Bakgrund: I dagens mångkulturella värld möter sjuksköterskor personer med olika kulturella bakgrunder och sjuksköterskestudenter behöver utveckla sin transkulturella kompetens för att möta de kulturella behoven som detta medför. Transkulturell omvårdnad innebär att en persons kultur inverkar på omvårdnaden. Fenomenet är nära sammankopplat med personcentrerad vård, i vilka relationsskapande och kommunikation är betydelsefulla aspekter. Sjuksköterskeutbildningen brister i utlärningen av transkulturell omvårdnad och behöver förbättras såväl praktiskt som teoretiskt för att uppnå god omvårdnad. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskestudenters kompetens inom transkulturell omvårdnad. Metod:Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats utifrån elva resultatartiklar. Resultat: Databearbetningen mynnade ut i de två huvudkategorierna Sjuksköterskestudenters upplevda utmaningar under verksamhetsförlagd utbildning samt Sjuksköterskestudenters positiva upplevelser av transkulturell omvårdnad med respektive underkategori Kommunikationsutmaningar och Drivkraft att utveckla transkulturell kompetens. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskestudenter upplever sin transkulturella kompetens som bristande och möter flera utmaningar med att tillhandahålla transkulturell omvårdnad men också positiva aspekter när den tillgodoses. Transkulturell omvårdnad behöver integreras i sjuksköterskeutbildningen för att bättre förbereda studenter för arbetslivet. / Background: In today’s multicultured world nurses will meet people from different cultural backgrounds and nursing students will have to develop their transcultural competence to meet the cultural needs this leads to. Transcultural nursing means that a person’s culture affects the nursing care. The phenomenon is closely connected to personcentered care in which establishing relationships and communication are meaningful aspects. The nurse education lacks in teaching transcultural nursing and needs to improveits practical and theoretical education to attain good nursing care. Aim: The aim was to describe nursing students’ competence within transcultural nursing. Method: The study was made as a general literature review with an inductive approach from eleven result studies. Result: The data analysis ledto the two main categories Nursing students experienced challenges during clinical training education and Nursing students positive experiences of transcultural nursing with respective subcategory Communication challenges and Will to develop transcultural competence. Conclusion: Nursing students experience their transcultural competence as lacking and they meet several challenges to provide transcultural nursing but also positive aspects when it is being accommodated. Transcultural nursing needs to be integrated in the nursing education to better prepare students for working life.

Background: Child abuse is a pervasive and serious problem in the United States. Over 3 million children are the victims of some kind of physical assault by adults. Due to their prolonged contact with children and opportunity to report, nurses should be trained to accurately assess, identify, and manage cases of child abuse. The purpose of this study was to examine student’s experiences with Child Protective Services, and explore their confidence and attitudes related to identifying and reporting child abuse. Factors associated with non-reporting were identified. Methodology: This was an exploratory, descriptive study. Students enrolled in the online Nursing Research course, NUR 3165, were asked to participate. Forty-four RN to BSN and Concurrent students completed the 27 questions survey on Qualtrics. It included demographic questions, questions regarding the participant’s beliefs about child abuse, The Child Abuse Reporting, Attitude and Experience Survey, and two vignettes. Survey data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were total of 44 (6 males and 38 females) students who completed the survey; most of them were between the age of 20-24. Fourteen were RN to BSN students who have practiced nursing for more than a year and 30 were concurrent nursing students who are still working on their ASN degree. The results showed that nursing students had positive experiences with CPS and indicated that they had confidence in identifying child abuse. However, students felt that they have not received adequate professional education in this field. Many reported never receiving training regarding child abuse and 84.1% indicated never reporting a suspected case to CPS. When presented with vignettes describing scenarios related to abuse, participants were not able to positively identify cases of abuse versus cases that were ambiguous. Discussion: Nurses are mandatory child abuse reporters in Florida. Many nursing students indicated that they have never reported suspected cases of child abuse to CPS and some of the reasons for this could be the lack of experience, and proper training and education on child abuse. Regardless of the reason, nursing students should be given adequate education to improve their confidence and attitude in identification and reporting of child abuse cases. Nursing schools could focus on including more hands on activity such as case studies and simulation to improve knowledge. Employers could try to utilize protocols to help identify child abuse.

The topic of substance-abuse has received increasing attention in recent years, as the number of individuals experiencing drug abuse and addiction is on the rise. With substance-use on the rise, the number of patients admitted to the hospital with this disorder is increasing also. It is important hospital staff are aware and educated on how to provide adequate care to these patients without judgement regarding their choices or their lifestyle. This study was done to determine how prepared nursing students are to care for patients with drug abuse or addiction. Specifically, the project explores student nurses' attitudes and commitment toward substance- abusing patients. The 20 item Drug and Drug Problem Perceptions Questionnaire (DDPPQ) was used to measure attitudes and therapeutic commitment in working with drug-abusing patients, and was distributed electronically to approximately 400 nursing students. One hundred thirty-one students participated. Scores ranged from 22-102, with the smaller value representing greater overall commitment and preparedness when working with substance-abusing patients. The mean score reported overall was 58. This score indicates improvement is needed to increase students' therapeutic commitment and ability to provide quality care for patients experiencing substance- abuse. More research needs to be done and programs put into place to reach this goal.

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Syftet med denna studie var att få ökad kunskap kring hur sjuksköterskestudenter upplever att lärandet påverkas av handledning under den verksamhetsförlagda delen av utbildningen. Detta undersöktes genom tre stycken frågeställningar vilka var: Hur upplever sjuksköterskestudenter att lärandet påverkas av handledningens upplägg under VFU? Vad anser sjuksköterskestudenter att en handledare kan bidra med för att främja deras lärande under VFU? Hur hanterar sjuksköterskestudenter situationen om de upplever att handledningen inte bidrar till ökat lärande under VFU? För att kunna besvara frågeställningarna utgick studien från en kvalitativ ansats där sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sjuksköterskestudenter mellan termin 4 och 6 på sjuksköterskeprogrammet. Därefter transkriberades intervjuerna samt analyserades med hjälp av Illeris teori om lärande ”The learning triangle”.  Tidigare forskning på området betonar vikten av individuell handledning då detta förbättrar upplevelsen och lärandet för studenten. Även betydelsen av en god relation, tid, diskussion och reflektion tillsammans med handledaren beskrivs som viktiga och gynnsamma faktorer för studenternas lärande. Resultatet av min studie visar att sjuksköterskestudenterna upplever att lärandet kan påverkas av många faktorer som är kopplade till handledningen. Det som kunde påverka lärandet under den verksamhetsförlagda delen av utbildningen var upplägget vid handledning, vissa betydelsefulla faktorer så som tillit, att bli inkluderad, stöd, samt feedback och även samspelet med handledaren. Resultatet visar även på olika strategier som sjuksköterskestudenter tar till när de upplever att de inte är nöjda med handledningen där försök att lösa problemet eller finna alternativa handledare beskrivs som några. / The aim of this study was to gain increased knowledge about how nursing students experience how learning is affected of supervision during the work-based part of the education. This was examined through three key questions including: How do nursing students experience that learning is affected of the supervision structure during work-based education? What do nursing students think a supervisor can contribute to promoting their learning during work-based education? How do nursing students handle the situation if they feel that the supervision does not contribute to increased learning during work-based education? To be able to answer these questions, the study took a qualitative approach where six semi-structured interviews were conducted with nursing students between semesters 4 and 6. The interviews were then transcribed and analysed using Illeri's theory of learning "The learning triangle".  Previous research on the topic emphasizes the importance of individual supervision as this improves the experience and learning for the student. The importance of a good relationship, time, discussion and reflection together with the supervisor is also described as important and favourable factors for students' learning. The results of my study show that nursing students feel that learning can be influenced by many factors that are linked to the supervision. What could affect learning during the work-based part of the education was the structure of supervision, certain important factors such as trust, being included, support, as well as feedback and also the interaction with the supervisor. The results also show different strategies that nursing students use when they feel that they are not satisfied with the supervision where e.g. trying to solve the problem with the supervisor or finding alternative supervisors was mentioned.

Introduktion: För att kunna uppnå en god hälsa och vård för patienter är det avgörande att sjuksköterskestudenter får adekvat utbildning. Det är således av central betydelse att basala hygienrutiner lärs ut för att kunna förebygga smittöverföring och förhindra vårdrelaterade infektioner. Basala hygienrutiner innefattar handhygien, användning av arbetskläder, skyddshandskar och skyddskläder. Syfte: Att undersöka vilka kunskaper sjuksköterskestudenter upplevde att de hade gällande basala hygienrutiner, hur de upplevde utbildningen av basala hygienrutiner samt vad de uppfattade som främjande och/eller hindrande för att följa dessa rutiner under verksamhetsförlagd utbildning. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med abduktiv ansats användes. Sex individuella intervjuer med medelhög struktureringsgrad hölls med sjuksköterskestudenter från svenska lärosäten. Tematisk analys enligt Braun och Clarke (2022) användes för dataanalysen. Resultat: Syftet besvarades genom tre huvudteman. Första huvudtemat: olika kunskapsnivåer besvarade vad för kunskaper sjuksköterskestudenterna upplevde att hade gällande basala hygienrutiner och med underteman: grundläggande hygien, göra antaganden samt tillämpning av föreskriften SOSFS 2015:10. Det andra huvudtemat besvarade hur sjuksköterskestudenterna upplevde undervisningen av basala hygienrutiner med huvudtemat: strukturering av utbildning och med underteman: klinisk träningscentrum och brister. Tredje temat besvarade vad sjuksköterskestudenterna upplevde som främjande och/eller hindrande från att följa basala hygienrutiner under verksamhetsförlagd utbildning. Detta genom huvudtemat: omständigheter och med underteman: gynnsamma förhållanden samt rädslor och kritiska aspekter. Slutsats: Resultatet visade på att sjuksköterskestudenterna hade ett behov av mer utbildning gällande basala hygienrutiner och att kunskapsnivån skiljde sig mellan sjuksköterskestudenterna. Att kunskapsnivån skiljde sig riskerar att påverka patientsäkerheten negativt. Med en för låg kunskapsnivå ökar risken för att patienter utsätts för vårdrelaterade infektioner. / Introduction: In order to achieve good health and care for patients, it is crucial that nursing students receive adequate training. It is of central importance that basic hygiene routines are taught in order to prevent transmission and prevent healthcare-associated infections. Basic hygiene routines include hand hygiene, use of work clothes, protective gloves and protective clothing. Aim: To investigate nursing students’ perceived knowledge about basic hygiene routines, how they experienced the training of basic hygiene routines and what they perceived as promoting and/or hindering for following these routines during operational training. Methods: A qualitative method with an abductive approach was applied. Six individual interviews with a medium structural degree were held with nursing students from Swedish universities. Thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke (2022) was used for the data analysis. Results: The aim was answered through three main themes. The first main theme answered what knowledge the nursing students felt they had regarding basic hygiene routines: different levels of knowledge with sub-themes: basic hygiene, making assumptions and application of the regulation SOSFS 2015:10. The second main theme answered how the nursing students experienced the teaching of basic hygiene routines with the main theme: structuring of education and with sub-themes: clinical training center and deficiencies. Third theme answered what the nursing students felt promoted and/or prevented them from following basic hygiene routines during practice-based training. This took place through the main theme: circumstances with sub-themes: favorable conditions as well as fears and critical aspects. Conclusion: The results showed that the nursing students had a need for more training regarding basic hygiene routines and that the level of knowledge differed between them. The fact that the level of knowledge differed risks affecting negatively patient safety. With insufficient knowledge the risk of being exposed to a care-related infection increases for patients.

Text in English / Cervical cancer accounts for 34.6% of all the female cancers in Zimbabwe. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of female student nurses regarding cervical cancer in Zimbabwe using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical framework. The ultimate aim was to analyse female student nurses’ risk perception of contracting cervical cancer. A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive research design was used, using a structured questionnaire for data collection. One hundred and thirty-two (132) respondents were conveniently selected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 software program. The study revealed that 57.9% of the respondents perceive that they are at risk of developing cervical cancer. They believe that screening for cervical cancer is not embarrassing. Knowledge improved with increase in the level of study, there was lack of knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer link. More emphasis on cervical cancer should be put on curricula taught in undergraduate education earlier on in the programme. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)