Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-11-06T12:10:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cléber Alexandre Agazzi_.pdf: 3762662 bytes, checksum: 0f34e06d7787ebe4575c698c49267877 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T12:10:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cléber Alexandre Agazzi_.pdf: 3762662 bytes, checksum: 0f34e06d7787ebe4575c698c49267877 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-29 / SICREDI- Sistema de Crédito Cooperativo / A estratégia de centralização de serviços vem sendo adotada por muitas empresas como forma de organizar as atividades de back office, buscando pela redução de custos e melhoria de eficiência das operações. Essa estratégia de centralização pode seguir diferentes trajetórias, as quais variam em grau de consolidação. Seguir caminhos que levam a um nível menor de consolidação faz com que não se usufrua dos benefícios máximos do ganho de escala, um dos principais fatores para uma estratégia de eficiência em custo. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo busca compreender por que, em um sistema de cooperativas de crédito, algumas cooperativas optam por desenvolver estruturas locais para centralização de serviços, ao invés de utilizar a estrutura do centro de serviços compartilhados disponível para todo o sistema através de sua confederação, abdicando em parte dos ganhos de escala. Em caráter qualitativo-descritivo, através do estudo de caso, foram entrevistados executivos das cooperativas e da confederação e, após a análise de conteúdo, foi possível demonstrar que há racionalidade na estratégia adotada pelas cooperativas, uma vez que modelos encontrados durante a fase de revisão de literatura podem suportar essa afirmação. Além do tema central de estudo, a revisão de literatura abordou temas relacionados ao contexto em que a organização objeto do estudo está inserida, o que auxiliou na compreensão e revelou alguns fatores distintivos desse tipo de organização, os quais também geram influência sobre o cenário. Sob a perspectiva acadêmica, o estudo preenche lacunas de pesquisa quando aplica um modelo de análise desenvolvido em outro país em uma empresa privada no Brasil. Já no âmbito gerencial, fornece informações importantes e apresenta uma ferramenta que pode ser utilizada em definições estratégicas sobre centralização de serviços. / Many companies have adopted a strategy of centralized services as a way of organizing back office activities, seeking a reduction of costs and improving the overall efficiency of operations. This strategy of centralization can follow different trajectories, which vary in degree of consolidation. Following paths that lead to a lower level of consolidation means that one cannot sow the maximum gains of scale, one of the main factors of a cost efficient strategy. In this sense, the present study seeks to comprehend why, in a system of credit unions, some credit unions choose to develop local structures in order to centralize services, instead of using the structure of the shared service center (SSC) available to all the system through it’s “confederation”, abdicating in part in gains related to scale. By using a descriptive qualitative case study, executives of credit unions and of the “confederation” were interviewed and, after analyzing this content, it was possible to demonstrate that there is rationality behind the strategy adopted by the credit unions, taking into consideration that models found during the bibliographical review can support this statement. Beyond the central theme of the study, the bibliographical review addressed themes related to the context in which the object organization is inserted, which aided in the comprehension and revealed some distinct factors of this type of organization, which also influenced the scenario. Within an academic perspective, the study fills gaps of research when applying a model of analysis, developed in another country, to a private company in Brazil. In an overall perspective, the study provides important information and presents a tool that can be used in strategic definitions about centralizing services.

The other study distinguishes the effects of political connection and governmental intervention on firm value. The event study of 371 scandals from 1997 to 2004 confirms the hypothesis that governmental intervention is the de facto reason. Scandal firms controlled by the state sustain less negative cumulative abnormal returns than non-state controlled firms, because the market expects that those state controlled scandal firms will surely receive governmental bailout or support while those non-state controlled ones not. For state controlled samples, the degree of political connection does not produce any significant effect on the market reactions. For non-state controlled scandal firms, however, closely politically connected firms have more negative CAR than loosely politically connected ones. This is because the governments get away from the scandal firms in trouble, and those non-state controlled firms that once gained the governmental intervention via political connection suffer more as the support withdraws. The results highlight the effect of governmental intervention on the firm valuation, and address a misconception that political connection is the source of firm value. / The thesis includes two empirical studies concerning corporate scandals in China. One investigates the intra-industry effect of 356 scandals from 1997 to 2004. The empirical results show that contagion effect and competitive effect are conditioned by degree of industry competition and ownership type of scandal firms. Because state controlled firms dominate in most industries and share common characteristics as the legacy of planned economy, their scandals can typically reveal the industry wide information on poor corporate governance problem. In highly competitive industries, the negative information of state controlled scandal firms spills over to state controlled peers, creating net contagion (negative) effect. In low competitive industries, contagion effect is offset by competitive effect that mainly stems from non-state controlled rivals. Comparatively, non-state controlled scandal firms, because of their marginal status in the market, do not produce evident externality in the industry. This study supports the hypothesis of informational contagion effect, and contrasts with the traditional view that scandals are idiosyncratic. The conclusions in previous studies are biased because they fail to consider the role of ownership on intra-industry effects. / Zhang, Peng. / "August 2007." / Adviser: Larry H. P. Lang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3259. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Thesis deals with the patentability of an invention in terms of the law of selected countries and international law. The theoretical part contains a general introduction of patent law, its principles and differences in regulation in selected legal systems. Further analysis is focused on the regulation of conditions of patentability, namely novelty, in European law. The practical part contains an analysis of the decisions of the European Patent Office and the Industrial Property Office of the Czech Republic in selected areas of assessing the novelty of the invention. On the ground of the previous decisions will be identified the issues which are the most frequent subjects of disputes; will be pointed out the controversial decisions and will be identified the key criteria on the basis of which should be in similar disputes in the future decided.

<p>The present thesis investigates environmental factors impact on office employees. More specifically, it investigates: 1) perception and experience of office environments, 2) satisfaction with office environments, and 3) health status and job satisfaction in connection to office environment. It is based on an empirical study with 491 office employees from twenty-six companies and divisions in larger companies. Each one respectively represents one of seven identified office-types in office design: cell-office, sharedroom office, small open plan office, medium open plan office, large open plan office, flex-office and combi-office. This study takes its basis in architecture, although an interdisciplinary approach from organizational and management theory, environmental psychology, and social and stress medicine has been used. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used.</p><p> In Article I a review of the different research fields that investigate environmental influences are presented with a focus on office environments. Different perspectives on the environmental impact on office employees are investigated.</p><p>In Article II an analysis of office environment based on the employee’s perception and experience of the architecture is done based on in-depth interviews using a method originally developed by Kevin Lynch (1960). The method measures the "imagebility" of a space, rated by the users with following elements: landmark, node, path, edge and district. The result showed that the method, based on employees’ perception and use of space, is a possible tool in the design process to get a better understanding of where the elements that reinforce "imageability" most likely will appear in an office environment. The method thus gives a better idea of the future "imageability" of a space and could be useful as guidance in the design process of how the architectural design will be received by the users in the end.</p><p>In Article III employees’ satisfaction with the office environment in different office-types is investigated. The article focuses on three domains: 1) Ambient factors, 2) Noise and Privacy and 3) Designrelated factors. The statistical analysis was done using a logistic regression model with multivariate analysis. Adjustment was done for: age, gender, job rank, job satisfaction and market division. The results show differences in satisfaction with the office environment between employees in different office-types, many of which were statistically significant. When differences persist in the multivariate analysis they can possibly be ascribed to the office-type. Results show that employees in cell-offices are prominently most satisfied followed by those in flex-offices. Cell-offices rate only low on social aspects of Design-related factors. A major finding is internal differences between different office-types where employees share workspace and facilities. The medium and large open plan offices could be described as high-risk officetypes.</p><p>In Article IV differences between employees in different office-types with regard to health, wellbeing and job satisfaction are analyzed. A multivariate analysis of the data was done with adjustment for the confounders: age, gender, job rank and market division. The results show that there are risks of ill health and poor well-being in medium and small open plan offices. Employees in these office-types show significantly higher risks compared with those in other office-types. In medium open plan and combioffices the employees show the highest prevalence of low job satisfaction. The best chance for good health status and job satisfaction is among employees in cell-offices and flex-offices; there are, however, internal differences in distribution on different outcome variables for job satisfaction. The major finding of these studies is that there are significant differences with regard to satisfaction with office environments as well as health status and job satisfaction between employees in different office-types; differences that can possibly can be ascribed to the office-types as they persist after adjustment for important confounders.</p>

Texte remanié de : Dissertation : Kunstgeschichte : Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig : 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 398 - 418.

Syfte – Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka tillämpbarheten av Lean på operativt inköp samt undersöka hur detta kan tillämpas på ett tillverkande företag som arbetar med Lean i produktionen. För att besvara syftet har det brutits ned i ett delmål och en frågeställning. Delmål: Att undersöka tillämpbarheten av Lean på operativt inköp   Frågeställning: Hur kan Lean tillämpas på operativt inköp på ett företag som arbetar med Lean i produktionen? Metod – Litteraturstudier genomfördes inom områdena inköp och valda Leankoncept för att samla in teori som möjliggjorde uppfyllandet av studiens delmål. En fallstudie genomfördes för att samla in empiri som sedan jämfördes med delmålet för att besvara studiens frågeställning. Empiri samlades in genom samtal, intervjuer, dokumentstudier och observationer. Resultat – Företag som arbetar med Lean i produktionen kan tillämpa Lean på operativt inköp för att effektiviseras. Operativt inköp är en transaktionsbaserad process med information som värdeflöde. Operativt inköp bör effektiviseras i syfte att skapa ett så värdeadderande flöde som möjligt. Genom att utgå från de fyra grundområdena Filosofi, Processer, Medarbetare och partners samt Problemlösning i Lean och de tillhörande 14 principerna, skapas ett helhetsperspektiv och riktlinjer som lyfter förbättringsområden. För att realisera de 14 principerna bör metoder och verktyg anpassas efter avdelningens förutsättningar och mål. Minskade processtider för inköpsärenden, ökad flexibilitet bland inköpare och minskad stress är resultat av framgångsrikt tillämpande av Lean på operativt inköp.   Implikationer – Studiens syfte var inte att skapa ett nytt Leankoncept utan att undersöka vad inom Lean som kan tillämpas på operativt inköp för att effektiviseras. Teori inom området är nästintill obefintligt och utförandet av studien har bidragit med ny kunskap om Lean tillämpat på operativt inköp. Begränsningar – Resultatet påverkas av hur länge företag arbetat med Lean i produktionen innan Lean tillämpas på operativt inköp. Genomförande av en flerfallstudie, istället för en enfallstudie, hade gett ett mer generaliserbart resultat för företag att använda sig av med likartade förutsättningar som fallföretaget. Nyckelord – Lean Administration, Lean Office, Lean Produktion, Lean Service, operativt inköp, effektivitet / Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of Lean in operational purchasing and examine how it can be applied to a manufacturing company that is working with Lean in the production. To fulfill the purpose it has been broken down into one objective and one problem statement. Objective: Investigate the applicability of Lean on operational purchasing Problem statement: How can Lean be applied on operational purchasing in a company that works with Lean in the production? Method – Literature studies were conducted in the areas of purchasing and selected Lean Concepts to collect the theory that made it possible to answer the sub-target of the study. A case study was conducted to compare the empirical data and theory to answer the problem statement. Empirical evidence was gathered through conversations, interviews, document studies and observations. Findings – Companies working with Lean production can apply Lean on operational purchasing in order to make it more efficient. Operational purchasing is a transaction-based process with information as its value stream and operational purchasing should be streamlined in order to create as much value in the value-flow as possible. The fundamental areas in Lean are Philosophy, Processes, People and Partners, and Problem Solving and through the associated 14 principles create an overall perspective and guidelines that highlights areas for improvement. To fulfill the 14 principles, chosen methods and tools should match the department's conditions and goals. Reduced processing times for purchasing cases, increased flexibility among purchasers and reduced stress are the result of the successful application of Lean on operational purchasing. Implications – The study's purpose was not to create a new Lean concept, but to investigate what in Lean can be applied to operational purchasing to create efficiency and effectiveness in the department. Theory in the area is virtually non-existent and the execution of the study has contributed to new knowledge about Lean applied to operational purchasing. Limitations – The result is affected by how long companies have worked with Lean production before Lean is applied to operational purchasing. The use of a multi-case study, rather than a one-case study, had given a more generalizable result for companies that have the same conditions as the case company. Keywords – Lean Administration, Lean Office, Lean Production, Lean Service, operational purchasing, efficiency, effectiveness

The master paper discusses the issue of the matter of crime in cases against civil service and public interests. Criminal acts against civil service and public interests are considered to be selfish acts. In fact, the matter of crimes against civil service and public interests is an obtained or provided benefit of particular form. Master paper tries to present the matter of bribery crimes (Articles 225 – 227 of Criminal Code), attributes of the matter of abusing service for the purpose of obtaining material or other benefit (Article 228 Paragraph 2 of Criminal Code.), their general characteristics and differences, contents and effect on qualification of criminal acts. After the Republic of Lithuania regained its independence which had influence on the essential changes in economy-social relations and corresponding legislative acts, property and personal relations among people had become significantly more modern and varied. In addition, a wider range of benefit forms which could be obtained or provided in relation with position of a civil officer appeared and thus respective evaluation had to be made in respect of the matter of criminal acts specified in Part XXXIII of the Criminal Code. The author expresses reasoned opinion based on theoretical knowledge and concepts on the issue discussed. The master paper also includes the analysis of criminal proceedings, corresponding judgements and courts’ positions on the issue of the matter of crime. The author presents the... [to full text]

In its new democracy, South Africa is busy making endeavours to transform and correct the wrongs and problems of the past. In the process it is vital that obstacles to development such as corruption in the public sector should be uprooted as they inhibit quality service delivery and further damage the name of the public service.<br /> <br /> This study compares anti-corruption strategies in South Africa&rsquo / s Western and Eastern Cape provinces, in particular by looking at both the achievements and limitations that have been experienced. The focus area is the provincial administrations in both provinces. In order to contextualise the evaluation of the anti-corruption strategies pursued by the two provincial administrations, the study also includes an examination of the role of provinces in general in combating corruption.<br /> <br /> The research methods employed include a detailed survey of documentation published by the provincial governments&rsquo / anti-corruption agencies, as well as reports by civil society organizations focusing on corruption in the public sector. The study also draws on semi-structured interviews conducted with key stakeholders in the two provinces.<br /> <br /> The study concludes by summarizing the successes and limitations of the two provincial administrations in dealing with corruption. A number of practical recommendations are provided to strengthen the future design and implementation of anti-corruption strategies.<br /> The empirical research for this research report was carried out in 2003 before the national and provincial elections of 2004.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the rule breaking of Gricean conversational Maxims and how it is used in the TV series The Office. The character Dwight has been in focus, and the main goal of this study is to find out if and how he violates the Gricean Maxims in conversations. The study is based on written transcripts from four episodes of this TV series. The character Dwight's conversations from these episodes have been analyzed in order to see how one or more of the four conversational maxims (quantity, quality, manner and relation) were dealt with. The maxim that Dwight turned out to break the most was the maxim of relation. Dwight is a character that contributes to this series by repeatedly breaking the conversational maxims. / Syftet med denna studie är att analysera överträdelser av Grices samtalsmaximer och hur de används in tv-serien The Office. Karaktären Dwight är i fokus och målet med studien är att ta reda på om och hur han bryter mot Grices samtalsmaximer. Studien baseras på fyra transkriberade avsnitt från denna tv-serie. Dwights konversationer i dessa fyra olika avsnitt har analyserats för att se hur en eller flera av konversationsmaximerna (kvantitet, kvalitet, uppförande och relation) har behandlats. Den maxim som Dwight visade sig bryta mot mest var relationsmaximen. Dwight är en karaktär som bidrar till denna humorserie genom att frekvent bryta mot samtalsmaximerna.

Peripheral characters - but not low importance - the Familiares and the Comissários of the Holy Office exercised important tasks in environments of Portuguese America. They called for nominations to exercise the office in support of the Court and the monarchy, seeking various privileges by using the occupation. At the societal level, helped harden prejudices against "subaltern races", as the Jews, Moors, blacks, American Indians and mulattos, both the ideals of "purity of blood" as the stabilization of slavery and the de-monization of customs and traditions. Guarded (as we would say today) "morals and good customs " of the Roman Catholic religion and Tridentine, against attitudes like “heretical”, “demonic”, “heathen” and “idolaters “ of the lower categories mentioned above. To maintain stable governance of the monarchy, obeyed to maintain the “com-mon good” and “social order of things”, designed to avoid attitudes that could shake the “harmony” that society as a whole. Seen it all, this dissertation hopes to examine an overview of the different attitudes, conflicts, friendships, wills, “mentalities”, social agreements and actions and/or inquisitorial in the spaces of “Colonial Alagoas”, with contributors in maintaining “old Regime” orders, while they were doing and reshaping one “exclusive order”, specific site in Portuguese America. Dealing with the events and prosopography, combined with the notion of structures, mentalities and “long term”. The draft document evaluation, both in its internal speech as the conditions of external productions, it helps to think of the assumptions that the agents of the Holy Office re-produced lusos values and customs, and on the other hand produced "new" - their in-terests - in experiences and their forms of power. Sometimes obedient to the monarchy and to the Court, other not. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Personagens periféricos – mas não de baixa importância –, os Familiares e Comissários do Santo Ofício exerceram tarefas importantes nos ambientes da América portuguesa. Pediam nomeações para exercerem o ofício em prol do Tribunal e da Monarquia, visando vários privilégios com o exercício do cargo. No âmbito da sociedade, ajudavam a enrijecer preconceitos contra “raças subalternas”, como os judeus, mouros, negros, ameríndios e mulatos, tanto nos ideais da “pureza de sangue” como na estabilização da escravidão e na demonização de costumes e tradições. Resguardavam (como diríamos nos dias de hoje) “a moral e os bons costumes” da religião católica romana e tridentina contra as atitudes ditas “heréticas”, “demoníacas”, “pagãs” e “idólatras” das categorias subalternas acima citadas. Para manter estável a governabilidade da Monarquia, obedeciam a manutenção do “bem comum” e da “ordem social das coisas”, pretendendo evitar as atitudes que podiam abalar a “harmonia” daquela sociedade como um todo. Visto tudo isso, a presente dissertação espera analisar um panorama geral das diferentes atitudes, conflitos, amizades, vontades, “mentalidades”, acordos e ações sociais e/ou inquisi-toriais nos espaços de “Alagoas Colonial”, sendo contribuidores na manutenção da ordem do “Antigo Regime”, ao mesmo tempo em que faziam e remodelavam uma “ordem excludente” específica local na América portuguesa. Lidando com os acontecimentos e a prosopografia, aliada à noção de estruturas, mentalidades e longa duração, pesquisaram-se documentos da época relacionados diretamente – ou indiretamente – dos personagens trabalhados nessa pesquisa. A proposta de avaliação documental, tanto em seu discurso interno como nas condições de produções externas, ajuda a pensar nas hipóteses de que os agentes do Santo Ofício reproduziam valores e costumes lusos, e por outro lado produziam “novos” – de seus interesses – nas vivências e nas suas formas de perpetuações de poder, algumas vezes obedientes à Monarquia e ao Tribunal, outras não