Le processus S&OP est souvent considéré comme un processus d'alignement de l'offre et de la demande dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement simples et linéaires, avec un seul marché et une seule usine. Les entreprises multinationales présentent aujourd'hui des configurations de chaînes d'approvisionnement plus complexes possédant des usines spécialisées qui desservent plusieurs marchés. Ce papier analyse comment les entreprises multinationales configurent leurs processus de gouvernance S&OP pour relier les usines et les marchés, ainsi que l'influence de cette gouvernance sur leur capacité à obtenir un alignement entre l'offre, la demande, et les plans financiers. Au travers d'entretiens menés avec des entreprises, une typologie est définie pour les modèles de gouvernance S&OP observés. Cette typologie suggère qu'un type de gouvernance S&OP exerçant une autorité, à la fois dans les usines et dans les marchés, conduit à des résultats S&OP plus probants. Un lien est également établi entre l'efficacité des S&OP et les mesures formelles d'alignement pour la planification financière. A partir de ceci, les éléments de Contrôle de Gestion sont précisés pour permettre la conceptualisation des S&OP en reconnaissant l'influence de la comptabilité sur la gouvernance du processus S&OP pour assurer la transparence et l'engagement multifonctionnel dans les contextes de la chaîne d'approvisionnement multinationale. Il en découle quatre règles normatives pour la réussite de la gouvernance et de l'alignement du processus S&OP dans un contexte de configuration de la chaîne d'approvisionnement multinationale. / S&OP is often seen as a process for alignment between supply and demand in simple, linear supply chains with one market and one factory. Multinational firms today have more complex supply chain configurations that have specialized factories serving multiple markets. This research explores how multinational companies configure their S&OP governance linking factories and markets and the influence this governance bas on their ability to obtain alignment between supply, demand and financial plans. Through company interviews, a typology for observed S&OP governance models is developed., and suggests that an S&OP governance type exerting authority simultaneously into both factories and markets leads to more successful S&OP outcomes. A link is also drawn between S&OP effectiveness and forma! policies for alignment with financial planning. From this, elements of Management Control are deployed as a framework to furthering S&OP conceptualization by recognizing the influence of accounting on S&OP governance in achieving transparency and multi-functional engagement in multinational supply chain contexts. The result is four normative rules for successful S&OP governance and alignment within a multinational supply chain configuration context.

The overview of solved problems is focused on human resources and education. The role of education in regional development, the role of human resources in economic growth and the support of education through public expenditure programs and measure 1.1 of OP HRE are described. Methods of assessing the education and economic performance of the regions are characterized. The theoretical part of the thesis concludes the knowledge economy and education in the context of the problematic of Industry 4.0. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the educational structure of the population of the Czech Republic and its links with the support of employee training in companies within the area of support 1.1 OP HRE in the period 2007 - 2013 and with the development of regions. Part of the thesis is to capture GDP in individual regions of the Czech Republic in 2005 - 2014. The theoretical work contribution reflects the analysis performed and confirms that the leading positions in the volume of depleted financial resources provided by the 1.1 OP HRE belongs to a structurally problematic and at the same time educationally weak regions. The practical benefits of this thesis are the use of knowledge in the area of corporate education and regional development in the programming period of 2014 - 2020.

xiii, 188 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Beethoven's last five string quartets have engaged the imagination and curiosity of performers, listeners, and critics at a level that has rarely been touched in the world of chamber music, or beyond. Throughout the late quartets' history, musicians have scrutinized the works in search of a logic that might demystify their stylistic and structural peculiarities. This present study continues this pursuit as it examines analytically (through Schenkerian techniques) the harmonic, contrapuntal, and motivic procedures in Beethoven's last complete composition, the String Quartet in F major, op. 135. Most of the published analytical commentaries on the F major quartet approach the work more or less exclusively from a motivic standpoint. Arnold Schoenberg (1941), Rudolf Reti (1951), Deryck Cooke (1963), and Christopher Reynolds (1988) have all praised op. 135 for its highly unified motivic structure; what their studies show--at least in a general sense--is that there is undoubtedly a motivic strategy that ties much of op. 135 together. But what are we to do when the details of one motivic reading opposes another? Or what if a particular reading contradicts the way we understand a passage aurally (which happens often when the proposed reading is incongruous with the music's harmonic-contrapuntal structure)? What criteria should we use to evaluate a motivic analysis? Clearly, we need a set of principles and standards that will help answer these questions and advance us beyond mere intuition. The position taken in this study echoes John Rothgeb's argument that "proposed thematic relationships must bear scrutiny in the light of the Schenkerian theory of structural strata," and that incompatible readings should be "dismissed as spurious" (1983, 42). In the pages that follow, Schenkerian approach is adopted to help assess existing motivic readings of op. 135 within the requisite contexts of harmony and voice leading. The method is also used to help generate a rational, hearable analysis that reveals motivic relationships that reside at deeper, hidden levels of structure. / Adviser: Jack Boss

[pt] O processo de S e OP (Planejamento de Vendas e Operações) é um importante processo para ampliar a competitividade de uma empresa em sua área de atuação, utilizada pela maioria das empresas brasileiras. Esse processo tem como finalidade o alinhamento vertical (estratégias e objetivos, planos de ação) e horizontal (entre as áreas funcionais) da empresa, contribuindo para que os gestores tenham uma visão ampla de todas as áreas. O principal benefício do processo é a integração das áreas funcionais da empresa, proporcionando o equilíbrio da cadeia logística através do balanço entre a oferta e a demanda entre as áreas, desde o cliente final até o fornecedor. A tese apresentada tem como objetivo analisar a prática do processo de sales and operations planning (S e OP), em uma empresa de varejo brasileira. A dissertação baseou-se em estudo de caso, aonde foi realizada uma revisão de literatura dos conceitos, frameworks e modelos de maturidades. Seguido por coleta de dados em campo através de entrevistas, observação das práticas, análise de documentos e ferramentas com os gestores que participaram do S e OP da empresa em 2015. Por fim, análise do conteúdo que permitiu apresentar o processo de S e OP da empresa, as recomendações importantes para evolução do mesmo e também identificar pontos inicialmente subestimados pelo estudo. / [en] The S and OP (Sales and Operations Planning) process is an important process used in leading Brazilian companies with the objective of increasing their competitiveness in their markets. This process has the purpose of vertical (Strategies and objectives, action plans) and horizontal (among functional areas) alignment of the company, allowing managers to have a broad vision of all áreas. The main benefits of process is the integration of the functional áreas of the company, providing a balance in the logistics chain, and balancing the supply and demand between areas from the end customer to the vendor. The thesis presented aims to analyse the practice of the sales and operations planning (S and OP), in a Brazilian retail company. The dissertation was based on a case study in which a literature review of concepts, frameworks and maturity models was carried out. It followed data collection in the field through interviews, observation of practices, analysis of documents and tools with managers who participated in the S and OP of the company in 2015. Finally, content analysis presented the company s S and OP process and recommendations and also identified points initially underestimated by the study.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5934.pdf: 49332420 bytes, checksum: e5178b9bf68401e64db5106ee1ede9d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / Despite the process of S&OP (Sales and Operations Planning) is not a new practice in enterprises, especially those of large size, it still deficiency studies in their practices and computational tools support. This happens because it is a complex process where the majority of the representatives managerial of organizational functions participating in the execution, with each trying to contribute to define a coordinated plan of actions for a period of short, medium and long term. Computational models and tools focused to aid the process of S & OP are used and can contribute to improving the quality of its implementation and results. The most common tools are those based on spreadsheets, whose content is generated through the expertise of the decision makers, and more sophisticated techniques are based on techniques of the operational research inserted in Advanced Planning Systems (APS), whose analytical models seek to generate optimized plans. From the literature review on the computational techniques used to aid the S&OP process, was identified the lack of studies related to the use of System Dynamics. Additionally, the review indicates the need for studies related to the integration of economic and financial analysis during the preparation of aggregates plans and the use of probabilistic variables in the process enabling the statistical analysis in order to provide plans more realistic. Another relevant issue observed is that managers involved in the process S&OP does not always have a global vision of all variables and constraints involved in this process, so it is also observed that the techniques and tools used to implement the S&OP process does not provide a holistic view of activities and variables involved. Thus, the aim of this work is to develop a simulation model of System Dynamics which provides a holistic vision for the S&OP process, allowing the integration of finance processes and the use of probabilistic variables. The research method used was based on a qualitative and quantitative approach procedure with modeling / simulation. Thus, the aim of the research is to develop a simulation model of System Dynamics to assist the S & OP process. The research method used was based on a qualitative and quantitative approach with modeling / simulation procedure. The simulation model based on the methodology of system dynamics for the S & OP process was developed and analyzed in illustrative cases, performed in two companies with feature make to stock (MTS). Simulations of illustrative cases were conducted by a design of experiment (DOE) to select and evaluate a set of scenarios, determining the best scenario and checking the adequacy with practice of companies. A evaluation of the use and results of simulations in both cases shows that the system dynamics model improves the understanding of the managements on all activities involved in the S&OP process, as well provides a holistic view of all areas involved. The simulations provides compatible plans compared with business practice, with the advantage of dealing with economic and financial analysis simultaneously and allow the generation of numerous scenarios of S&OP plans. / Apesar do processo de S&OP (Sales and Operations Planning) não ser uma prática nova nas empresas, principalmente naquelas de grande porte, ele ainda carece de estudos nas suas práticas e ferramentas computacionais de apoio. Isso decorre por ser um processo complexo onde a maioria dos representantes gerenciais das funções organizacionais participa da sua execução, com cada um tentando contribuir para definir um planejamento coordenado de ações para um período de curto, médio e longo prazo. Modelos e ferramentas computacionais focadas para o auxílio no processo de S&OP são utilizadas e podem contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade da sua execução e dos seus resultados. As ferramentas mais comuns são aquelas baseadas em planilhas eletrônicas, cujo conteúdo é gerado por meio do conhecimento especializado dos tomadores de decisão, e as mais sofisticadas, são baseadas em técnicas de pesquisa operacional inseridas em sistemas APS (Advanced Planning Systems), cujos modelos analíticos procuram gerar planos otimizados. A partir da revisão bibliográfica realizada sobre as técnicas computacionais usadas para o auxílio do processo S&OP, foi identificada a ausência de estudos relacionados ao uso de Dinâmica de Sistemas. Adicionalmente, a revisão aponta a necessidade de estudos relacionados à integração de análise econômica e financeira durante a elaboração dos planos agregados e o uso de variáveis probabilísticas no processo que possibilitem a análise estatística no sentido de fornecer planos mais confiáveis. Outra questão relevante observada é que os gestores que participam do processo S&OP nem sempre tem uma visão global de todas variáveis e restrições envolvidas neste processo, assim observa-se também que as técnicas e ferramentas utilizadas para execução do processo de S&OP não oferecem uma visão holística das atividades e variáveis envolvidas. Com isso, o objetivo da pesquisa é desenvolver um modelo de Simulação de Dinâmica de Sistemas que proporcione uma visão holística para o processo de S&OP e que permita a integração com os processos da área financeira e o uso de variáveis probabilísticas. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi baseado em uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa com procedimento modelagem/simulação. O modelo de simulação baseado na metodologia da dinâmica de sistemas para o processo de S&OP foi elaborado e analisado em casos ilustrativos, realizados em duas empresas com característica de produção para estoque (MTS). As simulações dos casos ilustrativos foram conduzidas por um projeto de experimento (DOE) para selecionar e avaliar um conjunto de cenários, determinando o melhor cenário e verificando a adequação com a prática das empresas. A avaliação do uso e dos resultados das simulações realizadas nos dois casos aponta que o modelo de dinâmica de sistemas melhora a compreensão dos gestores sobre todas as atividades envolvidas no processo de S&OP, como também fornece uma visão holística de todas as áreas envolvidas. A simulação gera planos compatíveis comparados com a prática empresarial, com a vantagem de tratar a análise econômica e financeira simultaneamente e possibilitar a geração de inúmeros cenários de planos de S&OP.

O contexto de elevada competitividade empresarial resulta em aumento das exigências por eficiência operacional, como redução dos níveis de estoques e melhoria nos níveis de serviço oferecido aos clientes. Desta forma as decisões tomadas no planejamento tático das companhias ganham complexidade e criticidade. Neste contexto há uma demanda por parte das empresas pela implantação de sistemas de apoio à decisão cada vez mais robustos. É neste cenário que a aplicação de APS no processo de S&OP adquire grande relevância, motivando o entendimento das melhorias trazidas ao processo de planejamento pela ferramenta. Este trabalho foi então norteado por duas questões de pesquisa: quais são os benefícios trazidos para o S&OP com a utilização de APS e quais são os fatores críticos para o sucesso da implantação deste sistema. Para isso, foi feito um estudo de caso em uma empresa que representa bem o contexto desta pesquisa, trata-se de uma grande empresa de lácteos da indústria alimentícia brasileira. Inserida em um setor com elevada competição de mercado e margens de lucro estreitas, há na empresa em questão uma grande necessidade de operar de maneira eficiente. Esta empresa possui múltiplas plantas industriais e passou recentemente pela implantação de um APS para suporte ao seu processo de S&OP, que é responsável pelo planejamento tático integrado da companhia. Como resultado desta pesquisa, identificaram-se os principais benefícios do APS ao processo de S&OP: uma maior confiança e assertividade no processo de planejamento e um melhor balanceamento de estoques em toda cadeia desta empresa. O projeto de implantação passou por algumas dificuldades que atrasaram o cronograma estabelecido, estes pontos merecem ser apontadas como os principais fatores críticos para o sucesso: é importante que o projeto conte com o apoio de toda alta gerência. Quanto à disponibilidade dos dados para desenvolvimento do sistema, é necessário que a empresa tenha processos transacionais integrados para permitir a padronização das informações, além de ser fundamental para o projeto que as pessoas envolvidas na implantação estejam disponíveis para trabalharem com foco no projeto. / Extreme business competition results in increased demands for operational efficiency, such as reducing inventory levels and improving the quality of services offered to customers. Consequently, the decisions in the companies tactical planning gain complexity and criticality. There is a demand by firms for the implementation of increasingly robust decision-support systems. The application of Advanced Planning Systems (APS) in the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process is, then, of utmost importance, motivating the understanding of improvements this tool may add to planning. This dissertation is structured around two research questions: which benefits the use of APS brings to the S&OP, and what are the critical factors for the successful implementation of this system. A case study has been conducted in a company that suits the research: one of the major dairy companies in the Brazilian food industry. Placed in a sector with high market competition and narrow profit margins, one may note the great need the company in question has to operate efficiently. This firm owns several plants and has recently been through the implementation of an APS to support its S&OP process, which is responsible for the integrated tactical planning of the company. The research has identified the main benefits of the APS to the S&OP process: greater confidence and accuracy in planning, and better balancing of inventory throughout the whole firm chain. The deployment project went through specific difficulties that delayed its schedule. Those difficulties should be highlighted as the main critical factors to success, indicating it is important that the project be fully supported by all senior managers. Regarding the availability of data for system development, it is necessary that the company integrate transactional processes, allowing the standardization of information; besides, it is fundamental that the personnel involved in the implementation of the project be available to focus on it.

Denna rapport handlar om en användbarhetsutvärdering av synthesizern OP-1, utvecklad av företaget Teenage Engineering. Studien är kvalitativ och undersöker bara den omedelbara användarupplevelsen av produkten. Rapporten baseras på resultat från ett antal användbarhetstester, utförda på företaget i fråga. Användbarhetstesterna avser att undersöka hur en användare kan förstå hur OP-1:s kan användas och hur de kan förstår dess olika lägen och vidare på vilket sätt detta påverkar den initiala användarupplevelsen. Totalt nio av fjorton tillfrågade personer har ingått i användbarhetstesterna. Urvalsgruppen bestod av personer med tidigare, dock varierande mängd, erfarenhet av synthesizers. I den teoretiska referensramen förenas Jonas Löwgren och Erik Stoltermans brukskvalitetsteorier tillsammans med valda delar av Donald Normans ” Seven Stages of Actions as Design Aids”. Resultatet visar att användarna snabbt kommer igång med synthesizerns grundläggande funktioner. Samtliga användare tycker att OP-1 är estetiskt tilltalande, underhållande och uppskattar dess portabla format, med vilket de ser användningsområden i både resor och livesammanhang. Användarna anser också att de inte alltid måste förstå synthesizerns grafiska element, på display eller knappar, då detta tydliggörs efter användning av produkten. Användarna visar svårigheter med funktioner som pattern sequencer och viss redigering i tape. Vidare har de även ibland svårt att förstå i vilket mode som synthesizern befinner sig i. Samtliga användbarhetstester utfördes på en pre-betaversion av OP-1. Den slutgiltiga versionen av synthesizern har uppdaterats utefter resultaten från den här undersökningen. / This report is based on results given from usability testing of the synthesizer OP-1 developed by the company Teenage Engineering. The study has involved potential end users during the development process and aims only to look at the first experience the user gets from the interaction with the synthesizer. The meaning of the usability tests is to find out how the user can understand how to use OP-1, how intuitive the different modes are and how this affects the initial user experience. Nine people, out of a total amount of fourteen asked, participated in these usability tests. The selection of participants is based on their previous knowledge and experience of synthesizers. The theoretical frame of reference includes Jonas Löwgren and Erik Stoltermans theories of use qualities and are combined with chosen parts of Donald Normans ” Seven Stages of Actions as Design Aids”. The shown results indicate that the users quickly understand how to use the basic modes and features of the synthesizer. All of the participated users think OP-1 is entertaining, finds the design of OP-1 attractive and appriciates its portability, in which they see potential for both travelling and live performances. The users do not always fully understand the graphical elements but reckon that it is not always necessary to, neither in the display, nor on the buttons, since this clearifies after further usage. The users show some difficulties interacting with functions such as the pattern sequencer and some editing in tape mode. The users also sometimes show difficulties determining which mode the synthesizer is in. All of the usability tests were performed on a pre beta version of the OP-1. The final version of the synthesizer has been updated with changes influenced by the results of this report.

This thesis focuses on the late work of painter František Hudeček and on development of variety relationships of his work with past and current period demands. It focuses especially on the situation of sixties as well and characterises the position of author on the period art scene and his participation in art groups.

Adulé ou détesté, l’op art a marqué les esprits par son incroyable réception populaire. Damiers à renflements, moirage, jeux de trompe-l’œil, clignotements épileptiques… Avec son insatiable appétit scopique, cette avant-garde a fait l’objet de nombreux réemplois dans la publicité, le design, la mode, à la télévision, et plus que jamais au cinéma. Art de l’œil et du mouvement, sa géométrie illusionniste avait matière à s’y épanouir – la moindre caméra décuple ses vertus de métamorphose. A l’inverse, ses gadgets sophistiqués ont sublimé à moindre coût les décors de science-fiction, son économie pulsatile a piloté des mises en scène d’horreur et de suspense, et le cinéma réaliste en a fait un puissant miroir de la société. Pourtant, l’histoire de l’art a longtemps ignoré voir blâmé ces reprises. Comme à l’époque, on les ravalait au rang de la récupération. C’étaient sinon le symptôme d’un art décérébré, décadent, vulgairement rétinien. Il importe aujourd’hui de les reconsidérer. Comment ces « œuvres de prolongement » travaillent les imaginaires de l’op art ? Au cours de ses réemplois, que perd et gagne une œuvre d’art ? A travers trois capitales, Paris, Londres et Rome, cet essai décrypte les enjeux d’une fascination visuelle dans un après-guerre hanté, bouleversé par l’imagerie médiatique (guerre froide, fabrication du consentement) et les technologies engageant l’œil et le cerveau (contre-espionnage, cryptanalyse). Cette thèse se réclame des « factual studies », une approche nouvelle, non moins iconographique que les visual studies, mais davantage sensible à une pensée de l’événement. Soit la rencontre des faits historiques avec les refoulés de l’histoire. / Worshiped or hated, op art is famous for its amazing popularity. Raised checkboards, moiré patterns, trompe l’oeil games, epileptic flashes… Because of its insatiable scopic appetite, this artistic movement was abundantly used in advertising, fashion, television and, above all, in movies. Art of the eye and the motion, its illusionist geometry could find a large expression in cinema – a shaking camera could increase its metamorphic power. Its sophisticated gadgets magnified science-fiction sets at minimal cost, its stroboscopic aesthetic fuelled the staging of horror films and thrillers, and realistic cinema has used it as a faithful mirror of society. However, history of art has always condemned this kind of reuse and was reluctant to study it. As in the sixties, one considered it as an enterprise of looting, or even as the sign of a decadent, enervated and strictly retinal art. Visiting three capitals, Paris, London and Rome, this thesis aims at decrypting issues related to visual fascination in a post-war time challenged by the media imagery (Cold War, manufacturing consent) and the new technologies such as counter-espionage and cryptanalysis. What does an artwork win or lose through its transformations? To what extent do these “objects of extension” reflect the fantasy of op art and even of society? While taking into account the historical dimension, this study experiments a new research method : the “factual studies” – that is however equally iconographic as the “visual studies”. In other words, the encounter of historical events and repulsed history.

The recordings of the legendary pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski are a valuable documentation of his piano performance style. Knowledge of late-Romantic performance practices gleaned from Paderewski's recordings suggest ways of approaching the performance of his Sonata in E-Flat Minor, Op. 21. This Sonata, composed in 1903 near the end of his compositional career, is a work of the highest caliber, deserving a permanent place in the concert pianist's repertoire. The purpose of this paper is to provide performance suggestions based on Paderewski's performance style which will produce a performance closer to the spirit of the times in which it was written. This study provides an overview of the project in Chapter 1, and a background of Paderewski's life as pianist, composer, and statesman in Chapter 2. A time-line chart of his complete works is included for reference. Chapter 3 analyzes Sonata, Op. 21 in regards to form, sound, melody, harmony, and rhythm. Following the analysis, the Sonata is compared compositionally to sonatas that appear alongside Sonata, Op. 21 on Paderewski's programs, including those by Chopin, Beethoven, and Liszt. Graphs summarize the form and dynamic density of the Sonata, and examples illustrate Paderewski's craft at thematic transformation. Chapter 4 examines Paderewski's performance style documented in recordings of his own compositions and of works by Chopin, Schumann, Liszt, and Beethoven. Consideration is given to various aspects of interpretation, including counterpoint, asynchrony, tempo rubato, rhythmic variance, and pedaling. Each of these aspects of Paderewski's performance style is illustrated with transcriptions of excerpts from Paderewski's recordings. The author proposes examples of application of these aspects to Paderewski's Sonata, Op. 21. Chapter 5 provides a summary of the project. Appendix A contains an analysis of the rhythmic grouping that performers may find useful, and Appendix B contains the recital programs required for the degree program.