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This project discusses the importance of accurate note-taking for D/deaf and hard of hearing students who have accomodation requirements and offers innovative opportunities to improve the student experience in order to encourage more D/deaf and hard of hearing individuals to persue academia. It also includes a linguistic analysis of speech singals that correspond to transcription output errors produced by speech-to-text programs, which can be utilized to advance and improve speech recognition systems. / In hopes to encourage more D/deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students to pursue academia, speech-to-text has been suggested to address notetaking issues. This research examined several transcripts created by two untrained speech-to-text programs, Ava and Otter, using 11 different speakers in academic contexts. Observations regarding functionality and error analysis are detailed in this thesis. This project has several objectives, including: 1) to outline how the DHH students’ experience differs from other note-taking needs; 2) to use linguistic analysis to understand how transcript accuracy converts to real-world use and to investigate why errors occur; and 3) to describe what needs to be addressed before assigning DHH students with a captioning service. Results from a focus group showed that current notetaking services are problematic, and that automatic captioning may solve some issues, but some errors are detrimental as it is particularly difficult for DHH students to identify and fix errors within transcripts. Transcripts produced by the programs were difficult to read, as outputs lacked accurate utterance breaks and contained poor punctuation. The captioning of scripted speech was more accurate than that of spontaneous speech for native and most non-native English speakers. An analysis of errors showed that some errors are less severe than others; in response, we offer an alternative way to view errors: as insignificant, obvious, or critical errors. Errors are caused by either the program’s inability to identify various items, such as word breaks, abbreviations, and numbers, or a blend of various speaker factors including: assimilation, vowel approximation, epenthesis, phoneme reduction, and overall intelligibility. Both programs worked best with intelligible speech, as measured by human perception. Speech rate trends were surprising: Otter seemed to prefer fast speech from native English speakers and Ava preferred, as expected, slow speech, but results differed between scripted and spontaneous speech. Correlations of accuracy and fundamental frequencies showed conflicting results. Some reasons for errors could not be determined without knowing more about how the systems were programed. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / In hopes to encourage more D/deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students to pursue academia, automatic captioning has been suggested to address notetaking issues. Captioning programs use speech recognition (SR) technology to caption lectures in real-time and produce a transcript afterwards. This research examined several transcripts created by two untrained speech-to-text programs, Ava and Otter, using 11 different speakers. Observations regarding functionality and error analysis are detailed in this thesis. The project has several objectives: 1) to outline how the DHH students’ experience differs from other note-taking needs; 2) to use linguistic analysis to understand how transcript accuracy converts to real-world use and to investigate why errors occur; and 3) to describe what needs to be addressed before assigning DHH students with a captioning service. Results from a focus group showed that current notetaking services are problematic, and that automatic captioning may solve some issues, but some types of errors are detrimental as it is particularly difficult for DHH students to identify and fix errors within transcripts. Transcripts produced by the programs were difficult to read, as outputs contain poor punctuation and lack breaks between thoughts. Captioning of scripted speech was more accurate than that of spontaneous speech for native and most non-native English speakers; and an analysis of errors showed that some errors are less severe than others. In response, we offer an alternative way to view errors: as insignificant, obvious, or critical errors. Errors are caused by either the program’s inability to identify various items, such as word breaks, abbreviations, and numbers, or a blend of various speaker factors. Both programs worked best with intelligible speech; One seemed to prefer fast speech from native English speakers and the other preferred slow speech; a preference of male or female voices showed conflicting results. Some reasons for errors could not be determined, as one would have to observe how the systems were programed.

[pt] O propósito desta pesquisa é examinar a produção dos Apontamentos de Matemática de autoria do professor intelectual Dom Ireneu Penna. Os Apontamentos são um conjunto de quatro impressos didáticos utilizados no Colégio de São Bento do Rio de Janeiro, de 1967 a 2001, baseado no movimento educacional da Matemática Moderna e nas propostas de Georges Papy. A análise histórica dos Apontamentos segue uma postura hermenêutica, considerando que a análise de livros didáticos é um processo de interpretação dos diferentes elementos que giram à sua volta. A metodologia adotada é a análise documental. O trabalho trata de analisar o contexto histórico, educacional e político em que se deu a produção da obra; identificar os agentes envolvidos e sua influência no circuito de produção; analisar os aspectos formais que a compõem, tais como capa, prefácio e sumário, identificando suas singularidades e relações com sua produção; e analisar o texto e suas relações com as fontes utilizadas pelo autor, destacando seu alinhamento com a proposta de Educação Matemática indicada pela Unesco em 1966. Apontou-se ainda que, mesmo contendo diversos trechos autorais de Dom Ireneu, os Apontamentos são uma adaptação dos livros didáticos belgas Mathématique Moderne, de Papy. Conclui-se, ao final, que a produção dos Apontamentos representou um momento da luta de um professor por um ideal pedagógico-matemático modernizador, que fornecesse instrumentos de pensamento e que fosse lógico e coerente com sua concepção de progresso da ciência. / [en] The purpose of this research is to examine the production of Apontamentos de Matemática, written by Dom Ireneu Penna, professor and intellectual authority. Apontamentos are a set of four textbooks used at Colégio de São Bento of Rio de Janeiro from 1967 to 2001, based on the New Math Movement and on Georges Pappy s ideas. The analysis of the history of the Apontamentos follows an hermeneutic approach, considering that textbook analysis is a process of interpretation of the different elements around it. The methodology adopted is documental analysis. This work analyses the historical, educational and political context where the production of the Apontamentos took place; identifies the agents involved and their influence in the production circuit; analyses the formal aspects that compose it, such as cover, preface and summary, identifying their singularities and relations with the production itself; and analyses the text and its relations with the sources used by the author, highlighting his alignment with the guidelines of Mathematics Education indicated by Unesco in 1966. It s also shown that, even though Dom Irineu has written himself several paragaphs in it, Apontamentos is an adaptation of the Belgium textbooks Mathématique Moderne, by Pappy. In the end the conclusion indicates that the production of Apontamentos is a flash of the fight of a teacher for an ideal of modernisation in pedagogycal-mathematical method in order to provide tools for thought, being logical and coherent with his conception of progress in Science.

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Digital learning tools, including digital learning tools for piano, are not new; however, they are still often limited by their inability to provide personalized feedback, detailed performance metrics from real piano play, and effective means for teachers to monitor multiple students simultaneously. To overcome these challenges, this study introduces a platform that uses MIDI technology to provide detailed feedback and performance analysis derived from actual piano play to make piano learning more tangible. Additionally, a student-teacher interface was designed that facilitates interaction between both parties and allows teachers to monitor the progress of multiple students through various performance metrics. The results demonstrate that the platform gave accurate feedback based on assessment from teacher, by providing both students and teachers with deeper insights into performance on note accuracy, tempo and dynamics, enabling more efficient and targeted teaching strategies, and high student engagement. / Digitala inlärningsverktyg, inklusive digitala inlärningsverktyg för piano, är inte nya, men de har fortfarande begränsningar som ofta beror på att de inte kan ge personlig feedback, detaljerade prestationsmått från verkligt pianospel och effektiva sätt för lärare att övervaka flera elever samtidigt. För att övervinna dessa utmaningar introducerar denna studie en plattform som använder MIDI-teknik för att ge detaljerad feedback och prestationsanalys som härrör från verkligt pianospel för att göra pianoinlärning mer påtaglig. Dessutom utformades ett elev-lärargränssnitt som underlättar interaktion mellan båda parter och gör det möjligt för lärare att övervaka flera elevers framsteg genom olika prestationsmått. Resultaten visar att plattformen gav korrekt återkoppling baserat på lärarens bedömning, genom att ge både elever och lärare djupare insikter i prestationen, vilket möjliggör effektivare undervisningsstrategier och ökat elevengagemang.

Students who study through the medium of a second language often have reading/listening comprehension and general study problems. This study focuses on particular aspects of these problems only, namely, identification of main ideas, summarisation and note-taking. The aim of this study was w determine the effect of teaching L2 students a combination of metacognitive and cognitive strategies for reading and listening comprehension (the main idea, summarising and note-taking by means of dictation). An intervention programme was designed in order to teach students these skills. There were ten students in both the experimental and the control groups. Both groups were assessed before and after the intervention programme. The findings reveal that the intervention was successful, with the experimental group showing greater improvement than the control group. The findings of this study have implications for second language tertiary learning and teaching theory and practice / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)

This dissertation considered trade and trade finance in Mesopotamia over a period of 2000 years commencing with Sumeria and ending with Achaemenid Persia, taking in Ur III and Assyria. A range of financial instruments was selected together with important business transactions, for instance, agricultural finance, specifically the brewing industry and the working capital requirements of merchants and money lenders. The role of women in private enterprise was examined, including their role in retail finance. The great estates of temple and palace had a substantial impact on finance and trade throughout the periods. Their interaction with merchants and money lenders was important to the study. I used reductionism to facilitate analysis of complex products highlighting the essentials of finance namely, borrowing, lending and return. The study concludes that, during the era under consideration, the evolution and enhancement of the financial instruments and products developed in self-generated, incremental and progressive steps. / Biblical & Ancient Studies / M.A. (Ancient Near East Studies)

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier les différents types de traitement utilisés par des locuteurs de français L1 et des apprenants étrangers de français lors de la prise de notes dans cette langue, à partir du discours oral magistral. Ce travail qui s’inscrit dans une perspective psycholinguistique vise à analyser la conformité et la fidélité sémantique et formelle des textes-cibles (les productions) par rapport au texte-source (le discours émis). Le cadre théorique de la thèse analyse différentes approches et taxinomies relatives aux stratégies communicatives en langue étrangère, notamment celle de Kellerman, dans le but de dégager une typologie des stratégies de traitement à étudier dans les données empiriques relevées. Afin d’étudier l’efficacité des prises de notes des participants à l’enquête observés, nous avons conçu une grille d’analyse intitulée une « grille de matrices » permettant d’analyser d’une part, le discours professoral (par la méthode de l’analyse discursive de Van Dijk) et d’identifier et de quantifier différents procédés audiographiques déployés par les noteurs observés. A l’issue d’analyses portant sur la forme et le fond des textes recueillis, nous avons dégagé des résultats détaillés relatifs à l’efficacité de la prise de notes des participants observés. Au terme des analyses, des propositions didactiques en matière de prise de notes en langue maternelle et étrangère sont formulées. / This thesis intends to study different types of treatments used by speakers of French L1 and foreign learners of French for note-taking during an oral lecture in that language. From a psycholinguistic perspective, this assignment aims to analyze compliance and definite semantic fidelity of targets-texts (productions) in comparison with the source-text (the issued speech). The theoretical context of the thesis analyzes different approaches and taxonomies relating to conversational strategies in a foreign language notably that of Kellerman, with the intention of identifying a typology of treatment strategies to be studied in gathered empirical data. To study the effectiveness of the participants’ note-taking, we conceived an analysis grid called “matrix grid” allowing to analyze, on one hand, professorial speech (through the method of the discursive analysis of Van Dijk) and on the other hand, to identify and quantify different audiographique techniques used by examined note takers. After analyzing the form and semantic content of the gathered texts, we formulated detailed results relating to the effectiveness of the examined participants’ note-taking. As a consequence of these analyses, didactic proposals in note-taking in a native or foreign language were formulated.