This diploma thesis deals with the design of a new building of the municipal office building in Bludov, at the level of design documentation for the construction. The building consists mainly of offices for the operation of the municipal office, on the first floor there is a municipal library for the public. The building is designed on a slightly sloping plot with entrance from the east side. The building consists of three above-ground floors and one underground floor. Design documentation for building construction is processed in the computer program ArchiCAD.

This thesis is concerned with cost optimization, choosing the right technology to facilitate the work of management and employees in the company and also improve their financial aspects. From a theoretical point of view describes the work area with a focus on Office 2010 and Office 365 and implementing a related technology. It also states the benefits of choosing one of these office packages. The own solution then presents the information systém tools - office suite and the advantages and disadvantages of each implemented solution.

Cette thèse porte sur les marchés de bureaux en Europe au travers de différentes perspectives. Dans une première partie, nous étudions les effets des politiques monétaires non conventionnelles sur le marché des bureaux. Tout d’abord, nous analysons les effets de l’offre de monnaie sur la dynamique du marché des bureaux londoniens puis sur les principaux marchés européens. Nous trouvons que l’offre de monnaie a un effet positif sur les prix des bureaux suite à une augmentation de la demande. Ces résultats sont attendus théoriquement suite au développement d’un modèle théorique IS-LM de MundellFleming. Cependant, cet effet est fortement hétérogène en Europe avec une plus grande capacité pour les principaux marchés à capturer l’afflux des capitaux. Enfin, nous analysons les dynamiques des valeurs locatives en Europe en utilisant une modélisation à deux niveaux : à un niveau pan-européen et à un niveau local. Nos résultats montrent que même si l’Europe tend à être considérée comme une union fédérale, les marchés immobiliers possèdent toujours une hétérogénéité importante qui doit être étudiée par les investisseurs. / This thesis studies the European office market through different perspectives. In the first part, we study the effects of the unconventional monetary policies on the office market. First, we analyse the effect of the money supply on the dynamics of the London office market and then, on the main office markets across Europe. We find that the money supply has a positive effect on the office prices through an increase of the demand. This result confirms our theoretical expectations based on a IS-LM Mundell-Fleming framework. We find also an important heterogeneity across the European markets, with the biggest ones that have more benefited from QE policies and the others that were not able to attract the available liquidities. Finally, we analyse the dynamics of the rental values across the main office markets in Europe using a twostage modelling: at a Pan-European level and at a local level. Our results highlight that, even if Europe could be considered as a federal union, real estate markets still have important heterogeneities that need to be studied by investors.

Dès les premiers jours de la Libération, de nombreux films sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale vont être projetés dans les salles de cinéma françaises. Entre la fin de l’année 1944 et 1950, ce sont 302 films qui prennent le conflit comme sujet. Pourtant, ces films qui sortent en France ne sont pas issus des mêmes pays, ne datent pas tout à fait de la même période, et n’abordent pas la guerre de la même façon. Surtout, ces films ne vont pas traiter des mêmes victimes de la guerre. Il y a des différences importantes entre une chronique française de l’Occupation, un film de guerre américain, la vision du retour des prisonniers italiens, une histoire de résistants soviétiques ou le récit de vie de citoyens britanniques. Le public français et la presse de l’époque qui commente ces sorties ne reçoivent pas ces différentes visions de la Seconde Guerre mondiale de la même façon. Étudier ces films et l’accueil qui leur a été réservé au lendemain du conflit permet de mieux comprendre la mise en place d’une mythologie de l’évènement en France. Mon étude analyse en trois parties ces représentations des différentes victimes de la guerre, et leur réception dans l’immédiat après-guerre. La première présente les concepts théoriques de l’histoire au cinéma, et l’histoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale telle qu’elle est visible durant la période, en prenant en compte des statistiques générales élaborées pour cette étude. Les deux parties suivantes proposent des études de cas, sélectionnés pour leur représentativité. On se concentre d’abord sur les différents types de victimes combattantes – les militaires à la guerre, les militaires hors du front, les résistants et enfin les espions et assimilés. Ensuite, on étudie les victimes non-combattantes – les civils occupés, les civils libres, les prisonniers et déportés, les prisonniers de retour, les Juifs et victimes de l’antisémitisme et enfin les enfants. / In the immediate aftermath of the French liberation, theaters across the country began to project movies centered around the recent conflict. Between 1944 and 1950, World War II was the central theme of more than 302 films. However, these films came from different countries; they were not produced at the exact same time; they did not depict the conflict through the same angle; and more importantly, they did not cover the same class of war victims. Wide differences exist between a French chronicle of the Occupation and a U.S. war movie, a depiction of the homecoming of Italian prisoners and the story of soviet resistance or a narration of British citizens’ everyday life during the war. At the time, the response of the French audience and critics to these diverse movie releases varied greatly too. By studying these movies and their reception at the time of their releases, the present study informs our understanding of the emergence of the French mythology surrounding this major conflict. In three chapters, I analyze the cinematographic depictions of various groups of war victims in movies of this era, as well as the audience and critics’ response at the time. In the first chapter, I describe the theoretical underpinnings of the cinema history, as well as the narration of World War II as presented by these movies, using statistics specifically collected for this study. The two following chapters offer a series of representative case studies. I first focus on different groups of victims actively involved in the conflict: militaries on and off the front-lines, members of the resistance, and spies and assimilated individuals. I then study the non-fighting victims: civilians under the occupation, civilians living in the free zone, homecoming prisoners, members of the Jewish community and other victims of antisemitism, and finally, the children.

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Activity Based Workplaces (ABW) is the latest trend within the office layout for knowledge workers. The design and layout of an activity based workplace is based on the worker's need to carry out different tasks, in the most efficient way. In order to achieve that the office is divided into different zones and the workers doesn't have a private work-station. The biggest advantage with ABW is a space efficient working environment that promotes knowledge- and information sharing within the company’s different departments. The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate how to implement Activity Based Workplaces in an efficient way. In order to do that a literature review on existing research and a qualitative study have been carried out. The qualitative study is based on interviews with key persons at five different companies that have implemented ABW or had the intention to do so. The transition to ABW have been studied in three different blocks; the decision process, the implementation process and the outcome and user perspective. The analysis of the results from the qualitative study shows that the transition includes a lot of different challenges. One of the biggest challenge that the management has to overcome is to assure the co-workers that the implementation of an Activity Based Workplace will bring positive effects to the company. In order to achieve that it is important that the management acquires the right knowledge to successfully handle the implementation and is able to create a clear strategy of how to do so. During the process it is important to involve the co-workers in order to identify their needs. After all it is the co-workers who carry out the activities that the workplace is supposed to support. The involvement of the co-workers will also create a more positive attitude towards the concept of ABW. After the implementation of the Activity Based Workplace the challenge lies within the ability to constantly adapt and develop the office space after the changing needs of the company and its co-workers. The co-workers changing needs are hard to identify in advance, therefore it is important to adapt the workplace when these needs are identified. The demand for space efficient offices will grow in the future and in comparison to a traditional office space layout, we believe the Activity Based Workplace allows for a workplace better suited for the needs of the company and its co-workers. / Aktivitetsbaserade arbetsplatser (förkortas ABW) är den hetaste kontorstrenden för tillfället. Konceptet ABW bygger på att utforma kontoret och dess arbetsplatser utifrån personalens behov. På ett aktivitetsbaserat kontor ska personalens arbetsuppgifter styra valet av arbetsplats och personalen har därför inga fasta arbetsplatser. De stora fördelarna med ABW är en förbättrad och mer yteffektiv arbetsmiljö som främjar informations- och kunskapsutbyte mellan ett företags eller en organisations olika avdelningar. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur aktivitetsbaserade arbetsplatser kan implementeras på ett effektivt sätt. Syftet har besvarats genom en litteraturstudie, bestående av aktuell forskning inom området, samt en kvalitativ empirisk studie av fem stycken företag som antingen har implementerat ABW eller haft för avsikt att göra detta. Hos dessa fem företag har olika nyckelpersoner intervjuats kring konceptet ABW. Övergången till ABW har studerats ur tre block; beslutsprocessen, implementeringsprocessen samt resultat och användarperspektiv. Analysen av resultaten från den empiriska studien visar att utmaningarna vid en implementering av ett aktivitetsbaserat kontor är många. En av de största utmaningarna är att företagets ledning lyckas övertyga personalen om att ett aktivitetsbaserat kontor kommer att gynna verksamheten och skapa en arbetsmiljö som på ett bättre sätt tillgodoser medarbetarnas behov. För att lyckas med detta krävs det att ledningen på företaget tillskansar sig kunskap om vad ABW är för någonting och har en tydlig strategi kring hur implementeringen ska genomföras. Under implementeringsprocessen är det viktigt att låta personalen vara delaktig för att på bästa sätt kunna tillgodose deras behov. Att låta personalen vara delaktig i processen resulterar också i en högre acceptans gentemot det nya aktivitetsbaserade konceptet. Efter implementeringen av det aktivitetsbaserade kontoret ligger utmaningen i att fortsätta utveckla kontoret. Personalens behov förändras med tiden och det kan även vara svårt att på förhand tillgodose samtliga behov vilket innebär att ett kontinuerligt utvärderingsarbete av kontorets layout är viktigt. En implementering av ABW är ingen punktinsats som avslutas efter flytten till det nya kontoret. Efterfrågan på yteffektiva kontor kommer i framtiden att öka och i jämförelse med ett traditionellt öppet kontorslandskap skapar ABW en arbetsmiljö som vi tror på ett bättre sätt tillgodoser företagens och dess personals behov.

This Master Thesis, inspired by the relevance that home-offices have assumed as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, originated from the architectural, quantitative, and qualitative analysis of lighting within the author’s student accommodation on KTH Main Campus, in Stockholm (Sweden). As a matter of fact, this background study proved that recommended lighting levels (Illuminance, Contrast Ratio, CCT, CRI, M-EDI, and DER values) were not met, making the space unsuitable and unhealthy to both live and work in. Moreover, evaluating individual lighting preferences, it was demonstrated that flexibility, customizability, and adaptability to daylighting and tasks are fundamental requirements for working from home.Considering the temporary nature of students’ leases, the idea of developing an inexpensive and easily assemblable kit of smart products, aimed at improving lighting in dormitories, came quite naturally.To study the implementation of visual comfort and focus on tasks, literature review, market analysis, quantitative measurements, and hands-on experiments were carried on.Thus, with the gained knowledge and experience, the Home-Office Lighting Kit, an array of commercially available sockets, shades, and smart sources, supporting circadian rhythm and individual preferences, was proposed. Along with it, instructions on set-up and scenarios were provided.Although the overall conclusion was that the market needs products with a better balance between price, sturdiness, and reliability, the lighting conditions within the case study space were substantially improved, making other students interested in doing the same.Eventually, interesting cues for the sector’s development were proposed.

The contemporary office environment is facing new type of challanges both when it comes to be an attractive place for employees and an efficiant, as well as an econommic sustainable space from an employer's perspective. The rapid change of of hybrid ways of working is creating more remote contact with with the physical office. Research points out that there could be social consequences connected to this. This thesis sees the contemporary office as a potential space for enabling contacts between people, normaly not meeting, being in their personal sphere.  The thesis introduces findings connected to research in the field of spatial and urban design as well as architecture, developing a spatial guideline, in how to enable those situations in an office environment.  With help of literature as well as expertise in the field, and an observation of an activity-based office environment different themes is deceted and presented. The outcome of used methods is captured with analyses connected to the connected themes.  Concrete examples in how to enable social contact situations and support informal meetings is visualized in a spatial guideline.

Avvikelser i ett byggprojekt leder till bland annat förseningar. De kan även leda till för tidigt avslutadeaktiviteter. Oavsett blir detta ett problem då kontraktstiden för underentreprenörer är bestämda.Vad detta betyder är att blir en underentreprenör färdig för tidigt kommer det finnas en tidbuffert itidplan mellan färdig- och nästa aktivitet. Detta anses som en kostnad eftersom det inte utförs någotarbete. Blir en underentreprenör sen med färdigställande av en aktivitet blir detta ocksåproblematiskt då detta skjuter fram aktiviteter på den kritiska linjen. Förutsatt att de aktiviteternaligger på den kritiska linjen. Det ska förtydligas att fler former av avvikelser finns. Bland annatfelleverans, försenad transport, oförutsedda hinder under produktion m.m. En metod att åskådliggöra avvikelser tidigt efter initiering är att kontinuerligt under produktion följaupp aktiviteter med hjälp av mängdgrafer. Mängdgrafer är diagram som visar byggd mängd pertidsenhet och kumulativ byggd mängd. De ger en visuell bild över hur produktionen ligger till inuläget och med hjälp av dessa kan beslut fattas om ändringar i produktionen för att projektet skatidsmässigt åter hamna i fas. Mängdgrafer kommer i tre former. Planerade-, aktuella- &prognostiserade mängdgrafer. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur BIM-verktyg under projektering kan stödja ettprojekt under produktion genom att förutse avvikelser. Ifall avvikelser upptäcks tidigt kan resurserjusteras eller arbetstider ändras för att projektet färdigställs enligt tidplan. Studien visar att mängdgraferna kan utvecklas relativt enkelt men det krävs väl genomtänktplanering och struktur på arbetet. Det rekommenderas att samordna en bra arbetsmetod för helaarbetet från början till slut genom att ha en samordnare som styr över modellen men också andratjänstemän som känner till programmet tillräckligt bra för att stötta och avlasta samordnaren vidbehov. Studien visar också att det är viktigt att modellutvecklare levererar modellen med bra ochstrukturerad namnbeteckning för objekten. Detta för att enklare kunna koppla KPI-tal till korrektmängdgraf. CoClass-klassifikationssystem (projektnamn BSAB 2.0) borde ligga till grund förnamngivning av objekt. / Deviations in a construction project lead to delays. They can also lead to prematurely completed activities. In any case, this will be a problem since the contract period for subcontractors is determined. What this means is that if a subcontractor completes its task prematurely, there will be a time buffer in the timetable between completed and next activity. This is considered a cost because no work is being done. If a subcontractor completes an activity late, this is also problematic as it displaces activities on the critical line. If the activities are on the critical line. It should be clarified that more types of deviations exist. Including delivery, delayed transport, unforeseen obstructions during production, etc. One method of avoiding deviations is to continuously monitor production activities using quantity take-off graphs. These graphs are charts showing built-up amount per unit of time and cumulative built-up amount. They give a visual picture of the state of production, and from there, decisions can be made about changes in production so that the project will follow the time schedule again. Quantity take-off charts come in three forms. Planned, actual & forecast quantity take-off graphs. The purpose of this degree project is to investigate how BIM tools during design phase can support a project under production phase by predicting deviations. If deviations are early discovered, resources can be adjusted or working hours changed to complete the project according to time schedule. The study shows that the quantity graphs can be developed relatively easily, but well thought out planning and structure are required. It is recommended to coordinate a good working method for the entire work from start to finish by having a coordinator who controls the model but also other officials who know the program well enough to support and relieve the coordinator if necessary. The study also shows that it is important that model developers deliver the model with a good and structured designation of object. This is easier to connect KPI-numbers to the correct quantity takeoff graph. CoClass classification system (project name BSAB 2.0) should be used as the basis for naming of objects.

Einleitung: Hybride Arbeit im Home-Office – das neue Normal? Die pandemische Lage der vergangenen Jahre hat im Zuge der Verbreitung des COVID-19 Virus die Bedeutung der technisch vermittelten Zusammenarbeit über Kommunikationsnetze noch einmal deutlich herausgestellt. Wo immer möglich, war die Reaktion auf die mit dem Virus verbundenen Gesundheitsgefahren und die damit verbundenen gesetzlichen Auflagen der Regierung, ein technikbasiertes Zusammenarbeiten auf Distanz. Die Arbeit aus dem Home-Office (HO) erlangte eine nie da gewesene Verbreitung, um die Geschäftsprozesse am Laufen zu halten und das Funktionieren der Organisation sicherzustellen. Eine repräsentative Umfrage nach anderthalb Jahren Pandemie zeigte, dass mittlerweile ein Drittel aller Beschäftigten im HO arbeiteten (Bonin et al., 2020), wobei diese Zahl in manchen Berufen und zu späteren Zeitpunkten mit 49 % noch deutlich höher lag (Herrmann & Frey Cordes, 2021). Nach nunmehr mehr als 3 Jahren Pandemie und der Rücknahme des Zwangs zum HO durch die Gesetze und Auflagen der Exekutive, stellt sich die Frage nach einem möglichen (hybriden) „New Normal“ (Bailey & Breslin, 2021). Eine Rückkehr zum vor-pandemischen Modus ist unwahrscheinlich und wird von der Mehrheit der Beschäftigten abgelehnt, wie aktuelle Zahlen aus den USA zeigen: 4 von 10 Beschäftigten würden nach dem Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes kündigen, wenn ihr Arbeitgeber die Rückkehr zur 5-Tage Office Woche einfordern würde. Auf der anderen Seite würde mehr als die Hälfte (55 %) einen Jobwechsel in Betracht ziehen, wenn dieser mit der (neuen) Möglichkeit verbunden wäre 2 bis 3 Tage im HO zu arbeiten (Barrero et al., 2021).