violence against women. Women exposed to violence also expressed a desire for empathy from healthcare.

Syftet med studie var att analysera, beskriva och jämföra fyra kommuners handlingsplaner mot våld i nära relationer med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Utifrån genus och teorin om det ideala offret. Analysen av handlingsplanerna visade att våld i nära relationer beskrevs som ett komplext våld som inte går att hitta en ensam orsak till utan att det handlar om flera olika orsaker. I handlingsplanerna beskrivs vidare våld i nära relationer som ett våld som mestadels kvinnor utsätts för, detframkommer även att våldet sker i alla typer av relationer och samhällsklasser. Kvinnan beskrivs i handlingsplanerna som det svagare könet vilket stämmer in på vår genusteori av Harding och den symboliska processen. Det finns också en konstruktion av kvinnan som det ideala offret och en reproducering av normer och attityder som ger en stereotypisk föreställning om våld i nära relationer, i de kommunala handlingsplaner vi analyserade. / The purpose of the study was to analyse, describe and compare fourmunicipal action plans against intimate partner violence with the help of qualitative content analysis. Based on gender and the theory of the ideal victim. The analysis of the action plans showed that intimate partner violence was described as a complex act of violence and there is not only one ulterior cause, it is about several ulterior causes. In the action plans is the intimate partner violence described as a repeated act of violence to which most women are exposed to, but they also state that the violence occurs in all types of relationships and in all classes of society. The woman is described in the municipal action plans as the weaker sex, which is in line with our gender theory by Harding whit the symbolic process. There is a one-sided constructionof the woman as the ideal victim and a reproduction of norms and attitudes as a stereotypical conception of intimate partner violence, in themunicipal action plans we analysed.

Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka upplevelser hos socialarbetare inom socialtjänst och kvinnojour, vilka kommer i kontakt med barn som utsätts för våld i nära relationer, utifrån två teman; stödinsatser samt barnperspektivet. Fem socialarbetare som arbetar med barn som upplevt våld i nära relationer intervjuades. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån systemteori och handlingsutrymme. Resultatet visar att flera stödinsatser erbjuds till familjer där det förekommer våld, men enbart ett fåtal riktas mot barnet. Informanterna förmedlar vikten av samverkan samt olika aspekter av hur barnperspektivet tillämpas i arbetet. Resultatet visar även att informanterna upplever dilemman i arbetet, exempelvis kravet på föräldrarnas samtycke för att barnet ska få stödinsatser och gränslandet mellan frivillig och tvingande lagstiftning som utsätter barn för risk. Avslutningsvis redovisas informanternas upplevelser av brister och utvecklingsområden i arbetet med våldsutsatta barn. / The purpose of the thesis was to investigate experiences of social workers regarding children who has experienced domestic violence with focus on two themes; support and the child's perspective. Five professionals who work in the same municipality and are in contact with children who have experienced domestic violence have participated in qualitative interviews. The result of the interviews have been analyzed on the basis of systems theory and room for manoeuvre. The result shows that there are several support offered to families who experience violence, but only a few are directed to the child. The informants convey the importance of collaboration and various aspects of how the children's perspective is applied in work. The result also shows that the informants experience different dilemmas, such as the need for parental consent for the child to receive support and the borderland that exists between voluntary and mandatory legislation that puts children at risk of harm. Finally, the informants' experiences of deficiencies and developmental areas are reported in the work with children who have experienced domestic violence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study has been to investigate how different municipalities act in their work against honor-related violence and abuse to increase understanding on how to best counteract honor-related violence and abuse. Method: This is a case study with an inductive approach that revolves around how municipalities implement decisions taken by the government and how they handle problems associated with the process of implementation. Datacollection has been made through interviews with different respondents that work against honor-related violence and abuse. Material: All material used in this survey has been gathered from the governments ten year strategy against honor-related violence and abuse, documents from the different municipalities websites regarding their work against honor-related violence and abuse as well as interviews with personal from the municipalities. Conclusion: The survey has shown that for the municipalities to be able to counteract honor-related violence and abuse, and to do what is expected of them, a variety of efforts is needed. The survey has also shown that there is some degree of co-operation between municipalities and non-profit organizations, however it was not clear if some level of co-operation between the municipalities and other authorities existed. It was also unclear how implementation of government decisions was performed. It was also established that the municipalities created regulations and guidelines based on the national board of health and welfare and government decisions.

Bakgrund: Våld är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem. All form av våld mot kvinnor är ett brott mot de mänskliga rättigheterna och att stoppa våldet är av stor vikt. Förenta Nationerna och Världshälsoorganisationen har formulerat mål för att eliminera våld mot kvinnor. De misshandelsbrott mot kvinnor som anmäldes år 2020 begicks i huvudsak av någon i deras närhet. Sjuksköterskan möter våldsutsatta kvinnor vilket kan vara ett avgörande möte för kvinnans fortsatta hälsa. Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda våldsutsatta kvinnor. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes och sju artiklar med kvalitativ induktiv ansats granskades och analyserades.Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier: hindrande barriärer, känslomässig påverkan och förmågor som verktyg samt underkategorierna: bristande kunskap och erfarenhet, organisatoriska strukturer, emotionella reaktioner, strategier och hantering, lyhörd och lyssnande samt förståelse. I resultatet framkom vad sjuksköterskor behöver för att kunna förbättra hanteringen av sina egna känslor och på så sätt även bättre vårda kvinnor som blivit utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Konklusion: Behov av en ökad kunskap och handledning till sjuksköterskor som vårdar kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer. Det föreligger även ett behov av att utveckla rutiner inom vårdverksamheter i omhändertagande av våldsutsatta kvinnor. / Background: Violence is a global health issue. All forms of violence against womenare a violation of the human rights and ending violence is of great importance. UNand WHO have goals for eliminating the violence. Assault crimes against womenreported in 2020 was mainly committed by someone close to them. The nurse meetsabused women in their profession and for the woman this can be a crucial meeting.Aim: To shed light on nurses experience of caring for women who have been exposedto intimate partner violence. Method: A literature review was conducted and basedon seven qualitative articles. Result: The analysis resulted in three categories:barriers, emotional impact and abilities as tools. Subcategories was also presented.The result showed what nurses need to improve managing their own emotions andthus better care for the women exposed to intimate partner violence. Conclusion:There is a need for increased knowledge for nurses within the field. Guidance tostrengthen nurses strategies and routines need to be implemented so that nurses knowhow to cope with their emotions when it comes to the traumatic experience of caringfor women exposed to intimate partner violence.

The Child Security Act (CSA) became legislated as a measurement to protect children from the infliction of psychological harm caused by witnessing domestic violence. The law was introduced as recently as July 2021 and is still new to such a degree that no research has been done about the impact it has had on social workers. Therefore, this study aims to map out the effects the CSA has had on social worker’s conducts when dealing with cases involving children and youth that has witnessed domestic violence, as well as how the CSA has affected the social worker’s use of their professional discretion. To study the topic, this study poses two questions; “To which capacity does social workers use the CSA in their work with children and youth who has witnessed domestic violence?”, and “How can social worker’s professional conduct be problematized by an analysis of the correlation between social worker’s own estimates of the influences by the CSA and their own discretion?  The gathering of information was conducted using an online survey, and sent out to every local government in Sweden, as well as the local social services offices that publicized their email contact information, the survey was also publicized on a social media platform. The survey received 378 responses with at least one from every region of Sweden.   This paper uses Lipsky’s term of discretion as a theoretical framework to interpret the survey’s findings. This means that this paper looks at the findings from the viewpoint of the social worker’s ability to use their own judgement to determine the proper course of action when dealing with their cases. The survey answers were coded into six different variables, these variables covered information, discretion, work with the children, the legislation of the CSA in their work and organization, the social workers experiences of their own capacity to help children as well as their own judgement and assessments of cases involving children. The last variable covered how the social workers estimate they have time to do what is needed for their work with children  The survey results show that the CSA had an impact on the social workers work with children, how they asses their own professional discretion, their capacity to help children, their own judgement in cases involving children as well how much time they have for their work with children. The results also show that the social workers answer that they aren't familiar with the CSA or got enough information regarding the law. The results also show that social workers don’t often use the CSA in their work with children and youth but that they find the law important and necessary.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur personal på skyddat boende beskriver effekter som blir av att kortsiktigt skyddsplacera kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Studien baseras på personalens perspektiv på skyddsplaceringar genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomförts med anställda i verksamheter som bedriver skyddat boende för kvinnor i Sverige. Materialet bearbetades i en tematisk analys och analyserades utifrån tidigare forskning och de teoretiska perspektiven systemteori, ekologisk systemteori och kristeori. I avslutande kapitel förs en fördjupad diskussion kring de säkerhetsbedömningar som genomförs vid en skyddsplacering, att barnperspektivet behöver förstärkas och att kvinnors utsatthet inte är till salu.  Resultatet visade på att personalen upplever att kortsiktiga skyddsplaceringar förekommer och att antalet skyddsplaceringar generellt har minskat under de senaste åren. Det påverkar verksamheterna genom att personalen känner tidspress att hinna med arbetsprocessen att hjälpa de skyddsplacerade kvinnorna, samt att verksamheterna har fått ta till olika åtstramningsåtgärder för att klara sig ekonomiskt. Personalen tolkar att kvinnor vid kortsiktiga skyddsplaceringar uttrycker oro och rädsla för sin framtid. De visar särskild oro för sina barns säkerhet och är rädda att de (eller barnen) ska behöva träffa förövaren igen om de inte har någonstans att ta vägen. Personalen upplever att det är privata aktörer med låga dygnspriser som konkurrerar ut dem från marknaden och att det har medfört att även dem har behövt sänka sina dygnspriser. Resultatet visar vidare på att de riskbedömningar som socialtjänsten gör kring hotbilden mot kvinnan kan bedömas för lågt i förhållande till verkligheten och inte visar på förövarens fulla kapacitet. Kvinnor riskerar då att bli utan skyddsinsatser eller blir placerade hos aktörer som saknar kunskap om våldets karaktär, lämpliga skydd- och säkerhetsåtgärder och utan personal som kan tillgodose stöd- och behandlingsinsatser.

Våld i nära relationer är ett stort samhällsproblem som ständigt återkommer i debatter och att komma tillrätta med detta problem är ett av de politiska delmålen. I och med pandemin har vi även kunnat se en ökning i antalet anmärkningar och allt fler kvinnor riskerar att utsättas för våld på grund av de rådande restriktionerna. Studien syftar till att undersöka missbruksproblematiks påverkan på våld i nära relationer utifrån en kvalitativ ansats. Vidare undersöker den socialarbetares arbetsmetoder och tillvägagångssätt i arbetet med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Med hjälp av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialarbetare, tidigare forskning och teorier har vi kommit fram till ett resultat som visar hur missbruksproblematiken kan vara en bidragande faktor till våld i nära relation. Studien belyser den vanligaste typen av våld hos missbrukande förövare. Avslutningsvis förklarar studien vad missbruk kan användas till, exempelvis som kvarhållande faktorer, självmedicinering samt något att beskylla. Med kvarhållandefaktor menas att kvinnan hamnar i ett medmissbruk med sin partner och får något gemensamt som försvårar ett uppbrott ytterligare. Det kan även användas som självmedicinering i syfte att dämpa ångest, smärta och skam som kan vara en följd av våldet. I förövarens fall kan han skylla på missbruket och mena att missbruket är orsaken till att han utövar våld. / Violence in close relationships is a social problem that is constantly reoccuring in debates and is one of the political goals, the goal in this case is to eliminate violence in close relationships. During the pandemic we have seen an increase in the number of police reports and an increased risk for women to be exposed to violence due to the current restrictions. The study aims to investigate what impact drug- and alcohol abuse has on violence in close relattionships through a qualitative approach. Furthermore in investigates the workmethods and proceedings in social work with women exposed to intimate partner violence. With the help of four semi-structured interviews with social workers, earlier research, and theories, a summary of how drug abuse can be a contributing factor to violence in close relationships has been made. Furthermore the study explains what abuse can be used for, for example as a detaining factor, self-medication and something to put the blame on. The abuse becomes a detaining factor when the women has this in common with her partner which makes the breakup process even harder. Abuse can be used as self-medication against anixiety, pain and shame that could have been caused by the violence. The abuser could also blame their actions on the abuse that they have, for example alcohol and/or drugs abuse and are beacause of that aggressive towards their partner.

Studiens huvudsyfte var att undersöka vilka faktorer polisanställda upplevde som främjande respektive hindrande för en fungerande samverkan med socialtjänst, angående arbetet som berör våld i nära relationer. Syftet var även att försöka härleda dessa till organisatoriska och organisationskulturella förhållanden. Studien baserades på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex polisanställda från ett polisområde. Intervjumaterialet analyserades med tematisk analysmetod och studiens teoretiska ansats utgick från Danermarks samverkansteori. Resultatet visade på att det fanns en gemensam uppfattning om att den samverkan som fanns fungerade bra men kan utvecklas ytterligare. Påverkande faktorer som påtalades av samtliga var perspektivförståelse och kommunikation. Utöver dessa ansågs även lagstiftning, relation, organisationsvärderingar, resurser och olika förutsättningar utifrån skilda uppdrag ha en inverkan på samverkan. Faktorer såsom lagstiftning, resurser, samt olika förutsättningar beroende på uppdrag kunde härledas till organisatoriska förhållanden. Organisationsvärderingar och stereotypa förhållningssätt kunde istället härledas till organisationskulturella förhållanden. / The main purpose of this study was to investigate which factors police employees perceived as beneficial and hindering for a functioning cooperation with social services, regarding the work that concerns domestic violence. The purpose was also to try to trace these factors to organizational and organizational cultural conditions. The study was based on qualitative interviews with six police employees from one police district. The empirical data was analyzed using a thematic analysis method and the study’s theoretical approach was based on Danermark’s cooperation theory. The results showed that there was a common perception that the existing cooperation functioned well but could be further developed. Influencing factors that were pointed out by all the participants were the understanding of the other’s perspective and communication. In addition to these, legislation, relationships, organizational values, resources and different conditions based on different assignments were also considered to have an impact on the cooperation. Factors such as legislation, resources and different conditions depending on assignments could be traced to organizational conditions. Organizational values and stereotypical approaches could instead be traced to organizational cultural conditions.