INTRODUÇÃO: A dependência de cocaína/crack está associada a prejuízos neuropsicológicos, principalmente nas funções executivas, estas gerenciadas predominantemente pelo córtex préfrontal do cérebro. O jogo de xadrez é uma atividade que recruta funções executivas e tem sido empregado na reabilitação de pacientes com outros transtornos psiquiátricos; porém, nenhum estudo, até hoje, avaliou o impacto deste jogo em pacientes com dependência química. OBJETIVO: Investigar a viabilidade e o impacto de uma abordagem inovadora, o Xadrez Motivacional, com foco na estimulação das funções executivas, especialmente em memória de trabalho, planejamento e tomada de decisões. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 72 pacientes entre 18 e 45 anos que estavam internados na Enfermaria do Comportamento Impulsivo (ECIM) do IPq-HC-FMUSP com diagnóstico de dependência de cocaína/crack. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, o Grupo Intervenção (n=42), submetido ao Xadrez Motivacional (intervenções por meio de estratégias de Entrevista Motivacional e jogo de xadrez) e o Grupo Controle, (n=30) submetido a atividades recreativas. Os pacientes foram avaliados pré e pós intervenção (aproximadamente um mês de abstinência) através de testes neuropsicológicos e escalas de autopreenchimento. RESULTADOS: Foi observada melhoria significativa na maioria das funções avaliadas, em ambos os grupos (intervenção e controle), porém a participação no Grupo Intervenção associou-se com uma melhoria mais significativa em memória de trabalho verbal. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados são promissores por demonstrarem a viabilidade do Xadrez Motivacional nesta população e, principalmente, por auxiliar significativamente na melhoria da memória de trabalho no Grupo Intervenção / INTRODUCTION: Crack cocaine dependence is associated with neuropsychological impairments, mainly in executive functions, managed predominantly by the prefrontal cortex. The game of chess is an activity that recruits executive functions and has been used in the rehabilitation of patients with other psychiatric disorders, but no study to date has evaluated the impact of this game on patients with substance dependency. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and impact of an innovative approach, Motivational Chess, focusing on executive function stimulation, especially in working memory, planning and decision making. METHODS: The study enrolled 72 patients between 18 and 45 years who were admitted in the Impulsive Behavior Ward (ECIM) of IPq-HC-FMUSP diagnosed with crack/cocaine dependence. Patients were divided into two groups, the intervention group (n=42) underwent Motivational Chess (interventions using Motivational Interviewing strategies and chess game) and the control group (n=30) was submitted to recreational activities. Patients were assessed pre and post intervention (approximately one month of abstinence) using neuropsychological tests and self-report scales. RESULTS: We found significant improvement in most of the functions evaluated in both groups (control and intervention), but participation in the intervention group was associated with a more significant improvement in verbal working memory. CONCLUSION: These results are promising to show the feasibility of this approach of cognitive stimulation in this population and mainly to aid significantly improve of working memory

Submitted by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-01-30T14:40:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ELIANA ROSA DA FONSECA.pdf: 2004362 bytes, checksum: e97d5d0c63056ebe882781d565b6624a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Geisa Drumond (gmdrumond@vm.uff.br) on 2017-01-31T13:36:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ELIANA ROSA DA FONSECA.pdf: 2004362 bytes, checksum: e97d5d0c63056ebe882781d565b6624a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T13:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_ELIANA ROSA DA FONSECA.pdf: 2004362 bytes, checksum: e97d5d0c63056ebe882781d565b6624a (MD5) / Aborda-se o tema da literacia em informação na área de Saúde, estudado no ambiente da biblioteca setorial especializada vinculada ao Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da UFRJ. Estas duas unidades – biblioteca e hospital – consistiram no campo empírico da pesquisa, cuja descrição abrangeu aspectos históricos que remontam às origens de ambas bem como contemplou a configuração que apresentam nos dias de hoje. Destacam-se como elementos importantes que integram o ambiente da biblioteca, os atores sociais – bibliotecário e usuário – os serviços ali prestados, as fontes de informação mais utilizadas sublinhando-se, por sua especificidade e importância, a revisão sistemática. Os operadores teóricos cujo exame implicou em pesquisa bibliográfica realizada em bases de dados brasileiras e internacionais das áreas das ciências da saúde, ciência da informação e algumas bases multidisciplinares encontram-se assim elencados: literacia em informação, interação, abrangendo, por sua vez necessidades de informação, mediação e serviço de referência. Os métodos adotados foram os da pesquisa documental e a observação participante, cujo emprego exigiu, no primeiro caso, a busca e a utilização de relatórios técnicos, formulários de consulta e outros materiais gerenciais produzidos pela biblioteca. No segundo caso, foram utilizadas as anotações feitas no diário de campo, criado para o registro de fatos observados durante a pesquisa ou lembrados e registrados no referido instrumento. Para demonstrar a complexidade inerente ao processo de obtenção de literacia por parte do usuário, conforme os objetivos da pesquisa, elegeram-se casos ilustrativos de diferentes demandas de informação, tomados como emblemáticos, pois implicam na compreensão e no atendimento dos requisitos inerentes às peculiaridades dos recursos informacionais utilizados para tal. O processo consiste em aprendizagem que é aqui concebida como obtenção de literacia em informação. Esta, uma vez alcançada, propiciará maior autonomia e o desenvolvimento de competências por parte do usuário para ver satisfeitas as suas necessidades de informação. / his study approaches the topic of information literacy in the Health area, specifically at the environment of the sectoral specialized library linked to the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital from UFRJ. These two units – library and hospital – consisted in the empirical research field, whose description included historical aspects dating back to the origins of the configuration of both of them and how they work now a days. The library environment has important elements, such as social actors - librarian and user -, the provided services, the most used sources of information stressing “the systematic review” on its importance and specificity. The theoretical operators whose examination resulted in literature search have undertaken databases of Brazilian and international areas of health sciences, information science and some multidisciplinary databases are listed as well: information literacy, interaction, covering information needs, mediation and referral service. The methods adopted were the documentary research and participant observation, whose employment required in the first case the search and use of technical reports, inquiry forms and other materials produced by the library management. In the second case, the notes taken in the field diary were used, created to record facts observed during the survey or remembered and recorded on this instrument. To demonstrate the complexity inherent in the process of achieving literacy by the user, according to the research objectives, this work elected illustrations of different demands for information. Taken as emblematic cases, they imply in understanding and meeting the requirements inherent to the peculiarities of information resources used. The process consists of learning what is here meant as obtaining information literacy. This, once achieved, will lead to greater autonomy and skills development for the user to see fulfilled their information needs.

Studiens syfte är att fånga brukarperspektivet och dess upplevda konsekvenser av en ofrivillig förändring i befintliga boendemiljön, på grund av en offentlig konkurrensupphandling. Studien är genomförd med kvalitativ metod och insamlandet av empirin gjorde jag genom semistrukturerade intervjuer.  Intervjupersonerna tillika brukarna i studien har en lindrig intellektuell funktionsnedsättning.   Den tidigare forskningen och teoretiska utgångspunkt för studien är brukarperspektiv, förändring, social identitet och Antonovskys (2009) teorier om känsla av sammanhang, KASAM.   Intervjupersonerna i studien beskriver processen som en lång och kaotisk tid med hög psykisk press, vilket går att jämföra med en traumatisk kris. De upplever sig inte vara delaktiga i förändringen utan beskriver sig stå utanför handlingens centrum. De beskriver att de inte fått tillräckligt med anpassad information om vad den kommande förändringen innebär och saknar förmåga att tolka den abstrakta ofrivilliga förändringen. Intervjupersonerna uppfattar att besluten är tagna utan deras delaktighet och att de står utan påverkansmöjligheter. Samtliga beskriver att de fått fysiska besvär av olika slag på grund av upphandlingsprocessen. De uttrycker en låg grad av begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet i händelserna. Intervjupersonerna menar att beslutet att byta utförare känns oförklarligt och beskriver den kommande verksamhetsövergången som meningslös och de önskar att den inte ska bli verklighet. Intervjupersonerna upplevde att personalen utgjorde en viktig del av deras i övrigt glesa sociala nätverk. Intervjupersonerna beskriver att personalen varit obeslutsamma kring om de ska arbeta kvar eller inte. Intervjupersonerna förstår inte varför personal väljer att sluta och tolkar besluten som att det beror på dem själva och upplever sig bli bortvalda av personalen. Studien visar på behov av att utveckla arbetsmetoder som fångar brukarnas frågeställningar och funderingar för att bättre kunna förbereda dem på en kommande förändring av den här digniteten. Studien visar att intervjupersonerna hamnar i en komplex och mycket utsatt marginaliserande situation vid en verksamhetsövergång efter en offentlig konkurrensupphandling. / The aim of the study is to capture the perceived consequences of an involuntary change after a public competitive procurement of an existing group-home with special services, from a care taker/service user’s perspective. The study was conducted with qualitative method, and the collection of empirical evidence was through interviews. Respondents and users in the study have a mild intellectual disabilities.   The previous research and the theoretical starting point that the study had been in is; service user perspective, change models, social identity and Antonovsky's (2009) theories of SOC, sense of coherence.   The service users in the study describes a chaotic time with mental pressure during the change process, which can be comparable with traumatic crisis. They experienced fear and felt that the change was difficult to understand. The users describe a lack of knowledge of the upcoming changes. They felt they were unable to interpret and organize the communicative information that they had received. They identified that decisions were taken over their heads and had the feeling that they were without influence during the whole process. All respondents described different physical symptoms as consequents of the procurement. The service users express a low degree of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness in the whole process and experience fear and the decisions seems inexplicable and nonsensical. They describe the future business transition as a burden and an unfortunate circumstance they wish to get undone. They feel themselves not to be involved in the upcoming change, and describes that they are outside the center of act and therefor choose to focus on the staffs decision whether they will stay or quit their posts. They blame themselves when members of the staff decide to quit and they feel themselves to be eliminated by the staff.   The social context of the users turned out to contain sparse networks and property staff emerged as a significant and important part of their lives. The study demonstrates the need to develop working methods that capture the user’s questions and concerns in order to better prepare them for upcoming changes. The study shows that users end up in a complex and very exposed situation and are marginalized in the process of a public competitive procurement.

Inom systemutveckling har utvecklare och användare länge samarbetat för att nå mer framgångsrika systemutvecklingsprojekt. Detta samarbete grundar sig i vad som brukar kallas den skandinaviska skolan eller den skandinaviska traditionen. Detta var en utveckling som var mycket tydlig i de skandinaviska länderna som innebar att man började arbeta med medbestämmande på arbetsplatser och man började involvera de tilltänkta användarna i systemutvecklingsprojekt. Detta är ursprunget till konceptet användarmedverkan som är populärt att tala om idag och som nästan ses som en nödvändighet för att nå framgångsrika projekt. Användarmedverkan står för involveringen av användare i aktiviteter under systemutvecklingsprocessen. Detta är ett utforskat tillvägagångssätt som bevisats kunna bidra med många positiva effekter till systemutvecklingsprojekt. Trots att användarmedverkan har blivit en accepterad norm blir majoriteten av alla systemutvecklingsprojekt inte framgångsrika. System är ofta inte anpassade efter användarnas villkor och i projekten finns det inte någon med makt att påverka som bevakar deras intressen. Detta väcker fråga om samverkan skulle kunna ske på andra sätt för att fånga verksamhetens behov och få framgångsrika IT-lösningar. Därför introducerar och undersöker denna studie möjligheterna kring en utvecklarmedverkan. Utvecklarmedverkan innebär en involvering av utvecklare i användares verksamhet. Det ger ett nytt fokus på användarna och innebär en samverkan där användarna har makt att påverka. I linje med detta syfte ämnar studien besvara följande tre forskningsfrågor; På vilka sätt kan utvecklare involveras i användarens verksamhet?, Vilken nytta kan man se av involveringen?, Vilka utmaningar kan man möta vid involveringen?. Studien har följt en kvalitativ metod där data har samlats in genom en litteraturstudie, samt genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna har genomförts via ett samarbete med ett konsultföretag där intervjupersoner har plockats från deras personalstyrka eller kundbas. Genom en tematisk analys har jag i studien kommit fram till att förutom att det innebär ett nytt arbetssätt där många olika roller ska samarbeta så krävs det även att man kan påvisa att den tid och pengar man lägger på utvecklarmedverkan är värd den nytta det kan bidra med. Studien lyfter den möjliga nyttan av utvecklarmedverkan dels som en allmän större förståelse mellan utvecklare och användare och dels att det möjliggör en verksamhetsförbättring för användare. / It is not a new thing for developers and users to work together in system development projects for the projects to succeed. This collaboration comes from what is known as the Scandinavian approach. This refers to a progress that took place in and was dominant in Scandinavia where codetermination in the workplace became important and they started to involve users in the decisions regarding new computer systems. The Scandinavian approach is the origin of user participation, which is well used today and almost considered necessary to reach success in system development. User participation stands for the participation of users in activities during the development. User participation is well researched and acknowledged to contribute to successful development projects. Although user participation has become established most of system development projects does not end in success. Often the systems don’t meet the needs of the users and there’s also often no one with influence that sees to their interests. This leads to the question if collaboration between developers and users could be done by other means, as a way to identify business needs and reach successful IT-solutions. Because of this, this study introduces and explores the possibilities surrounding the concept developer participation. Developer participation stands for the participation of developers in the user’s activities. This presents a new way to look at it with a new focus on the users which means collaboration where the users have the power to influence. In extension of this objective the study was set to answer these three research questions; How can developers participate in the users business?, What benefits can the participation lead to?, What challenges can the participation face?. The study was carried out with a qualitative approach where data was collected through literature and semi-structured interviews. The study was conducted with help from a consultant company which accounted for the interviewees through their staff and customer base. With a thematic coding as the analytic method the study concludes that developer participation face mainly two challenges. It means that a new approach where quite different people have to collaborate are introduced and this approach has to be proven worth the time and money it takes to use it. Furthermore the study presents a greater understanding between developers and users and an opportunity for organizational improvements on the user side as possible effects of developer participation.

Le développement du vélo en ville constitue aujourd’hui un impératif pour les élus, notamment au regard des injonctions en faveur du développement durable. Dans les années 2000, les dispositifs de vélos en libre service se sont imposés dans la majorité des villes européennes. Si leur développement a été guidé par des considérations écologiques, ces dispositifs valorisent plus généralement l’innovation politico-institutionnelle et le dynamisme économique des villes. Ces dispositifs se sont imposés grâce à des réseaux transnationaux structurés autour de la thématique du vélo. Ces réseaux invitent à considérer les échanges transnationaux comme vecteurs de transformations dans l’action publique urbaine. Les préoccupations pour le développement du vélo ont une histoire qui s’inscrit dans une série d’interactions entre les villes depuis les années 1970. L’analyse de la formation et des effets des réseaux transnationaux du vélo permet de définir des périodes et des régularités dans ces recompositions qui affectent à la fois les politiques du vélo en ville et l’organisation des pouvoirs politiques urbains. Une première période structurée par l’activité transnationale des associations de défense du vélo invite à comprendre le rôle des échanges dans la définition d’un problème public puis sa mise à l’agenda dans l’ensemble des villes européennes au cours des années 1970. Le traitement des problèmes pousse les élus et les agents administratifs à s’investir dans les échanges transnationaux pour construire une nouvelle compétence municipale fondée sur les expertises associatives. Cet investissement des municipalités caractérise la deuxième période, dans laquelle les municipalités s’affirment dans la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques du vélo en institutionnalisant des réseaux de collectivités au cours des années 1980-1990. Enfin, une troisième période s’engage à partir des années 2000 avec l’arrivée des entreprises du mobilier urbain et de l’affichage publicitaire dans les échanges transnationaux. Cet investissement des entreprises engendre une intense circulation des systèmes de vélos en libre service et confronte les élus urbains à l’exercice d’une régulation des relations avec ces grandes firmes, autant dans les interactions transnationales que dans celles qui se déroulent sur les territoires pour la gestion des services urbains. Ces réseaux transnationaux du vélo sont un moyen d’organiser les pouvoirs locaux et de légitimer les élus municipaux dans la conduite de l’action publique urbaine. / Today, development of urban cycling is a must for politicians, particularly considering injunctions in favor of sustainable development. In the 2000s, bike sharing systems emerged in most European cities. If development was guided by ecological considerations, more generally, these services add value to political and institutional innovation and to the economic vitality of cities. Bike sharing systems were imposed thanks to transnational networks around the theme of the bike. These networks invite us to consider transnational exchanges as vectors of change in urban policies. The development of cycling has a history which is the result of many interactions between cities since the 1970s. The analysis of the creation and the effects of bicycle transnational networks allows us to define time periods and patterns in the evolutions that affect both urban cycling policies and organization of urban political power. A first period, structured by transnational activity of urban cyclist associations, helps us to understand the role of these interactions in the definition of a public issue, and of the inclusion of these questions in the agenda of many European cities during the 1970s. Problem solving encourages decision makers to engage in transnational exchanges to build a new municipal jurisdiction based on associative expertise. This municipal investment characterizes the second period, in which municipalities intensify the implementation of cyclist public policies by institutionalizing city networks in the years 1980-1990. Finally, a third period begins in the 2000s, with the appearance of companies in the area of urban furniture and outdoor advertising in transnational exchanges. These firms generate a heavy circulation of bike sharing systems, and pose the question for decision makers how to manage their relationships with these large companies, both on a transnational level and as far as the management of urban services is concerned. These bicycle transnational networks are a way to organize local authorities and to legitimate decision makers in the management of urban public policies.

The purpose of this study is to understand how business intelligence and the information it provides is interpreted by two different groups of people - the business users and the technical team in a BI system. To fulfill the purpose of the research an analytical process with an interpretive approach has been used. Through the Gioia methodology the study was conducted as a single case study at a staffing agency located in Sweden with approximately 800 employees. Eight interviews were conducted at the company with four members from the technical team and four members from the business users. The findings of this study shows that two aggregated dimensions have emerged - Use of BI and Nature of BI. The empirical investigation show a clear difference between the technical team and the business users perception of BI, which is highlighted by the emerged aggregated dimensions and the coherent second order themes. To conclude, this demonstrates that there are not only technical challenges with BI, but also intangible challenges. This means that there are disparities in understanding BI, as well as there are disparities in interpreting the information it provides. / Syftet med denna studie är att förstå hur Business Intelligence och den tillhörande informationen tolkas av två olika grupper av människor - the business users och the technical team i ett BI system. För att uppfylla syftet med forskningen har en analysprocess med en tolkningsmetod utförts. Genom Gioia-metoden har studien genomförts som en enskild fallstudie hos en bemanningsbyrå i Sverige med cirka 800 anställda. Åtta intervjuer genomfördes på företaget med fyra medlemmar från the technical team och fyra medlemmar från the business users. Resultatet av denna studie visar att två aggregerade dimensioner har uppstått - Use of BI och Nature of BI. Den empiriska undersökningen visar en tydlig skillnad mellan the technical team och the business users uppfattning om BI, vilket framhävs av de uppkomna aggregerade dimensionerna och de sammanhängande andra ordningens teman. Avslutningsvis visar detta att det inte bara finns tekniska utmaningar med BI utan även immateriella utmaningar. Det betyder att det finns skillnader i att förstå BI, och att det finns skillnader i tolkningen av den information som BI tillhandahåller.

Denna uppsats redovisar en studie i hur en söktjänst på Internet kan kompletteras, antingen via en mobilapplikation eller genom en responsiv webbplats, för att underlätta användning via en smartphone. Fokus för undersökningen ligger på Riksarkivets söktjänst Nationell ArkivDatabas (NAD) som för tillfället inte är anpassad till mobila enheter. Vårt mål är även att undersöka hur inställningen ser ut för applikationer och responsiva webbplatser bland användare samt hur dessa åsikter skiljer sig mellan olika användarmålgrupper. Tillsammans med information från tidigare forskning har en studie utförs för att undersöka för- och nackdelar mellan appar respektive responsiva webbplatser. I våra undersökningar har vi valt att använda oss av två datainsamlingsmetoder: en kvantitativ webbenkät och semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer, som komplement till varandra. Totalt nio intervjuer har gjorts med tre personer ur varje Riksarkivets huvudmålgrupper. En webbenkät har även publicerats på Riksarkivets och Stockholms stadsarkivs webbplatser. / This paper reports a study in how a search service on the Internet can be completed either through a mobile application or through a responsive website, to facilitate use on a smartphone. The focus of the study is on the National Archives' search service National Archives Database (NAD), which is not currently adapted to mobile devices. Our aim is also to investigate how the attitude looks for applications and responsive websites among users and how these views differ between user groups. Together with data from previous research, a study was conducted to examine the pros and cons between apps and responsive websites. In our investigations we have chosen to use two methods of data collection: a quantitative web survey and semi-structured qualitative interviews, to complement each other. A total of nine interviews were conducted with three members from each of National Archives' main target groups. An online survey has also been published on the National Archives and Stockholm stadsarkivs websites.

Over the last couple of years’ social media has come to have an influential role in our lives. With the broad use questions has raised if social media use can have negative effects. We have seen a recurrent tendency in media and society that encourage people to overlook their social media use and seen cases of people reducing their private social media use. The purpose of this study is to examine attitudes in young adults whom have taken a break from social media or reduced their usage. Furthermore, we wanted to distinguish what types of strategies they have used when they renounced from social media. With a qualitative approach we interviewed five young adults that had waived from social media during different periods of time due to negative usage experiences. We examined our empirical material along side with previous research on social media, Goffman’s impression management theory and Nanna Gillberg’s notion on Bourdieu’s forms of capital. We found that people tend to see the opportunity of impression control as something tedious and time consuming which had lead to a diminished use of social media. When tackle this aspect of social media, it came down to reducing your usage to an extent without having to compromise the possibility social media offers to keep in contact with friends.

Durant les situations de crise, telles que les catastrophes, le besoin de recherche d’informations (RI) pertinentes partagées dans les microblogs en temps réel est inévitable. Cependant, le grand volume et la variété des flux d’informations partagées en temps réel dans de telles situations compliquent cette tâche. Contrairement aux approches existantes de RI basées sur l’analyse du contenu, nous proposons de nous attaquer à ce problème en nous basant sur les approches centrées utilisateurs tout en levant un certain nombre de verrous méthodologiques et technologiques inhérents : 1) à la collection des données partagées par les utilisateurs à évaluer, 2) à la modélisation de leurs comportements, 3) à l’analyse des comportements, et 4) à la prédiction et le suivi des utilisateurs primordiaux en temps réel. Dans ce contexte, nous détaillons les approches proposées dans cette thèse afin de prédire les utilisateurs primordiaux qui sont susceptibles de partager les informations pertinentes et exclusives ciblées et de permettre aux intervenants d’urgence d’accéder aux informations requises quel que soit le format (i.e. texte, image, vidéo, lien hypertexte) et en temps réel. Ces approches sont centrées sur trois principaux aspects. Nous avons tout d’abord étudié l’efficacité de différentes catégories de mesures issues de la littérature et proposées dans cette thèse pour représenter le comportement des utilisateurs. En nous basant sur les mesures pertinentes résultant de cette étude, nous concevons des nouvelles caractéristiques permettant de mettre en évidence la qualité des informations partagées par les utilisateurs selon leurs comportements. Le deuxième aspect consiste à proposer une approche de modélisation du comportement de chaque utilisateur en nous basant sur les critères suivants : 1) la modélisation des utilisateurs selon l’évolution de l’évènement, 2) la modélisation de l’évolution des activités des utilisateurs au fil du temps à travers une représentation sensible au temps, 3) la sélection des caractéristiques les plus discriminantes pour chaque phase de l’évènement. En se basant sur cette approche de modélisation, nous entraînons différents modèles de prédiction qui apprennent à différencier les comportements des utilisateurs primordiaux de ceux qui ne le sont pas durant les situations de crise. Les algorithmes SVM et MOG-HMMs ont été utilisés durant la phase d’apprentissage. La pertinence et l’efficacité des modèles de prédiction appris ont été validées à l’aide des données collectées par notre système multi-agents MASIR durant deux inondations qui ont eu lieu en France et des vérités terrain appropriées à ces collections. / During crisis events such as disasters, the need of real-time information retrieval (IR) from microblogs remains inevitable. However, the huge amount and the variety of the shared information in real time during such events over-complicate this task. Unlike existing IR approaches based on content analysis, we propose to tackle this problem by using user-centricIR approaches with solving the wide spectrum of methodological and technological barriers inherent to : 1) the collection of the evaluated users data, 2) the modeling of user behavior, 3) the analysis of user behavior, and 4) the prediction and tracking of prominent users in real time. In this context, we detail the different proposed approaches in this dissertation leading to the prediction of prominent users who are susceptible to share the targeted relevant and exclusive information on one hand and enabling emergency responders to have a real-time access to the required information in all formats (i.e. text, image, video, links) on the other hand. These approaches focus on three key aspects of prominent users identification. Firstly, we have studied the efficiency of state-of-the-art and new proposed raw features for characterizing user behavior during crisis events. Based on the selected features, we have designed several engineered features qualifying user activities by considering both their on-topic and off-topic shared information. Secondly, we have proposed a phase-aware user modeling approach taking into account the user behavior change according to the event evolution over time. This user modeling approach comprises the following new novel aspects (1) Modeling microblog users behavior evolution by considering the different event phases (2) Characterizing users activity over time through a temporal sequence representation (3) Time-series-based selection of the most discriminative features characterizing users at each event phase. Thirdly, based on this proposed user modeling approach, we train various prediction models to learn to differentiate between prominent and non-prominent users behavior during crisis event. The learning task has been performed using SVM and MoG-HMMs supervised machine learning algorithms. The efficiency and efficacy of these prediction models have been validated thanks to the data collections extracted by our multi-agents system MASIR during two flooding events who have occured in France and the different ground-truths related to these collections.

La justice pénale est aujourd’hui confrontée au numérique et le développement des données dématérialisées, dont la valeur patrimoniale ne cesse de s’accroître, lui pose des défis de nature idéologique, sociologique, économique, géopolitique et, bien évidemment juridique. Elle doit faire face à la cybercriminalité qui se joue du temps, de l’espace et des législations puisque les actes illicites se déroulent désormais dans le cyberespace. Mais, pour que le système de justice pénale puisse contribuer efficacement à la lutte contre la cybercriminalité, les États doivent pouvoir s’appuyer sur un ensemble de règles juridiques contre cette criminalité et des systèmes de justice pénale qui fonctionnent correctement, doivent avoir les capacités nécessaires pour démêler les affaires pénales qui peuvent être complexes et coopérer à la répression de la cybercriminalité au plan international / Nowdays, Criminal justice is confronted to digital and the development of dematerialized data, whose heritage value is still increasing, raise challenges of ideological, sociological, economical, geopolitical and of course legal nature. Criminal justice needs to deal with cybercrime which make light of time, space and legislation because illicit acts now take place in cyberspace. However, so that the criminal justice system can contribute effectively to fight against cybercrime, states should be able to lean on a set of legal rules against crime and criminal justice systems which work correctly, should have the necessary abilities to get to the bottom of legal affairs which can be complex and cooperate in cybercrime repression on the international level