A atenção qualificada ao parto tem sido um dos principais focos de ação da Iniciativa Maternidade Sem Risco (IMSR), no intuito de se obter gestações e partos mais seguros para as mulheres e os recém-nascidos e consequentemente diminuir as taxas de morbimortalidade materno-infantil. Este estudo buscou conhecer a assistência que as mulheres, atendidas nos serviços públicos de saúde do município de São Carlos/SP, recebem durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal, evidenciando as ações desenvolvidas pela equipe de enfermagem. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam na atenção ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal e identificar as ações desenvolvidas por estes na assistência ao pré-natal, trabalho de parto, parto e puerpério, correlacionando com as competências essenciais ao exercício básico da obstetrícia recomendadas pela Confederação Internacional das Parteiras (ICM). Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, com uma abordagem quantitativa, que utilizou para a coleta de dados a entrevista estruturada e a observação sistemática das ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de enfermagem na assistência ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal. A população estudada foi composta de 84 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo 37 da atenção básica que prestam assistência ao pré-natal e puerpério e 47 da maternidade, que prestam assistência ao parto. Foram observadas na atenção básica, 52 pré-consultas e 47 pós-consultas de pré-natal, 05 abertura de SISPRENATAL, 05 acolhimentos, 05 consulta de pré-natal e 02 consultas puerperais realizadas pelas enfermeiras. Na atenção ao parto foram observadas 22 avaliações obstétricas admissionais, 15 trabalhos de parto, 12 partos normais, 10 cesáreas, 18 recepções de recém-nascido e 18 assistências no alojamento conjunto. A estatística descritiva foi utilizada para descrever e sintetizar os dados. Resultados: Os profissionais são predominantemente do sexo feminino, média de 35,1 anos, casados (62,2%) e com filhos. A média de carga horária encontrada entre os profissionais de enfermagem que prestam assistência na atenção básica foi de 41,6 horas e de 53,9 horas na assistência ao parto, sendo que respectivamente 8,1% e 32% destes profissionais têm mais de um emprego. A média de salários dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem que atendem a mulher no o pré-natal e no parto correspondem respectivamente a 43,2% e 37,3% da remuneração média das enfermeiras. Quanto à qualificação profissional, todas as enfermeiras entrevistadas na atenção básica do município referiram ter cursado ou estar cursando pós-graduação lato sensu, sendo 57,14% em saúde da família, 21,43% em enfermagem obstétrica, 7,14% em saúde da família e enfermagem obstétrica, 7,14% em saúde da família e saúde mental e 7,14% em administração hospitalar. Na maternidade, as seis enfermeiras eram especialistas em obstétrica. O tempo de experiência profissional no atendimento às mulheres no ciclo gravídico-puerperal entre os profissionais da atenção básica variou de 1 mês a 20 anos e na maternidade de 1 mês a 25 anos. Os resultados revelam que todos os profissionais são qualificados para a atenção ao ciclo gravídicopuerperal. Quanto às habilidades essenciais em obstetrícia, preconizadas pela ICM, muitas foram realizadas de forma incompletas e outras deixaram de ser realizadas. Conclusões: Na atenção básica as ações desenvolvidas pelo profissional de enfermagem no cuidado à mulher no pré-natal foram predominantemente de suporte, apoio e complementação da assistência médica, sendo discreta a participação da enfermeira na consulta de pré-natal. Na maternidade as enfermeiras atendem na admissão, acompanham o trabalho de parto e realizam a maior parte dos partos normais. Embora ainda existam habilidades específicas a serem realizadas, demonstraram ações moduladas por princípios da humanização, bem como da atenção qualificada. O estudo aponta a necessidade da reorganização da assistência ao pré-natal, inserindo efetivamente o enfermeiro, bem como que a assistência ao parto busque cada vez mais uma assistência qualificada e humanizada, com reconhecimento e autonomia do enfermeiro. / The qualified attention on childbirth has been one of the main focus on the Making Pregnancy Safer Initiative (MPR) in order to obtain safer pregnancies and childbirth to women and the newborns and consequently reduce the rates of maternal and newborns mortality. This study sought to know the assistance that women have in São Carlos/SP city during the puerperal pregnancy cycle spotlighting the nursing team. Objectives: Describe the profile of nursing professionals who work in puerperal pregnancy cycle and identify the actions developed for them in prenatal assistance, labour, childbirth and post-natal period correlating with the essentials competences to the obstetric basic exercising obstetrics recommended by the International Conferation of Midwives (ICM). Metodology: This study is a exploratory descriptive with a quantitative approach which used to collect data structured interview and systematic observation of the actions taken by nursing professionals in assisting puerperal pregnancy cycle. The studied population was composed of 84 nursing professionals being 37 of basic attention that provide assistance to prenatal and post-natal period and 47 of maternity that provide assistance to childbirth. Were observed in basic attention, 52 pre consults and 47 post consults, 05 SISPRENATAL opening, 05 receptiveness, 05 prenatal consults anda 05 puerperal consults undertaken by the nurses. On attention to childbirth were observed 22 admisions, 15 labours, 12 normal births, 10 cesarean, 18 newborn receipts and 18 assistances in accommodation set. It used the descriptive statistics describe and summarise data. Results: Professionals are predominantly female average 31,5 years, married (62,2%) and with children. The average of hourly charge between nursing professionals who provide assistance in basic attention was 41.6 hours and 53.9 hours on birth assistance being respectively 8,1% and 32% of these professionals have more than a job.The average salary of nursing assistants and technicians that assist women on prenatal and birth correspond respectively to 43.2% and 37,3% of the average remuneration of nurses. As vocational qualification, all nurses interviewed in city basic attention mentioned have attended or being attending a post graduation lato sensu being 57,14% in family health, 21,43% in obstetrical nursing, 7,14% in family health and obstetrical nursing, one 7,14% in family health and mental health and just one 7,14% in hospital administration. At maternity all the six nurses were obstetrical experts. Professional experience in assistance to women on puerperal pregnancy cycle between basic attention professionals ranged from 1 month to 20 years and at maternity from 1 month to 25 years.The results reveal that that all professionals are skilled attention to puerperal pregnancy cycle. As regards the essential skills in obstetrics, advocated by the ICM, many were so incomplete and other not performed. Conclusions: On basic attention the actions developed by nursing professionals on women prenatal care were predominantly of support and medical assistance complementation being discreet nurse\'s participation in prenatal consult. Maternity nurses serve in the admission, accompany labour and perform most normal births. Although there are specific skills to be performed, demonstrated actions modulated by principles of humanization as well as qualified attention. The study revels the need for reorganization of prenatal assistance inserting effectively the nurse as well as assistance to childbirth look increasingly a qualified and humanized assistance with recognition and autonomy of the nurse.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-28T18:38:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 formacao_continuada.pdf: 730418 bytes, checksum: 6a7636bf82b84c4e50a7ab59795641eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-28T18:38:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 formacao_continuada.pdf: 730418 bytes, checksum: 6a7636bf82b84c4e50a7ab59795641eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A presente pesquisa se propôs a analisar as repercussões do curso de Formação Continuada desenvolvido pelo NUPE-UNISINOS na prática docente das professoras da Educação Infantil participantes do Grupo de Estudos de São Sebastião do Caí, no período de 2007 e 2008. O estudo caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, sendo que os principais instrumentos para levantamento de dados foram: análise de documentos, questionário (envolvendo todas as professoras do grupo de estudos), entrevistas individuais e semiestruturadas (com quatro professoras selecionadas neste grupo) e a observação. Os dados coletados foram analisados a partir de princípios da Análise de Conteúdos. O referencial teórico que iluminou as reflexões sobre a Formação Continuada de Professores e a Inovação foi fundamentalmente baseado em autores como: Freire (1996), Nóvoa (1995), Marcelo Garcia (1995,1999), Pérez Gómez (1995, 2001), Esteves (2010), Rios (2002, 2006), Cunha (1998, 2006, 2009), Cardoso (1997) e Carbonell (2002), sem detrimento de outras contribuições. A pesquisa possibilitou identificar a relevância desta proposta de formação continuada para as professoras participantes, na medida em que viabilizou um espaço de estudo e troca de conhecimentos que oportunizou às docentes, através do processo reflexivo, ressignificar saberes que resultaram em mudanças nas suas práticas docentes. O estudo também apontou que esse processo formativo contribuiu para a formação docente das participantes sendo que os saberes construídos ainda fazem sentido em suas práticas atuais que revelaram indicadores de inovação. / The objective of this research was to analyze the repercussion of the Continuing Development course given by NUPE UNISINOS for the teaching practice of the Nursery School teachers who attended the Studies Group in São Sebastião do Caí, during the years of 2007 and 2008. The researchs character was qualitative and the main employed methodologies used to data collection were: document analyzes, questionnaire (implicating all the teachers of the Studies Group) individual, semi-structured interviews (with four selected teachers of the Studies Group) and observation. The collected data wasanalyzed using the principles of the Content Analyze. The theoretical reference that enlightened the findings of this research was based on authors like: Freire (1996), Nóvoa (1995), Marcelo Garcia (1995, 1999), Pérez Gomez (1997), Esteves (2010). Rios (2002, 2006), Cunha (1998, 2006, 2009), Cardoso (1997) and Carbonell (2002), besides some others. The research found out the importance of the Continuing Development for the participating teachers, once it created a study and knowledge sharing space. This space allowed the teachers to think about their own practice and ascribe a new meaning for it. The research also learned that this process contributed to the teachers knowledge development once the built knowledge still makes sense for their practice, indicating innovation.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-03-29T14:18:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Leandro_da_Rosa_Borges.pdf: 1364851 bytes, checksum: 5befdd7cdd679cd1d4cbe7619f7062ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T18:41:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_Leandro_da_Rosa_Borges.pdf: 1364851 bytes, checksum: 5befdd7cdd679cd1d4cbe7619f7062ca (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24 / Sem bolsa / O estudo objetivou investigar o matriciamento em saúde mental e suas contribuições para o fortalecimento da Estratégia Saúde da Família na perspectiva da Teoria dos Vínculos Profissionais. Consiste em uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa que se fundamentou no referencial da Teoria dos Vínculos Profissionais. O local da pesquisa foi uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família da região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Os participantes do estudo foram dez profissionais, sendo estes: um médico, um enfermeiro, um psicólogo, um educador físico, um psiquiatra, três agentes comunitário de saúde, um acompanhante terapêutico, pertencentes a Estratégia Saúde da Família e matriciamento. Os dados foram coletados de agosto a dezembro de 2016. Foi utilizado como técnica de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação simples. A análise seguiu a proposta operativa de Minayo, emergindo as seguintes categorias: entendimento das equipes de matriciamento e Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre o apoio matricial em saúde mental, ações de matriciamento em saúde mental na Estratégia Saúde da Família, relações interpessoais no processo de trabalho entre Estratégia de Saúde da Família e matriciamento em saúde mental. Com os resultados foi constatado que o entendimento dos participantes sobre o matriciamento em saúde mental é próximo ao apresentado na literatura, pois trazem em seus relatos o trabalho em conjunto na discussão dos casos, na troca de conhecimento e no trabalho em rede. Entre as ações que envolvem o matriciamento, está presente o compartilhamento das ações, o diálogo entre os profissionais e a aproximação com a rede intersetorial. Em relação a tarefa no grupo de trabalho, os participantes referem o trabalho em conjunto, pautados no vínculo e na troca de conhecimento entre os profissionais, mas alguns sinalizaram a falta de atuação na prática por parte do matriciamento, sendo pouco resolutivo. Apontam também algumas lacunas no trabalho, dentre elas a atuação do matriciamento mais no discurso, ocasionando sentimento de pouca resolutividade e sobrecarga de trabalho à Estratégia Saúde da Família, evidenciando que a tarefa profissional do grupo não está clara. As relações interpessoais são estabelecidas pelo vínculo e a confiança entre os profissionais, facilitando o contato entre os mesmos, oportunizando o protagonismo da equipe, mas apontam pouca interação por parte de alguns profissionais, desencadeando um certo desconforto na equipe. As reuniões de matriciamento são mencionadas como momentos importantes de trocas e pactuações entre os profissionais, mas o descomprometimento de alguns quanto a participação nas reuniões é criticado por não ter continuidade nas discussões, tornando as relações interpessoais frágeis e superficiais. A Teoria dos Vínculos Profissionais aplica-se ao estudo do apoio matricial na Estratégia Saúde da Família, pois aborda conceitos que irão contribuir para o processo de trabalho, possibilitando para que os profissionais compreendam a tarefa do grupo, que são as ações terapêuticas conjuntas de saúde mental. / This work's objective was to investigate the matrix in mental health and its contributions to the strengthening of the Family Health Strategy within the Theory of Professional Links' perspective. It consists of a research with a qualitative approach that is substantiated within the Theory of Professional Links. The place where the research has taken place was a Family Health Strategy in the south region of Rio Grande do Sul. The participants of the study were ten professionals, being those: a doctor, a nurse, a psychologist, a physical educator, a psychiatrist, three public health agents, one therapeutic accompaniment; all belonging to the Family Health Strategy and matrix. The data were collected from August to December 2016. The data collection technique used was the semi-structured interview and simple observation. The analysis followed the operational concept of Minayo, emerging the following categories: the understanding of matrix teams and Family Health Strategy within the matrix support in mental health, matrix actions in mental health in the Family Health Strategy, interpersonal relations in the process of work between Family Health Strategy and matrix of mental health. With the results it was found that the understanding of the participants about the matrix in mental health is close to the one presented in the literature, because they bring in their statements the collaborative working in the discussion of the cases, exchange of knowledge and in the team work. Among the actions that involve matrix, there are the exchange of actions, the dialog between professionals and the approximation of the intersectional web. When it comes to tasks in the work group, the participants refer to the collaborative work, based on the links and the exchange of knowledge between the professionals, but some of them signalized the lack of performance in practice on the part of matrix, being little resolving. They also point out some thinks that lack in the work, between them the performance of matrix in the discourse, bringing the feeling of little resolvability and overload of work to the Family Health Strategy, demonstrating that the professional task of the group is not clear. The interpersonal relationship are established by the links and trust between the professionals, facilitating the contact between them, giving the opportunity of protagonism from the team, but point out little interaction on the part of some professionals, engaging a certain discomfort in the team. The matrix meetings are mentioned as important moments of exchange and agreement between the professionals, but the disengagement of some of them when it comes to participate in the meetings is criticized because there is no continuity in the discussions, turning the interpersonal relations fragile and superficial. The Theory of Professional Links is applied in the study of Matrix Support in the Family Health Strategy because it deals with concepts that will contribute to the working process, making it possible for the professionals to comprehend the group task, which are the jointly therapeutical actions of mental health.

De nombreuses espèces de poissons marins côtiers à forte valeur économique ont un cycle de vie complexe impliquant des migrations saisonnières entre l'environnement marin et les habitats côtiers. Une meilleure compréhension de leur cycle de vie, en particulier l'identification de leurs nourriceries clés, est vitale pour la gestion durable des stocks de poissons exploités. Cette étude évalue la fonction de nourricerie des lagunes côtières du Golfe du Lion (Méditerranée NO) pour la daurade royale, Sparus aurata, une espèce d'intérêt commercial, dont les juvéniles colonisent ces habitats chaque année pendant leur premier été de vie. La qualité en tant que nourriceries de quatre lagunes aux conditions environnementales contrastées a été estimée par des mesures de la condition (indices de Fulton et TAG:ST) et du taux de croissance (par otolithométrie) des juvéniles. Les résultats montrent une condition et une croissance des juvéniles plus importantes dans les deux lagunes les plus dessalées et peu profondes (Bages-Sigean et Mauguio) que dans les deux lagunes profondes aux salinités proches de celle de la mer (Salses-Leucate et Thau). Les différences spatiales, stables dans le temps, de signatures élémentaires des otolithes ont permis de valider ces dernières comme tag naturel pour discriminer les habitats des juvéniles de daurade royale. Ainsi, l'identification a posteriori des nourriceries colonisées au stade juvénile chez des adultes pêchés le long de la côte du Golfe du Lion a pu être réalisée. Les estimations de la contribution relative des habitats des juvéniles au stock d'adultes (selon la contribution absolue ou la contribution par unité de surface) révèlent l'importance globale des lagunes pour le maintien des populations. Les lagunes les plus dessalées ont été identifiées comme les meilleures nourriceries de la zone d'étude. Le rôle important de la lagune de Thau pour le maintien des stocks de poissons a également été mis en évidence. Les résultats dans leur ensemble montrent une certaine convergence entre les estimations d'exports potentiel et réel des habitats des juvéniles. Les conclusions de cette étude sont primordiales pour la gestion et la protection des habitats clés des juvéniles ainsi que les ressources exploitées qui en dépendent. / Many coastal marine species of major socio-economic importance exhibited complex life histories include seasonal migrations between offshore marine environments and inshore coastal habitats. An adequate scientific understanding of their life cycle and, in particular the identification of the most significant juvenile nursery grounds are urgently needed for the sustainable management of fish stocks. This present study investigated the nursery function of coastal lagoons in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean) for a valuable fish species, the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata, whose juveniles colonize these habitats each year for feeding and growing over their critical first summer of life. Habitat quality of four contrasted lagoons was measured with body condition (Fulton and muscle TAG/ST indices) and otolith growth rate of juveniles. Results showed better condition and higher growth rates in juveniles inhabiting the two shallow and brackish lagoons (Bages-Sigean, Mauguio) compared to the two deeper and more saline lagoons (Salses-Leucate and Thau). Otolith elemental signatures were temporally validated as natural tags to discriminate among juvenile habitats, allowing the retrospective identification of juvenile origin of S. aurata adults captured along the Gulf of Lions coastline. The estimations of relative contributions of juvenile habitats to adult stocks revealed the overall significance of lagoons for the maintenance of population. While, brackish lagoons were identified as the major contributors and best nursery habitats in the area, the importance of Thau lagoon to sustain fish stocks was also highlighted. Combined results of this research revealed some agreement between potential and effective export estimates from juvenile habitats. Information derived from this study is highly valuable for the sustainable management and protection of juvenile habitats, and the fishery resources that depend on them.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-16T14:57:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adriana Silva Damião - 2017.pdf: 1622341 bytes, checksum: 602d20b1311a70ad06f03ce7e89849f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-16T14:58:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adriana Silva Damião - 2017.pdf: 1622341 bytes, checksum: 602d20b1311a70ad06f03ce7e89849f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T14:58:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adriana Silva Damião - 2017.pdf: 1622341 bytes, checksum: 602d20b1311a70ad06f03ce7e89849f3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-06 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The present dissertation is the result of a study that sought to analyze the conception of day care teachers about their continuing education in the last ten years and its impact on the pedagogical work with children. This research was born of the researcher's concerns, as a teacher and student of this stage of education. Based on an understanding that despite the validity of the relevant legislation for more than two decades, there are still many gaps to be filled, so that quality care is effective, as a right of children and families. Thus, this research has the general objective of analyzing the conception of continuing education of nursery teachers in a municipality in Southeast Goiania. The hypothesis that guides this study, that the continuing education of the teachers of the Child Education, specifically those of day care, is not seen as primordial for the municipal public policies. This fact is related to a national view about the pedagogical work developed with this age group, which is still based on care, despite the discussions about the articulation care and teaching have been inserted in the academic field for some time. It is a qualitative research, which has as references elements of the Historical-Cultural Theory. The research participants are nine effective teachers, pedagogues, who work in two older municipal nurseries, in the year of foundation, in nursery and nursery groups, with a minimum of five years of experience. The instrument used for data collection was the semi-structured interview and the analysis, following the assumptions contained in the Historical-Cultural Theory and Content Analysis. The results are related to the conception that the teachers have about continuing education, revealing the qualification process experienced by them in the last ten years and the challenges they identify in the implementation of a training proposal in service. We found evidence in the teachers' statements about the implications of continuing education and the pedagogical work offered to children in day care, pedagogical planning and the devaluation of the teacher of Early Childhood Education. We hope with the research, to add new knowledge, to what has already been produced on continuing education for daycare teachers in the studied municipality. / A presente dissertação é resultado de um estudo que buscou analisar a concepção das professoras de creches acerca da formação continuada vivenciada por elas nos últimos dez anos e o impacto dessa sobre o trabalho pedagógico com as crianças. Esta pesquisa nasceu de inquietações da pesquisadora, enquanto docente e estudiosa dessa etapa da educação. Partindo de uma compreensão que apesar da vigência da legislação pertinente há mais de duas décadas, ainda há muitas lacunas a serem preenchidas, para que um atendimento de qualidade se efetive, como direito das crianças e das famílias. Assim, essa investigação tem por objetivo geral analisar qual é a concepção de formação continuada das professoras de creches num município do Sudeste Goiano. A hipótese que pauta esse estudo, de que a formação continuada dos professores da Educação Infantil, especificamente os de creche, não é vista como primordial para as políticas públicas municipais. Fato este que se relaciona com uma visão nacional acerca do trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido com esta faixa etária, que ainda está pautada no cuidado, apesar das discussões acerca da articulação cuidadas e ensino se inserirem no campo acadêmico já há algum tempo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que tem como referências elementos da Teoria Histórico-Cultural. Os participantes da pesquisa são nove professoras efetivas, pedagogas, que atuam em duas creches municipais mais antigas, quanto ao ano de fundação, nos agrupamentos de berçário e maternal, com uma experiência mínima de cinco anos. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada e a análise, segue os pressupostos contidos na Teoria Histórico-Cultural e na Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados encontrados dizem respeito à concepção que as professoras têm sobre formação continuada, revelando o processo de qualificação vivenciado por elas nos últimos dez anos e os desafios que identificam na efetivação de uma proposta de formação em serviço. Encontramos evidências nas falas das professoras sobre as implicações da formação continuada e o trabalho pedagógico ofertado às crianças da creche, ao planejamento pedagógico e à des-valorização do professor da Educação Infantil. Esperamos com a pesquisa, agregar novos conhecimentos, ao que já foi produzido sobre formação continuada para professores de creches, no município estudado.

No Brasil, apesar da existência de um aparato legal que insere a criança no mundo dos direitos humanos, há ainda a persistência da violência contra a criança, sendo a família um dos principais locus para sua ocorrência. De acordo com a Constituição Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, a responsabilidade pela defesa dos direitos da criança deve ser compartilhada por todos os segmentos da sociedade, incluindo as instituições educativas. Neste sentido, e considerando sua finalidade de promoção do desenvolvimento integral da criança, cabe à Educação Infantil contribuir para o enfrentamento da violência contra a infância. O presente projeto, neste contexto, teve como objetivo investigar como profissionais de creche significam e lidam com a questão da violência doméstica contra a criança. As instituições-alvo da pesquisa foram duas creches localizadas em Ribeirão Preto/São Paulo: uma que não havia notificado caso de violência doméstica contra a criança no Disque Denúncia e/ou Conselho Tutelar (creche A) e outra que havia notificado caso a estes órgãos (creche B). Para a seleção das creches, foi realizado um levantamento, junto ao Conselho Tutelar e Programa Disque Denúncia de Ribeirão Preto, de todos os casos encaminhados e seus respectivos notificantes, no período de outubro de 2005 a setembro de 2006. Os instrumentos utilizados para a obtenção dos dados nas creches foram: observações (5 meses) e entrevistas (17). Na creche A, foram realizadas entrevistas com funcionárias dos serviços gerais (2), educadoras (5) e diretora (1). Na creche B, foram realizadas entrevistas com funcionárias dos serviços gerais (2), educadoras (6) e coordenadora (1). Foram analisadas 10 entrevistas, sendo cinco de cada creche: 1 (diretora/coordenadora), 1 (funcionária de serviços gerais), 3 (educadoras). A metodologia de coleta e análise dos dados ancorou-se nos pressupostos da Rede de Significações. A análise dos dados apontou: 1) a existência de redes de sentidos, compostas não só por sentidos relativos à violência doméstica contra a criança, que canalizam/atravessam/justificam as ações dos profissionais da Educação Infantil no que tange à criança, à família e aos órgãos de proteção; 2) que os sentidos mobilizados e as principais ações realizadas, por funcionárias, em situações concretas de violência doméstica dirigida à criança (conversar com a criança, orientar a família e não notificar os casos aos órgãos de proteção), se diferenciam dos sentidos mobilizados e das ações defendidas em situações hipotetizadas (conversar com a família, visando à constatação da violência e encaminhar casos identificados aos órgãos de proteção); 3) a ocorrência de violência contra as crianças nas creches, sendo as práticas mais comuns o castigo, o grito e a ameaça; 4) a complexidade e a relação existente entre as formas como as funcionárias lidam com as crianças nas instituições e nos casos de violência familiar, bem como dos fenômenos da violência doméstica e da violência institucional; 5) que ações realizadas nas e pelas creches assumiriam diferentes posições em um continuum proteção/vitimização da criança. Assim, as reflexões realizadas, no presente estudo, ressaltam que é de fundamental importância que a Educação Infantil reflita sobre em quais discursos estão se pautando e como suas práticas vêm contribuindo para a proteção da criança, tanto nas creches e pré-escolas como nas famílias. Dessa forma, a Educação Infantil poderá promover/possibilitar o desenvolvimento integral das crianças, cumprindo seu papel político e pedagógico. / In Brazil, despite the existence of a legal apparatus that puts the child in the world of human rights, there is the persistence of violence against children; the family is a major locus for its occurrence. According to the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Child and Adolescent Statute, responsibility for defending the childrens rights should be shared by all segments of society, including educational institutions. In this sense, and considering its purpose of promoting the integral development of children, it is the Child Rearing to contribute to confront the violence against children. This project, in this context, is aimed to investigate how day nursery professionals deal with the issue of domestic violence against children. The target institutions of the search were two kindergartens located in Ribeirão Preto / São Paulo: one which had not reported cases of domestic violence against children in Dial Denounce and/ or Guardianship Councils (day nursery A) and another which had notified some cases to these institutions (day nursery B). For nurseries selection, a survey was conducted along with the Guardianship Councils and the Program of Dial Denounce in Ribeirão Preto of all cases referred and their respective applicants, from October 2005 to September 2006. The instruments used to collect data in the nursery school were: observation (5 months) and interviews (17). In the nursery A, interviews were held with general service employees (2), teachers (5) and director (1). In nursery B, interviews were held with general services employees (2), educators (6) and coordinator (1). We analyzed 10 interviews, five of each kindergarten: 1 (director / coordinator), 1 (general services employee), 3 (educators). The methodology for collecting and analyzing data is anchored on the assumptions of the Meaning Network. Data analysis showed: 1) the existence of the senses network, composed not only by senses of domestic violence against children, which direct / cross / justify the actions of professional Child Rearing in relation to child, the family and the protection institutions; 2) that the senses deployed and the main actions taken by employees in concrete situations of domestic violence targeted at kids (talk to the child, guide the family and not report the cases to the protection institutions), differ from those mobilized senses and actions held in hypothesized situations (talk with the family aiming to find and report the identified cases of violence to the protection institutions); 3) the occurrence of violence against children in day care centers, being the most common practice the punishment, and the scream and threat; 4) the complexity and the ways in which employees deal with children in institutions and in cases of family violence, as well as the phenomena of domestic violence and institutional violence; 5) that actions taken in by nurseries got different positions on a continuum protection / victimization of the child. Thus the considerations made in this study, emphasize that it is of fundamental importance that Child Rearing reflects on in which speeches are founded upon and how their practices are contributing to the protection of children, both in nurseries and pre-schools and in families. Thus, Children Education can promote / facilitate the full development of children, fulfilling its political role and teaching.

Introdução: as taxas de cura e sobrevida ao câncer têm melhorado nas últimas décadas, com tratamentos de longa duração e intensivos. Mesmo com as melhores taxas de cura, uma parte das crianças e dos adolescentes não a atinge e morre. Neste contexto, as questões relativas às últimas fases da vida e ao próprio processo de morte e morrer têm se tornado objeto de discussão e reflexão no campo da saúde, da filosofia, da antropologia e sociologia. Objetivo: compreender as experiências de famílias de crianças e adolescentes com câncer, durante os cuidados paliativos, particularmente nos cuidados ao final da vida. Método: estudo de natureza descritiva e exploratória, fundamentado nos pressupostos da antropologia médica interpretativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu em dois momentos. Na fase 1, participaram pais de crianças e adolescentes com câncer, cuja morte tivesse ocorrido há, pelo menos, seis meses do início da coleta de dados, em acompanhamento em um hospital, em Sevilla-Espanha. Na fase 2, participaram pais de crianças e adolescentes com câncer, cuja morte tivesse ocorrido há, pelo menos, seis meses do início da coleta de dados, em acompanhamento em um hospital-escola do estado de São Paulo. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizamos a entrevista complementada com dados de fonte secundária. Os dados obtidos por meio da entrevista foram organizados de acordo com as recomendações da análise de conteúdo do tipo análise indutiva. Resultados: na fase 1, dos 12 familiares, oito eram do sexo feminino, mães, casadas, com idades entre 39 e 54 anos e cinco com ensino médio completo. Com relação à religião, oito consideram-se católicas e quatro mencionaram não ser ligados a nenhuma religião. Entre as 10 crianças e adolescentes, seis eram do sexo masculino, com diagnóstico feito entre 1 ano e 14 anos. Os cânceres mais frequentes foram meduloblastoma, leucemia linfoide aguda e sarcoma de Ewing. O período de vida entre o diagnóstico e a morte variou entre 6 e 67 meses, sete receberam o diagnóstico de cuidados paliativos; oito mortes ocorreram em enfermarias e apenas duas ocorreram em unidade de terapia intensiva; a idade no momento do óbito variou entre 1 e 18 anos e todos realizaram como ritual o velório, sendo seis acompanhado do sepultamento e quatro a cremação. Na fase 2, dos 16 familiares, 13 eram do sexo feminino, 12 eram mães, 8 casadas, com idades entre 30 e 63 anos e sete com ensino superior completo. Com relação à religião, sete consideram-se católicos, três evangélicos, um kardecista e dois mencionaram não ter nenhuma religião. Entre as 13 crianças e adolescentes, sete eram do sexo masculino, com o diagnóstico feito entre 8 meses e 15 anos. Os cânceres mais frequentes foram leucemias, osteossarcoma, tumor de Wilms e neuroblastoma. O período entre o diagnóstico e a morte variou entre 7 dias e 48 meses e quatro receberam o diagnóstico de cuidados paliativos; 11 mortes ocorreram nas enfermarias e duas em unidade de terapia intensiva; a idade no momento do óbito variou entre 1 e 19 anos e todos realizaram como ritual o velório e o sepultamento. Com relação ao material empírico produzido com as entrevistas, o mesmo foi organizado ao redor de quatro unidades de sentido: a) Impacto da doença, na qual os familiares relataram suas experiências sobre os desafios do diagnóstico precoce, o impacto da má notícia, as dificuldades de conviver com um filho com câncer e as redes de apoio; b) Falando sobre a morte traz a realidade do insucesso do tratamento curativo e as frustrações, bem como a dificuldade da modificação do tratamento curativo para os cuidados paliativos. Ainda, tratou da comunicação no processo de morte e morrer; c) Rituais e celebrações traz quais foram os cuidados e homenagens realizados, como os rituais e celebrações e d) Vida após a morte traz o enfrentamento para a vivência da ausência e adaptação frente esta ausência. Considerações finais: os resultados oferecerem evidências para a prática clínica, contribuindo para ampliar a compreensão da filosofia dos cuidados paliativos, incorporando saberes e ações, a partir das necessidades das famílias de crianças e adolescentes com câncer, em particular durante a fase final de vida / Introduction: the cure and survival rates have improved significantly in the last decades due to intensive and long-term treatments. Even with the best cure rates, part of the children and teenagers do not achieve it and die. Therefore, questions concerning the last phases of life, as well as the death process and dying itself have become an important target in health, philosophy, anthropology and sociology areas for discussion and thinking. Objectives: the main goal of this study is to better understand the children`s and teenagers` with cancer relatives experiences during the end of life care. Method: the medical interpretive anthropology fundaments were applied in this study under a descriptive and exploratory approach. The data collection occurred in two distinct moments throughout interviews along with a secondary data source: Phase 1 - parents of children and teenagers that have been under follow-up procedures in a Hospital in Seville-Spain took part. In phase 2 - parents of children and teenagers that have been under follow-up procedures in a School Hospital in São Paulo state participated, for both cases the death should have happened at least six months before the data collection. In order to analyze the data acquired the inductive thematic analysis was performed. Results: during phase 1, eight out of twelve relatives were women, mothers, married and between 39 and 54 years old, five of them completed secondary school. Concerning their religion beliefs, eight were Catholic and four did not mention any religious preference. Among ten children and teenagers, six were boys and the diagnosis being performed between 1 and 14 years old. The most common types of cancer reported were medulloblastoma, acute lymphoid leukemia and Ewing sarcoma being chemotherapy and surgery the principal treatments. The life spare between the diagnosis and death was between 6 and 67 months. From all the participants analyzed, seven received palliative care, eight deaths happened in the infirmary and only two happened at Intensive Care Units (ICU). The age of death varied from 1 to 18 years old and all the participants performed the funeral ceremony, six the burial and four the cremation. During phase 2, thirteen out of sixteen relatives were women, twelve mothers, eight married and between 30 and 63 years old, seven of them completed secondary school. Concerning their religion beliefs, seven were Catholic, three Christians, one Kardecist and two did not mention any religious preference. Among thirteen children and teenagers, seven were boys and the diagnosis being performed between 8 months and 15 years old. The most common types of cancer reported were osteosarcoma, leukemia, Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma. The life spare between the diagnosis and death was between 7 days and 48 months and four participants received palliative care diagnosis. Additionally, eleven out of thirteen deaths occurred in the infirmary and only two at ICU. Similarly to Phase 1, the age of death varied from 1 to 19 years old and all performed the funeral and burial procedures. The data acquired with the interviews were organized in four unities: (a) Disease impact, the relatives have reported their experiences on early diagnosis challenges, the impact of bad news, the issues faced for living with a child with cancer and support groups, (b) Talking about death, has reported the reality of a not successful healing treatment and frustrations, as well as the challenges in the healing to the palliative treatment modification. Additionally, the process of death and dying were discussed: (c) Rituals and celebration have reported what were the tributes performed with celebrations and rituals, and (d) Life after death has reported the absence management and adaptation. Conclusion: the results offer scientific evidence for clinical practice, contributing to the palliative philosophy amplification and comprehension, as well as incorporating the knowledge and actions from what the children`s and teenagers` with cancer families need during the end of life

Successful management of bighorn sheep depends on understanding the mechanisms responsible for population growth or decline, habitat selection, and utilization distribution after translocations. We studied a declining population of desert bighorn sheep in the North San Rafael Swell, Utah to determine birthdates of neonates, demographics, limiting factors, population size, probable cause of death, production, and survival. We documented 19 mortalities attributed to a variety of causes including cougar predation (n = 10, 53%), bluetongue virus (n = 2, 11%), reproductive complications (n = 2, 11%), hunter harvest (n = 1, 5%), and unknown (n = 4, 21%). Annual survival of females was 73% (95% CI = 0.55—0.86) in 2012 and 73% (95% CI = 0.55—0.86) in 2013. Adult male survival was 75% in 2012 (95% CI = 0.38—0.94) and 88% (95% CI = 0.50—0.98) in 2013. Disease testing revealed the presence of pneumonia-related pathogens. The population increased from an estimated 127 in 2012 to 139 in 2013 (λ = 1.09). Lamb:ewe ratios were 47:100 in 2012 and 31:100 in 2013. Mean birthing dates were 21 May in 2012 and 20 May in 2013. Spatial separation from domestic sheep and goats, and aggressive harvest of cougars, may have aided in the recovery of this population after disease events. Second, we investigated the timing of parturition and nursery habitat of desert bighorn sheep in the North San Rafael Swell to determine the influence of vegetation, topography, and anthropogenic features on resource selection. We monitored 38 radio-tagged ewes to establish birthing dates. We documented birthdates of 45 lambs. We used collar-generated GPS locations to perform logistic regression within a model-selection framework to differentiate between nursery and random locations (n = 750 for each) based on a suite of covariates. The top model included elevation, slope, ruggedness, aspect, vegetation type, distance to trails, and distance to roads. We used these variables to create a GIS model of nursery habitat for the North San Rafael (desert bighorns) and the Green River Corridor (Rocky Mountain bighorns). Ewes showed preference for steep, north-facing slopes, rugged terrain, lower elevation, and avoidance of roads. Our model provides managers with a map of high probability nursery areas of desert and Rocky Mountain bighorns to aid in conservation planning and mitigate potential conflicts with industry and domestic livestock. Finally, we monitored 127 reintroduced female bighorn sheep in three adjacent restored populations to investigate if the size and overlap of habitat use by augmented bighorns differed from resident bighorns. The size of seasonal ranges for residents was generally larger than augmented females. However, there was a shift in utilization distribution in all three populations after augmentation. Overlap indices between resident and augmented sheep varied by source herd. These data will help managers understand the dynamics of home range expansion and the overlap between provenance groups following augmentations.

This thesis examines the characteristics of dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) nursery groups and ontogeny of dusky dolphin calves. Data were collected via boat-based group focal follows of nurseries from October 2006-May 2007. A total of 87 nursery groups were encountered. Data were analyzed according to age category (infant or yearling) and season (early or late). Nursery group membership was lowest in the early season and when yearlings were present. The average number of yearlings in a nursery group was less than that of infants. The predominant activity of calves was rest. Early infants rested the most, while travel seemed most important for late infants, and early yearlings were most likely to forage. With the exception of early infants, all calves were more likely than adults to interact with boats. When taking month into account, yearlings were more social in general than infants. Infants showed a positive trend in sociality, while yearling sociality remained relatively stable. Nursery groups are markedly segregated by calf age, and 80% of nursery groups contained calves of only one age group. Dusky dolphin calves show a similar trend in preference for position in relation to the mother as that in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), with echelon swim decreasing with age. However, all calves appear to prefer echelon swim when nursery groups are traveling. Calves were more likely to swim independently in the late part of the season and while foraging or socializing, and were more likely to be in close proximity to their mothers while resting or traveling. Calves learned noisy leaps, followed by clean, coordinated, and acrobatic leaps, in that order. There was no clear relationship between behavioral state and types of leaps performed by calves. Early infants leapt less often than older calves, but leap frequency did not differ among the older calves. The overall pattern in the ontogeny of dusky dolphin leaps indicates that the physical development of leaps is learned individually, while the context in which the leaps are performed is learned from conspecifics. These results indicate that nursery groups represent an important environment for healthy physical and social development of calves.

This thesis examines the characteristics of dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) nursery groups and ontogeny of dusky dolphin calves. Data were collected via boat-based group focal follows of nurseries from October 2006-May 2007. A total of 87 nursery groups were encountered. Data were analyzed according to age category (infant or yearling) and season (early or late). Nursery group membership was lowest in the early season and when yearlings were present. The average number of yearlings in a nursery group was less than that of infants. The predominant activity of calves was rest. Early infants rested the most, while travel seemed most important for late infants, and early yearlings were most likely to forage. With the exception of early infants, all calves were more likely than adults to interact with boats. When taking month into account, yearlings were more social in general than infants. Infants showed a positive trend in sociality, while yearling sociality remained relatively stable. Nursery groups are markedly segregated by calf age, and 80% of nursery groups contained calves of only one age group. Dusky dolphin calves show a similar trend in preference for position in relation to the mother as that in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), with echelon swim decreasing with age. However, all calves appear to prefer echelon swim when nursery groups are traveling. Calves were more likely to swim independently in the late part of the season and while foraging or socializing, and were more likely to be in close proximity to their mothers while resting or traveling. Calves learned noisy leaps, followed by clean, coordinated, and acrobatic leaps, in that order. There was no clear relationship between behavioral state and types of leaps performed by calves. Early infants leapt less often than older calves, but leap frequency did not differ among the older calves. The overall pattern in the ontogeny of dusky dolphin leaps indicates that the physical development of leaps is learned individually, while the context in which the leaps are performed is learned from conspecifics. These results indicate that nursery groups represent an important environment for healthy physical and social development of calves.