Ten einde arbitrere uitoefening van die diskresionere bevoegdhede waarmee staatsarnptenare beklee word, te voorkom en te beperk, is beheer van sodanige bevoegdhede noodsaaklik. In die verhandeling word die rol wat die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1993 (Wet 200 van 1993) kan vervul in die uitoefening van beheer oor die diskresionere bevoegdhede van staatsarnptenare ontleed. Sodanige ontleding geskied met verwysing na die Handves van Menseregte en instellings en ampte wat hulle gesag en bevoegdhede aan die 1993-Grondwet ontleen. Bykomend hiertoe, word ondersoek ook ingestel na die belang en relevansie van konstitusionalisme binne die konteks van publieke administrasie. / In order to prevent and to limit the arbitrary exercise of discretionary powers with which public officials are endowed, it is necessary to control such powers. This dissertation explores the role which the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act 200 of 1993) can fulfil in the exercise of control over the discretionary powers of public officials. Analysis of the role of the 1993-Constitution in this regard, is done with reference to the Bill of Rights and institutions and offices which derive their authority and powers from the Constitution. In addition hereto, the importance and relevance of constitutionalism within the context of public administration is also explored. / Public Administration and Management / M.A.

Michael Servetus (1508 - 1553) and Emanuel Swedenborg (1688 - 1772) are both considered heretics. They share many concepts about the nature of God, especially their rejection of orthodox Nicene and Chalcedonian theology. This thesis explores their respective theologies relating to the Trinity and Christology, with speculation of what sources they may have had in common. While attention is paid to Ignatius, Irenaeus and Tertullian, particular attention is paid to Tertullian, whose work Adversus Praxean lays the foundation of Servetus' ideas and has much in common with Swedenborg's theology. In light of their similarity to Tertullian, the question is asked if Servetus and Swedenborg would have been called heretics prior to Nicaea. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Church History)

This work deals with consumer protection within travel agencies. A part of the work is a literary research of the current situation of the CK and CA market, an analysis of selected travel agencies, and a questionnaire survey, which aimed to determine how aware consumers are of their rights when purchasing a trip. Consumer protection is still a relevant topic that is necessary to pay attention to.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4222.pdf: 1592794 bytes, checksum: f898cd68680e7e901a98e4caba91627c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-23 / The recent changes in Brazilian legislation to stimulate the innovation have influenced the functioning of public universities. The regulation of mechanisms of intellectual property management and technology transfer originated the innovation agencies, which are the scope of this work, trough STS studies (Science, Technology and Society). It assumes that their action has contributed to improve communication with the various university publics, helping to promote a cultural change towards innovation. The objective of this research is to identify, analyze and understand how the public university uses its structure and communication resources, through its agencies, to fulfill its institutional mission. It also aims to identify the perception of of its agents on the subject. The sample includes the innovation agencies of the Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas and Universidade de Sao Paulo. The qualitative case study used as methodology the Content Analysis, conducted from data collected in interviews with leaders and advisors. The investigation indicates a low level of international integration of communication activities, on which the legislation lacks regulatory elements; shows a consensus in the agents perception about the existence of a change in the academy stance on innovation, aligned with the role of university to promote social and economic development; appoints that the new legislation is one of the factors for that cultural change, together with the development of ICTs and the growing demand for the country. / As recentes mudanças na legislação brasileira para estímulo à inovação tiveram influência no funcionamento das universidades públicas. A regulamentação de mecanismos de gestão de propriedade intelectual e transferência de tecnologia deram origem às Agências de Inovação, que são o campo do presente trabalho, elaborado a partir dos estudos CTS (Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade). Partiu-se do pressuposto de que sua atuação tem contribuído para a melhoria da comunicação com os distintos públicos da universidade, ajudando a promover entre eles uma mudança cultural perante a inovação. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é identificar, analisar e compreender como a universidade pública utiliza sua estrutura e seus recursos de comunicação, através das agências, para cumprir sua missão institucional. Visa também captar a percepção de seus agentes sobre o tema. Estão compreendidas na amostra as agências de inovação da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas e Universidade de São Paulo. O estudo de caso qualitativo utilizou como metodologia a Análise de Conteúdo, realizada a partir de dados coletados em entrevistas com dirigentes e assessores. A investigação indica um baixo nível de inserção internacional das atividades de comunicação, sobre as quais a legislação regulamentadora carece de elementos; demonstra um consenso na percepção dos agentes sobre a existência de uma mudança na postura da academia diante do tema inovação, alinhada ao papel da universidade como promotora do desenvolvimento sócio-econômico; aponta a nova legislação como fator para essa mudança, aliada ao desenvolvimento das TICs e à demanda por crescimento do país.

Esta pesquisa investiga como se dão as interações e as relações entre a tecnologia e o trabalho do(a) Advogado(a). O estudo tem o objetivo de analisar as condições atuais do trabalho na advocacia a partir das modificações trazidas pelo Processo Judicial Eletrônico – PJE. Busca-se apresentar o quantum o PJE tem condicionado a práxis cotidiana da atividade da advocacia. Temse como pressuposto teórico que o trabalho e a tecnologia não determinam o agir humano, sendo, pois, o ser humano livre para direcionador as facilidades trazidas pela tecnologia, as quais deveriam, em tese, proporcionar a melhoria nas condições materiais da vida das pessoas. Trata-se de pesquisa realizada a partir de questionários abertos que permitem, tanto uma análise qualitativa dos conteúdos de depoimentos escritos, quanto certa quantificação, via consolidação das respostas obtidas. São analisadas as transformações provocadas pela informatização do processo judicial em sua nova forma eletrônica – mudanças estas ocorridas a partir do advento da Lei 11.419/2006 – e a reestruturação do trabalho na advocacia brasileira nestes últimos anos. O problema que se pretende responder, em última análise, é o seguinte: Qual a potencialidade emancipatória da tecnologia para o trabalho do(a) advogado(a)? Ao final do estudo são apresentados os resultados obtidos na pesquisa quanto a: intensificação no trabalho do(a) advogado(a); modificações observadas na estrutura dos escritórios de advocacia; principais dificuldades dos(as) advogados(as) com o PJE; alterações na produtividade no trabalho dos(as) advogados(as); percepção dos(as) advogados(as) quanto aos impactos da implantação do PJE na saúde, e; algumas implicações de gênero, entre advogados e advogadas, para se para trabalhar com o Processo Judicial Eletrônico. / This research investigates how interactions occur and the relationship between Technology and the Work of the Lawyer. The study aims to analyze the current conditions of work of advocacy from the changes brought by Judicial Process Electronic - PJE. We seek to present the quantum the PJE has conditioned the daily praxis of advocacy activity. It has as theoretical assumption that the Work and Technology does not determine human action and therefore humans free to control the facilities brought by technology which should in theory provide the improvement in the material conditions of life people. This is research from open questionnaires that allow both a qualitative analysis of the content of the written reports, as some quantification via consolidation of replies. It analyzes the transformations caused by computerization of the judicial process in your new electronic form, these changes occurred since the enactment of Law 11.419/2006 and the restructuring of the work of Brazilian advocacy in recent years. The problem we intend to answer is the following: What is the emancipatory potential of technology to the work of the lawyer? At the end of the study presents the results obtained in the research regarding: intensification of labor lawyer, modifications in the structure of advocacy firms, lawyers 'main difficulties with the PJE, changes in work productivity of lawyers, lawyers' perception regarding impacts of the implementation of PJE in health and some gender implications between men and women lawyers to get to work with the Judicial Process Electronic.

Esta pesquisa investiga como se dão as interações e as relações entre a tecnologia e o trabalho do(a) Advogado(a). O estudo tem o objetivo de analisar as condições atuais do trabalho na advocacia a partir das modificações trazidas pelo Processo Judicial Eletrônico – PJE. Busca-se apresentar o quantum o PJE tem condicionado a práxis cotidiana da atividade da advocacia. Temse como pressuposto teórico que o trabalho e a tecnologia não determinam o agir humano, sendo, pois, o ser humano livre para direcionador as facilidades trazidas pela tecnologia, as quais deveriam, em tese, proporcionar a melhoria nas condições materiais da vida das pessoas. Trata-se de pesquisa realizada a partir de questionários abertos que permitem, tanto uma análise qualitativa dos conteúdos de depoimentos escritos, quanto certa quantificação, via consolidação das respostas obtidas. São analisadas as transformações provocadas pela informatização do processo judicial em sua nova forma eletrônica – mudanças estas ocorridas a partir do advento da Lei 11.419/2006 – e a reestruturação do trabalho na advocacia brasileira nestes últimos anos. O problema que se pretende responder, em última análise, é o seguinte: Qual a potencialidade emancipatória da tecnologia para o trabalho do(a) advogado(a)? Ao final do estudo são apresentados os resultados obtidos na pesquisa quanto a: intensificação no trabalho do(a) advogado(a); modificações observadas na estrutura dos escritórios de advocacia; principais dificuldades dos(as) advogados(as) com o PJE; alterações na produtividade no trabalho dos(as) advogados(as); percepção dos(as) advogados(as) quanto aos impactos da implantação do PJE na saúde, e; algumas implicações de gênero, entre advogados e advogadas, para se para trabalhar com o Processo Judicial Eletrônico. / This research investigates how interactions occur and the relationship between Technology and the Work of the Lawyer. The study aims to analyze the current conditions of work of advocacy from the changes brought by Judicial Process Electronic - PJE. We seek to present the quantum the PJE has conditioned the daily praxis of advocacy activity. It has as theoretical assumption that the Work and Technology does not determine human action and therefore humans free to control the facilities brought by technology which should in theory provide the improvement in the material conditions of life people. This is research from open questionnaires that allow both a qualitative analysis of the content of the written reports, as some quantification via consolidation of replies. It analyzes the transformations caused by computerization of the judicial process in your new electronic form, these changes occurred since the enactment of Law 11.419/2006 and the restructuring of the work of Brazilian advocacy in recent years. The problem we intend to answer is the following: What is the emancipatory potential of technology to the work of the lawyer? At the end of the study presents the results obtained in the research regarding: intensification of labor lawyer, modifications in the structure of advocacy firms, lawyers 'main difficulties with the PJE, changes in work productivity of lawyers, lawyers' perception regarding impacts of the implementation of PJE in health and some gender implications between men and women lawyers to get to work with the Judicial Process Electronic.

The aim of this thesis was to establish the contemporary level of geographic information systems use by municipal authorities in the Czech Republic. Far more the task was to design measures based on the results of this research for the GEFOS a.s. company, which is a provider of GIS and WMS and for whom the research has been realized. I chose the following methods: analysis of secondary data and questionnaire investigation via e-mail. The questionnaire consisted of 17 questions about GIS, WMS and companies, which provide GIS and WMS. 714 authority offices in the Czech Republic have been involved (mainly in cities). 34 % had in fact responded, which is 243 offices. It has been determined that 15 % of the offices do not use GIS. The greatest obstruction of the initiation of GIS is financial reason. Some offices do not own it also because of lack of information or because the purchase has already been in progress. As a result of this the communication with potential clients, who do not have GIS, explaining the advantages and working principles, adding the WMS offer and helping with the first GIS project initiation has been suggested. The research cleared factual imperfections of the single GIS and companies offering those. Imperfections of firms: mostly the low adjustment, high prices and long duration for solutions of problems or demands. Software is concerned those imperfections: the data actualization, function in common, graphics and data import. For those improvements have been suggested {--} to react and handle those imperfection and additional demands of the customers. This means to confront the known imperfections and demands with the factual services of the GEFOS company, remove or fulfill those and include some opposites of imperfections in the GIS offer of the GEFOS company. In the Web Map Services (WMS) area it has been discovered that those services have been used by only on third of 243 offices. That is why I have suggested measures to support WMS, which should ensure a higher informedness about WMS and what is more important it should waken the desire for WMS purchase. Far more with my research I found out about the most used GIS software (it is MISYS); the most important companies in this area (the first is GEPRO spol. s r.o.); the sufficiency of the offices with the single software and companies; the most common map servers (it is MISYS-WEB), data for creation of GIS, number of GIS administrators and the methods of data publication (e.g. municipal plans).

En Grèce ancienne, femmes et filles de citoyens, issues généralement des élites, accomplissaient de nombreux services religieux pour leurs communautés. Ces fonctions, observées du Vème av. J.C. au II/IIIème ap. J.C. en Grèce, Etolie, Thessalie, Epire, Macédoine, îles des Cyclades et de l’Egée et littoral Est d’Asie Mineure, se construisaient et évoluaient avec leur société. Elles permettaient aux femmes de se mouvoir dans la sphère publique, en corrélation avec leur position sociale, et contribuaient à valoriser leur parentés. Beaucoup de ces services s’inscrivaient dans une sphère féminine où le sexe déterminait les rites accomplis, établissant une certaine image de la femme que les pratiques initiatiques accomplies par leurs filles, via ces services, reconduisaient. Toutefois, tous les services religieux ne se définissaient pas par rapport à ce monde féminin, mais tous se lisaient dans un ensemble subtil où il n’est pas toujours aisé d’établir les prérogatives de chaque service par rapport aux autres. Dans cet ensemble, la prêtrise était la charge la plus prestigieuse mais les autres fonctions, désignées par des termes spécifiques exprimant l’aspect principal de la charge, n’étaient pas simplement des auxiliaires ou subalternes. Les services religieux féminins formaient un ensemble complexe, diversifié mais cependant homogène et présentant une profonde cohérence. / In ancient Greece, Thessaly, Aitolia, Epiros, Macedonia, Cyclads, Aegean’s Islands and the eastern coast of Asia Minor, citizen’s wives and daughters, stem from the élite, could carry out religious functions for their people. These functions, influenced by the evolution of the society and observed from the 5th BC to the 2nd/3rd AD, were an opportunity for women to act in the public field, according to their social status, and a way to increase the value of their relatives. Many of these offices were determined by the gender and included in a women’s world. They played a part to create a greek ideal of woman, and the initiatory rites performed by their daughters contributed to carry on this image. However, all the women’s religious functions were not in this women’s world but all formed a group in which they are closely related to each other. The priestess got the most prestigious office but the others functions, usually named by a specific term which indicate its most important sight, were not just only sub-offices. All these offices were part of a complex group with some diversity and fine distinctions and it’s not easy to understand each function and its prerogatives, but this group was still homogeneous and coherent.

nÃo hà / O interesse na gestÃo de projetos à um tema em ascenÃÃo em virtude dos efeitos da globalizaÃÃo que tornou os mercados muito mais competitivos, e tÃm obrigado os Estados a modernizarem a sua administraÃÃo, buscando maior eficiÃncia e eficÃcia na sua gestÃo em virtude da crise fiscal dos Estados. Isso implica numa transformaÃÃo da forma de gerir o Estado, pois conceitos antes aplicados somente no setor privado passam a ser utilizados como benchmarks com o objetivo de modernizar e tornar o serviÃo pÃblico mais eficiente, para melhor atender Ãs necessidades da sociedade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a implantaÃÃo e a atuaÃÃo dos escritÃrios de projetos no Estado do CearÃ, procurando entender quais os fatores que motivaram essa necessidade, como os escritÃrios de projetos controlam e influenciam a gestÃo do portfÃlio de projetos, analisar os obstÃculos da sua atuaÃÃo e quais os resultados que os escritÃrios de projetos tÃm proporcionado ao Estado do CearÃ. A metodologia caracterizou-se de um estudo de caso de natureza exploratÃria e de entrevistas em profundidade. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio das entrevistas e coleta de outras informaÃÃes que foram colhidas durante as visitas ou em sites do Estado. Foram realizadas dez entrevistas com gestores da Seplag que participaram desde o inÃcio do processo de implementaÃÃo da cultura de gestÃo de projetos no Estado do Cearà que teve inÃcio em 2007. Decorrente da anÃlise dos dados, observou-se que a implementaÃÃo de uma cultura de gestÃo de projetos foi realizada como parte de uma reforma administrativa mais ampla que teve como objetivo uma melhoria do planejamento no Estado com a unificaÃÃo dos seus instrumentos de planejamento nas secretarias e a implantaÃÃo dos escritÃrios de projetos que criariam uma metodologia de gestÃo de projetos adequada Ãs necessidades do Estado para suportar a implantaÃÃo da GestÃo PÃblica por Resultados (GPR). Quanto ao controle e a influÃncia detectou-se que foram criados, um escritÃrio central que faz o papel do escritÃrio estratÃgico, escritÃrios setoriais que atuam de forma tÃtica e gestores de projetos que realizam a gestÃo operacional. Observou-se como maiores obstÃculos à atuaÃÃo dos escritÃrios de projetos, o desafio cultural, a falta de conhecimentos e experiÃncia em gestÃo de projetos e a falta de apoio por parte de alguns gestores. Como resultado, constatouse que a implementaÃÃo da cultura de gestÃo de projetos no Estado do Cearà tem trazido resultados positivos, pois tanto os gestores tem uma percepÃÃo positiva quanto à melhoria dos resultados, como tambÃm foi observado na anÃlise da GPR de algumas secretarias analisadas, que tem havido uma evoluÃÃo positiva na maioria dos indicadores no perÃodo analisado de 2007 a 2011, como resultado da implementaÃÃo de uma reforma administrativa com Ãnfase na gestÃo de projetos, o que tem permitido o alcance das metas e diretrizes estabelecidas na GPR pela Seplag e Governo. Conclui-se que mais e melhores serviÃos tÃm sido ofertados à sociedade pelo poder pÃblico, garantindo mais transparÃncia e melhores resultados no setor pÃblico. / Interest in project management is an issue on the rise due to the effects of globalization that has made them much more competitive markets, and have forced States to modernize its administration, seeking greater efficiency and effectiveness in its management due to the fiscal crisis of the states. This implies a transformation of how to manage the state as concepts before applied only in the private sector come to be used as benchmarks for the purpose of modernize and make more efficient public service, to better meet societal needs. This work aimed to study the implantation and the role of project offices in the State of CearÃ, trying to understand what factors motivated this need, such as project management offices control and influence the project portfolio management, analyze the obstacles of his performance and what results the project offices have provided the State of CearÃ. The methodology was characterized a case study of exploratory and in-depth interviews nature. Data collection was conducted through interviews and collect other information that has collected during visits or state websites. Ten interviews were conducted Seplag with managers who participated since the beginning of the process implementation of project management culture in the state of Cearà which began in 2007. As a result of analyzing the data, it was observed that the implementation of a project management culture was performed as part of a reform wider administrative aimed to help better plan in State with the unification of the planning tools in departments and implementation of project management offices that would create a management methodology suitable projects to the state needs to support the implementation of Public Management by Results (GPR). As for the control and influence was detected they were created, a central office who plays the strategic office, sectoral offices that act tactically and project managers who perform operational management. It was noted as the biggest obstacles to the office of acting projects, cultural challenge, lack of knowledge and experience in management projects and the lack of support by some managers. As a result, I was evidenced that the implementation of project management culture in the state of Cearà has brought positive results, for both managers have a positive perception as the improvement of the results, as was also observed in the analysis of GPR some departments analyzed, there have been positive developments in Most indicators in the analyzed period 2007-2011 as a result of implementation of an administrative reform with an emphasis on project management, which has allowed the achievement of goals and guidelines established by the GPR Seplag and Government. It was concluded that more and better services have been offered the society by the government, ensuring greater transparency and better results in the public sector.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:04:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao solange.pdf: 308864 bytes, checksum: 6d208eb9890e9b29544895e6ba02d4ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-20 / The aim of this analytical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dry heat as a sterilizing equipment in dental offices with regard to: the packing of the load, the time and temperature used, the use of biological and chemical monitoring in the sterilization control as well as the performing of preventive maintenance. The data were obtained from 101 dental offices in the Central District of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, through the following procedures: use of check-list and interview; checking the temperature of the dry heat and performing the biological monitoring.The results showed that most of the people in charge of the article sterilization in dry heat performed it without the folowing proceedings proclaimed by Health Ministry: adequate package disposal, monitoring by accessory thermometer, performance of indicated cycles and accomplishment of preventive maintenance. The results also showed that the most significant intervening factors for the quality of sterilization were both the no accomplishment of chamber monitoring by accessory thermometer and time/temperature relationship indicated for sterilization cycle. In addition, dry heat was not effective for 46 (45,5%) dental offfices investigated, confirming other studies which concluded that dry heat is an equipment susceptible to sterilization failure and its effectiveness is close related to the accomplishment of the proclaimed loading and sterilization which depend on human action. / Este estudo analítico objetivou avaliar a eficácia da estufa de Pasteur como equipamento esterilizante em consultórios odontológicos com relação: ao acondicionamento da carga, tempo/temperatura utilizados, uso de testes químicos e monitoramento biológico no controle da esterilização e à prática de manutenção preventiva. Os dados foram coletados em 101 consultórios odontológicos no Distrito Central de Goiânia-Goiás-Brasil, por meio dos seguintes procedimentos: uso de check-list e entrevista, aferição da temperatura da estufa de Pasteur e realização de teste com indicador biológico. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos responsáveis pela esterilização dos artigos em estufa, realizam-na sem a padronização das seguintes condutas preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS): disposição correta dos pacotes, monitoramento por termômetro acessório, realização de ciclos indicados e de manutenção preventiva. Revelaram, também, que os fatores intervenientes com maior significância à qualidade da esterilização foram: não-realização de monitoramento das câmaras por termômetro acessório e as relações tempo/temperatura indicadas para o ciclo de esterilização. Além disso, a estufa de Pasteur não foi eficaz para 46 (45,5%) consultórios odontológicos pesquisados, confirmando, outros estudos, que este equipamento é suscetível ao insucesso da esterilização e sua eficácia está intimamente relacionada ao cumprimento dos parâmetros preconizados, os quais dependem da ação humana.