The purpose of this study is to investigate sensemaking among employees within large service companies regarding sustainable development. To fulfill the purpose and address the research questions, the study has been conducted through six semi-structured interviews with employees from three major service companies. The collected data has been coded and thematically analyzed using a thematic analysis method, guided by the theoretical framework consisting of new institutional theory (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983; Meyer & Rowan, 1977) and Karl Weick's (1995) sensemaking. The findings of the study indicate that the sensemaking process is a significant element in the interviewees' daily work towards achieving sustainability goals. Through an ongoing process of interpretation, employees create meaning for why and how they should work towards sustainable development. Furthermore, the results reveal that the primary motive behind organizing for sustainable development is a pursuit of a leading position within the organizational field and credibility within the institutional environment. The organizations and employees align with societal developments and attempt to adapt to prevailing institutional requirements and norms, which strongly influence their sensemaking. Societal developments and the institutional environment also have a strong impact on which dimension of sustainability is most prominent and dominant. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that employees' sensemaking plays a central role in the organizations' organizing for sustainable development. The sensemaking process is not an independent factor that solely contributes to organizing, but it is greatly influenced by the institutional environment surrounding the organizational field.

Submitted by Samira Bueno (samibueno@gmail.com) on 2018-04-27T14:40:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_SamiraBueno.pdf: 2979663 bytes, checksum: 1e5c569c56541617ea874a9e81c6789d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-04-27T16:26:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_SamiraBueno.pdf: 2979663 bytes, checksum: 1e5c569c56541617ea874a9e81c6789d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-04-27T16:36:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_SamiraBueno.pdf: 2979663 bytes, checksum: 1e5c569c56541617ea874a9e81c6789d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T16:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_SamiraBueno.pdf: 2979663 bytes, checksum: 1e5c569c56541617ea874a9e81c6789d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-21 / Esta tese teve por objetivo investigar a persistência da letalidade na ação da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo (PMESP), não obstante a redução dos homicídios verificada entre os anos de 2000 e 2016. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscou-se identificar os mecanismos e estratégias que sustentam a prática letal dentro da organização. Em termos metodológicos foram mobilizadas estratégias que aliaram técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas de pesquisa, o que envolveu a análise de boletins de ocorrência e documentos oficiais relacionados às ocorrências de morte decorrente de intervenção policial/resistência seguida de morte, a realização de entrevistas com 16 policiais militares sentenciados por homicídio que cumpriam pena no Presídio Militar Romão Gomes e uma pesquisa observacional em perfis públicos de policiais militares no Facebook. Foi possível identificar três categorias empíricas que estariam diretamente associadas à conformação de um etos profissional pautado no modelo de enfrentamento violento ao criminoso e que influenciam na disposição homicida por parte do policial. Essas categorias convergem para o desenvolvimento de uma doutrina de uso da força letal, a instrumentalização de uma subcultura do universo policial que compreende a prática do homicídio como uma forma eficiente de controle do crime. Não se trata, portanto, de uma ação mobilizada ideologicamente no dia a dia, mas de uma estratégia funcional dentro de um frame em que vigora a crença genuína de que a missão da polícia é caçar bandidos. Deste modo, a disposição homicida não aparece como um desvio ou crime, mas como elemento central da própria atividade policial, que é cotidianamente retroalimentado pela corporação a partir de estratégias relacionadas à produção de estatísticas, à construção da imagem do sujeito criminoso e na interação com a sociedade através das mídias sociais. / This thesis aimed to investigate the persistence of the use of deadly force in the action of the Military Police of the State of São Paulo, despite the reduction of homicides verified between the years 2000 and 2016. The issue that determined the achievement of the research lies on the identification of the mechanisms and strategies that sustain lethal practice inside the organization. In methodological terms, strategies used for the research allied quantitative and qualitative research techniques and involved the analysis of occurrence reports and official documents related to the occurrences of death resulting from police intervention / resistance followed by death, interviews with 16 military police officers sentenced for homicide who were serving time at the Romão Gomes Military Prison, and a observational research of public profiles of military police officers on the social network Facebook. The research allowed the identification of four empirical categories that would be directed associated to the shaping of a professional ethos based on the model of violent confrontation of the criminals and that would influence the homicidal disposition. These categories converge to the development of a doctrine of the use of lethal force, the instrumentalisation of a subculture among the police universe which comprises the practice of murder as an efficient form of crime control. It is not, therefore, an action ideologically mobilized on a day-to-day basis, but a functional strategy within a frame in which there is a genuine belief that the police's mission is to hunt bandits. Therefore, the homicidal disposition does not appears as a deviation or crime, but as a central element of the police activity itself, which is daily fed back by the corporation and its members through strategies that involve the production of statistics, standardized discourses about the victims of their actions and in the interaction with society through social media.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 141654.pdf.jpg: 11249 bytes, checksum: 0a349d226896e94a55545e47b9d4c796 (MD5) 141654.pdf: 1835546 bytes, checksum: 990c782eb56bd088f3213d6d8dfb1271 (MD5) 141654.pdf.txt: 507184 bytes, checksum: 1e2ec3d8947b8112f36cea10431505bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-20T00:00:00Z / The Neo-Institutional theory defines Organizational Fields as social spaces where actors share rules, interpretative schemata and consent with established institutions. From this perspective, one expects that field’s actors adopt and diffuse social forms. This conception of field has been expanded in order to include the phenomena of conflict and innovation. By exploring the Jazz and the MPB fields, this thesis approaches the transformations in fields of music production. First, it investigates the theoretical relationships between the concept of field and social networks, by exploring the convergence of Bourdieu’s and Harrison White’s theories. Although I don’t propose a synthesis between these two approaches, I advocate that they are complementary. Hence, I suggest that social changes might occur in tandem with the uncoupling between the social network structure and the concentration of opportunities. By reconstructing the social networks among Jazz musicians, from 1930 to 1969, I obtain a topography of band leaders and their respective styles. The findings suggest one might explain the locus of new style emergence by the field’s structure evolution. The internal changes in a field impacted several musicians’ careers. I built a “typical” career-path, which suggests a track to be covered in order to attain success. In contrast, the change in the field’s structure and meta-logics favored several musicians who didn’t follow the typical path. This contrast attempts to shed light on the individual action, which helped in turn to change the field’s logic. A field’s institutionalization allows the identification of those legitimate styles, in contrast with those that are segregated. Thus, a field’s permeability articulates its autonomous generation of norms with external elements. Again, this permeability reflects a field’s structure and logics change. By exploring the penetration of Bossa Nova in the Jazz field, I analyzed how Jazz critics participated in the legitimating and in the translating processes of Bossa Nova. This cross-influence occurred in tandem with a redefinition of both fields’ boundaries. The communication between two different fields turns to be a crucial explanative factor in the emergence of new fields. The communication between the MPB and the pop music groups (mostly Jovem Guarda) was accomplished by Tropicalists. The creation of a new position made possible the articulation of two social spaces that were polarized. It seems evident the role of conflict underlying these dynamics: the conflict within the jazz field allowed the opening and emergence of a plurality of styles that articulated in several ways the Jazz tradition with external influences. The polarization within the MPB field created the possibility of emergence of new positions and external articulation. The change within these logics took place in tandem with the drawing of new boundaries and new career trajectories around and within these fields. In contrast, these conflicts revealed shared elements that became eventually institutionalized and shared by opposing groups. / A teoria Neo-Institucional define Campos Organizacionais como espaços onde atores compartilham regras, esquemas interpretativos e consentem com as instituições estabelecidas. A partir dessa perspectiva, espera-se que as formas sociais sejam adotadas e difundidas pelos membros do campo. Essa visão de campo tem sido expandida para dar conta dos conflitos e inovação. A partir da investigação do campo de Jazz e da MPB, aborda-se a tranformação em campos de produção musical. Em primeiro lugar, investiga-se as relações teóricas entre o conceito de campo e redes sociais, atavés da aproximação das teorias desenvolvidas principalmente por Bourdieu e White. Evitando-se a síntese desses dois corpos teóricos, sugere-se o potencial de complementaridade entre as duas abordagens. Assim, sugere-se que mudanças sociais podem ser acompanhadas pelo descasamento entre a estrutura de redes sociais e a concentração de oportunidades. A partir do mapeamento das redes sociais do campo de Jazz, de 1930 a 1969, obtem-se uma topografia dos líderes de banda e seus respectivos estilos. Verifica-se que o lugar de emersão de novos estilos pode ser explicado pela evolução da estrutura do campo. As tranformações internas a um campo impactam as carreiras dos músicos. Constroi-se uma carreira “típica” de um músico de jazz, que sugere uma trilha a ser percorrida para que se alcance o sucesso. Em contrapartida, a mudança na estrutura e lógica do campo de Jazz levou ao favorecimento de músicos que não seguiram a carreira típica. Essa contraposição é importante para aproximar a análise à ação dos individuos co-responsáveis pela mudança na lógica do campo. A institucionalização de um campo possibilita a definição daqueles estilos que são legítimos, em contraposição com aqueles que são segregados. Dessa forma, a permeabilidade de um campo conjuga a a geração autônoma de normas com elementos externos. Novamente, essa permeabilidade é reflexo da transformação da estrutura e lógica do campo. A partir da penetração da Bossa Nova no campo de Jazz americano, analisou-se a participação dos críticos na avaliação, legitimação e tradução da Bossa Nova. Essa influência cruzada foi acompanhada pela redifinição das fronteiras entre os campos. A comunicação entre campos distintos surge como um fator crucial na explicação da emersão de novos campos. A comunicação entre os campos de Música Popular Brasileira e Música Pop (principalmente Jovem Guarda) foi realizada pelos músicos do movimento Tropicalista. A criação de uma nova posição possibilitou a articulação entre dois espaços sociais que encontravam-se polarizados. Percebe-se o papel do conflito nessas dinâmicas: o conflito dentro do campo do jazz permitiu a sua abertura e emersão de uma pluralidade de estilos que articulavam de formas distintas a tradição do jazz e as influências externas. A polarização dentro do campo da MPB criou a possibilidade de criação de novas posições internas e articulações externas. As mudanças nessas lógicas foram concomitantes com o desenho de novos contornos do campo e novas trajetórias das carreiras. Em contrapartida, esses conflitos revelaram elementos compartilhados que se tornaram institucionalizados e aceitos por grupos opostos.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 127136.pdf.jpg: 18459 bytes, checksum: f44577d5b6501dff677032bc4692d11d (MD5) 127136.pdf.txt: 321579 bytes, checksum: 7e2859e34729128eecf2402f03a94a6f (MD5) 127136.pdf: 701374 bytes, checksum: 3765af9e042324e2673848018c29ce8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-09T00:00:00Z / Um dos temas centrais dentro teoria organizacional é a explicação da relação organização-ambiente. Os primeiros estudos da vertente sociológica do novo institucionalismo contribuíram para este entendimento, especialmente ao explicitar como o isomorfismo surge dentro de campos organizacionais. Esta abordagem permitiu um novo entendimento sobre o papel do significado na produção e reprodução das práticas sociais. Entretanto, desde seu início, alguns de seus proponentes e críticos têm se preocupado com a forma obscura com que o novo institucionalismo trata a ação social e o papel dos atores na criação, difusão e estabilização das práticas organizacionais. Este estudo apresenta um modelo conceitual abrangente que explique as variações dentro de campos organizacionais ao incluir novos elementos à abordagem do novo institucionalismo, especialmente a discussão da relação dos níveis macro-micro e da incorporação de diferentes elementos tratados de maneira fragmentada dentro do novo institucionalismo. O modelo apresenta três fases de construção do campo organizacional, com foco inicial em um evento social que funciona como um gatilho do processo de institucionalização, conduzido por atores sociais chave, a apresentação de uma prática como uma solução para as necessidades percebidas, passando pelas ações individuais reflexivas, a difusão destas práticas, resultando na construção de um campo organizacional com determinado grau de convergência. A construção do sistema conceitual seguiu a noção de morfogênese para superar a complexidade de modelos explicativos multinível. O modelo identifica que a diversidade organizacional pode coexistir com pressões institucionais isomórficas fortes, uma vez que é central a noção de interpretação e re-interpretação contínua dos atores sociais dentro do campo. / One of the central areas of focus in organizational theory that has been of particular interest is the organization-environment interface. Early studies in the sociological stream of new institutionalism contributed much to the study of organization, especially in illuminating organizational isomorphism that might appear in organizational fields. This perspective allows the understanding of how meaning is created and its role in the production e reproduction of everyday practices. However since the beginning critics about the way the new institutionalism treated social action and the role social actors in the creation, diffusion and stabilization of organizational practices. In this study a comprehensive theoretical framework is presented that accounts the variability of organizations in a organizational field, including new elements in the new institutionalism approach, specially the micro-macro concern. Three phases of construction of organizational field divide the framework; the initial focus is in social events that trigger the institutionalization process, carried out by key actors, the presentation of a new practice as a solution for some identifiable needs, passing through individual’s reflexive actions and, finally, the diffusion of this practices in the consolidation of an organizational field revealing some degree of convergence. The construction of this theoretical framework follows the morphogenesis concept to overcome the difficulty in dealing with multilevel explanation. The framework identify that organizational diversity can coexist with strong isomorphic pressure, considering that this pressures are always interpreted and re-interpreted by social actors in the field.

The purpose of this study is to explore and interpret the different meanings and consequences of diversity and its associated practices for the police organization in Sweden. By highlighting possible discourses on the concept of diversity within the police organization and how the police organization presents the concept of diversity, based on that, contribute to an increased understanding of the police organization’s diversity work. Our study is based on a qualitative method, discourse analysis, which has helped us collect the empirical material. The purpose with discourse analysis is to interpret what is written, therefore this study is based on our own interpretations of the empirical material. The empirical material that consists of the police policy documents has in turn been analyzed based on Carol Bacchi’s “What’s the problem represented to be-approach” (WPR-approach) and the neo-institutional theory where concepts such as isomorphism and loosely coupled occur. When studying the police organization, the concept of diversity is seen to be common. The police highlights the importance of having diversity within their organization, which can be seen to have emerged over time. The result of this study indicates that the police organization works actively to make equal treatment a natural part of the organization today. This includes wanting to reflect society and they believe that diversity entails different skills which they want to utilize within the organization. The study also describes three different problem representations which we have identified in the empirical material. These problem representations have in turn helped us to highlight different discourses about the concept of diversity, which has contributed to an increased understanding of the police organization’s diversity work.