“O weary Champion of the Cross, lie still”: così Christina Rossetti apre un sonetto del 1890 intitolato Cardinal Newman, composto in occasione della dipartita del cardinale e dedicato alla memoria di uno dei più influenti pensatori, teologi e uomini di lettere dell’epoca. L’accorato canto di Rossetti sottolinea la potenza del pensiero newmaniano assimilando le azioni e gli scritti del cardinale all’impeto delle acque di marea, metaforizzandoli poi in un’alluvione che va a sconvolgere il tranquillo corso di un ruscelletto: “Thy tides were springtides, set against the neap/ Of calmer souls: thy flood rebuked their rill (7-8). La metafora acquatica impiegata da Rossetti sintetizza in modo efficace le qualità trasformatrici proprie della lunga parabola esistenziale di John Henry Newman (1801-1890), la quale lascia profondi solchi nel tessuto ideologico e storico di quello che gli studiosi hanno identificato come “very long nineteenth-century”. Gran parte di questi solchi sono stati tracciati da Newman percorrendo una strada faticosa e mai lineare, che lo studioso oggi può seguire attingendo al voluminoso corpus delle opere e all’altrettanto ricco apparato critico e biografico andato formandosi negli anni a commento dei suoi scritti. Assieme a John Keble e Hurrel Froude, Newman fondò le basi di quello che passa alla storia come Oxford Movement, un’esperienza intellettuale nata fra i Colleges dell’Università di Oxford che mirava a ricostruire le basi cattoliche della Chiesa Anglicana, in un contesto di generale inquietudine nei confronti dell’istituzione ecclesiastica e dei modi da questa adottati per declinare la professione di fede all’interno del tessuto sociale dell’epoca. Gli uomini del Movement concentrarono i propri sforzi teorici nella stesura e pubblicazione di numerosi Tracts for the Times, nei quali si affrontavano i temi ecclesiologici più disparati, col fine di attivare un dialogo riformatore in seno alla Chiesa d’Inghilterra. La pubblicazione dei Tracts fu di breve durata (1833-1845) ma foriera di importanti conseguenze per la società inglese e per l’esistenza di Newman, coincidendo la sua conversione al cattolicesimo con la cessazione delle pubblicazioni (1845). La conversione di Newman fece enorme impressione sull’opinione pubblica, specie per il forte sentimento antiromano che circolava nelle fila dell’establishment inglese. Il motto “No Popery” costituiva un refrain udibile in molte delle produzioni culturali dell’epoca e in special modo nei romanzi a tema religioso, fra le cui pagine il cattolico si muove come personaggio intriso di caratteristiche negative proprie del villain: “a spy, a secret agent, suave, supercilious and satanically unscrupulous, laying his cunning plots for the submission of England to ‘Jesuitocracy’”. Falsità, propensione all’inganno, sete di potere, assenza di scrupoli erano tutti connotati che l’immaginazione protestante associava alla Chiesa di Roma: la conversione procurò a Newman accuse dello stesso segno che il futuro cardinale cercò di dissipare nei suoi scritti, impegnandosi ad arrivare a una fetta di pubblico il più vasta possibile mediante due romanzi e la celebre autobiografia spirituale Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1864). Le opere letterarie di Newman conobbero un dilagante successo, intrise com’erano di istanze culturali associate alla vita religiosa e di elementi autobiografici che andavano a soddisfare la curiosità del pubblico per la vicenda personale di uno degli uomini più in vista del regno di Vittoria. La peculiare intersecazione fra la determinante storico-culturale e quella autobiografica nella testualizzazione letteraria newmaniana è l’oggetto di studio qui proposto. La ricerca prende il via da un iniziale progetto su biografia e romanzo in relazione alla cosiddetta “crisi religiosa” che caratterizza gli anni vittoriani. Nel considerare i vari aspetti della questione assieme al mio tutor Prof. Enrico Reggiani, si è constatato come non fosse opportuno inscrivere la figura di Newman in uno studio tematico e pluritestuale, metodologicamente orientato a una prospettiva storico-culturale: l’influenza del cardinale sulle lettere di derivazione anglofona appare caratterizzata da un’imponente, multilivellare pervasività che echeggia sia nelle pratiche artistiche dell’epoca, ossia nell’opera della già citata Rossetti, nell’estetica della Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, nella poesia di Gerald Manley Hopkins, che in quelle novecentesche, come il sistema testuale joyciano. Se il ruolo determinante del pensiero newmaniano è riconosciuto e analizzato dalla critica nel dettaglio dei suoi aspetti teologico-religiosi, altrettanto non può dirsi dei suoi scritti più specificamente letterari: il lavoro qui presentato sarà da intendersi pertanto come un dispositivo di avvicinamento a questi aspetti dell’opera di Newman. A tal fine si è deciso di concentrare lo studio sulla close-reading di uno dei due romanzi newmaniani, Loss and Gain (1848), la cui testualità sarà investigata mediante un selezionato apparato metodologico afferente in primis al macrotesto dell’autore e in secundis a più recenti formulazioni teoriche di taglio narratologico. / In an 1890 composition dedicated to the memory of John Henry Newman, Christina Rossetti metaphorized his legacy into “springtides, set against the neap/ Of calmer souls: thy flood rebuked their rill”. She so sought to synthesize the transformative qualities of Newman’s existence (1801-1890) in the context of the “very long nineteenth century”, as defined by Margot Finn. Along with John Keble and Hurrell Froude, Newman founded the Tractarian Movement, an Oxford-based intellectual movement intending to rebuild the Catholic foundation of the Anglican Church, which at the time was facing an ever growing disquiet on behalf of its affiliates, for both ecclesiological and political reasons. In order to ignite a reformative dialogue within the Church of England, the Tractarians published a relevant number of Tracts from 1833 to 1845, when Newman converted to Catholicism. Newman’s conversion sparked a huge controversy within the public opinion, catholics at the time being subjected to a heavy cultural stigma within the establishment. Falsity, a propension to deceit and thirst for power connoted the catholic character in numerous religious novels in the Victorian period, thus prompting Newman to defend himself from similar allegations in various writings such as the Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1864). Newman’s literary writings were extremely successful, since they put on display a peculiar intersection between religious cultural issues and his own autobiography. Such intersection is the object of my thesis, which will articulate around a close-reading of Newman’s novel Loss and Gain (1848) in order to highlight the main features of the Cardinal’s literary theory and practice in relation to his overall theological views, and to project them on a synchronic and diacronic perspective to attest Newman’s legacy on Eighteenth and Nineteenth century literature.

The relation between temperament and happiness in children aged 8-12 was examined. Participants included 311 students in Grades 4-6 and their parents, recruited from public and private schools in the Central Okanagan. Parents rated their children’s temperament using the Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability (EAS) Temperament Survey (Buss & Plomin, 1984) and rated their children’s happiness using a single-item measure. Children rated their own temperament using the EAS Temperament Survey and the Piers- Harris Self Concept Scale for Children, Second Edition (Piers-Harris 2) (Piers & Herzberg, 2002). Children also rated their own happiness using a single-item measure, the Oxford Happiness Scale, Short Form (Hills & Arygle, 2002), and the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999). Confirmatory factor analyses established that parent and child ratings on the EAS Temperament Survey conformed to the four-factor structure proposed by Buss and Plomin (1984). Multiple regression analyses revealed that temperament accounted for between 9-29% of the variance in children’s happiness depending on the rater (i.e., parents vs. children) and the measure of happiness. Individual temperament variables that predicted a unique amount of the variance of children’s happiness over and above the combined effect of all temperament variables varied with the rater of children’s temperament (i.e., parents vs. children) and with the measure of happiness. Children who were more social, less shy, less emotional, and more free from anxiety rated themselves, and were rated by others, as happier. Children who scored higher on the activity temperament rated themselves, and were rated by others, as happier. The results of the current study parallel results of research investigating the relation between happiness and personality in adults. It establishes a strong relation between temperament and happiness, and iii supports the use of self-reports with children. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. / Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan) / Graduate

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The longer thirteenth-century Middle English verse life of Saint Frideswide found in the collection of saints' lives known as the South English Legendary (SEL) narrates an event unique to medieval hagiography. In the poem, a leper asks the virgin saint to kiss him with her "sweet mouth," which she does in spite of her feelings of considerable shame, and the leper is healed. The erotic nature of the leper's request, Frideswide's reluctance to grant it, and her shame throughout the incident represent a significant departure from the twelfth-century Latin texts on which the SEL version of the saint's life is based. In this paper, I provide a deeper critical analysis of the text than has previously been attempted, exploring the SEL version of the leper's healing from medieval perspectives on leprosy, gender, religious authority, and genre. By the thirteenth century, leprosy in hagiographic texts had come to symbolize the abject condition of Christ himself, and saints' lives invariably portrayed their protagonists as eager to embrace and kiss lepers as a means of serving Christ. Frideswide's shame and reluctance to kiss the leper greatly contrast with generic convention and cause her gender to emerge as a defining holy attribute inexplicably demanded by the leper's exigency. The SEL-poet's portrayal of Frideswide's gender as a vital component of her healing power is consistent with medieval conceptions of personhood, from which gender could not be separated. The poet crafts the scene of the leper's healing using conventions not only of hagiography but of romance as well; this hybridization of genres creates tension between sanctity and eroticism in the scene. The poet's depiction of the saint as simultaneously exceptional and human may have been a reaction against the contemporary ecclesiastical landscape, in which female authority and influence were limited. Moreover, the romantic language used by the poet to create tension also makes Frideswide's story more accessible to lay readers by transforming the relationship between supplicant and saint into an interaction between a courtly lover and his lady.

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CARVALHO, Liliane Maria Teixeira Lima de. O papel dos artefatos na construção de significados matemáticos por estudantes do ensino fundamental II. 2008. 239 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-05T14:31:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Tese_LMTLCarvalho.pdf: 4899664 bytes, checksum: df61d0611ea9db1257467f902e9384de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-05T14:36:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Tese_LMTLCarvalho.pdf: 4899664 bytes, checksum: df61d0611ea9db1257467f902e9384de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-05T14:36:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Tese_LMTLCarvalho.pdf: 4899664 bytes, checksum: df61d0611ea9db1257467f902e9384de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A pesquisa investiga se diferentes formas de conceber o papel dos artefatos e apresentação da informação influenciam a construção de significados matemáticos por estudantes de 11 a 14 anos. A cognição humana é concebida como processo mediado pela tradição cultural e histórica das representações enquanto artefatos, inserindo-se essa análise no âmbito do raciocínio matemático. Utilizou-se o método experimental aliado a uma pesquisa-ação envolvendo o design intencional de tarefas. Explorou-se o papel mediacional das tarefas, desde a sua confecção e introdução na sala de aula de matemática, até o seu uso pelos estudantes. Essa abordagem se concretizou por meio de seis experimentos, dos quais participaram 922 estudantes: 598 oriundos do key Stage Three (corresponde em idade ao 7º, 8º e 9º anos do Ensino Fundamental II no Brasil) de quatro escolas inglesas, e 324 oriundos do 7º, 8º e 9º anos de duas escolas brasileiras. O Experimento 1 investiga se gráficos, tabelas ou casos isolados influenciam o raciocínio dos estudantes sobre variáveis discretas. O Experimento 2 verifica se diferentes informações sobre variáveis contínuas influenciam a interpretação gráfica dos estudantes. O Experimento 3 analisa se interações de aspectos visuais e conceituais da informação sobre variáveis contínuas influenciam a interpretação gráfica dos estudantes. O Experimento 4 investiga se gráficos, tabelas ou a combinação de ambas as representações influencia interações de aspectos visuais e conceituais da informação. Esses quatro experimentos foram realizados nas escolas inglesas. As tarefas usadas no primeiro e quarto experimentos foram aplicadas nas escolas brasileiras, sendo designados Experimentos 5 e 6, respectivamente. As tarefas foram potencialmente facilitadoras ao uso de conteúdos matemáticos. Os Experimentos 1 e 5 oferecem evidências de que estudantes já familiarizados com representações em tabelas e gráficos para representar variáveis discretas não se beneficiam em atividades em que eles precisam organizar os dados por eles mesmos. Estudantes ingleses tiram proveito igualmente de tabelas e gráficos. Estudantes brasileiros não se beneficiam do uso de tabelas. Os Experimentos 2 e 3 confirmam resultados de estudos prévios de que informações gráficas sobre variáveis contínuas possuem diferentes níveis de complexidade. Ler pontos é significativamente mais fácil do que interpretar problemas globais. Os Experimentos 2 e 3 também confirmam a hipótese de que os problemas de inferência inversa explicam as dificuldades com informações globais. Essa dificuldade é acentuada em gráficos com inclinação negativa. O Experimento 4 mostra que a forma de apresentação da informação não afeta o desempenho dos estudantes na resolução de problemas sobre variáveis contínuas. O raciocínio dos estudantes sobre variáveis contínuas, no entanto, é influenciado pela forma de apresentação da informação. A pesquisa sugere a necessidade de uma discriminação da informação não apenas quanto ao tipo de variável, discreta ou contínua, ou tipo de relação proporcional, direta ou inversa, mas também quanto ao tipo de inferências requeridas dos estudantes.

Cette thèse a cherché à présenter une description des versions de Midrash Séder Eliyahou tout en se polarisant sur la recherche de la version authentique, aussi précise que possible. Cette étude interdisciplinaire tente d'allier les aspects paléographiques des manuscrits, la langue hébraïque ainsi que la littérature comparée. Le corpus de ce Midrash contient six éléments manuscrits. Seul le Codex, BAV, Vat. ebr. 31 est complet et en excellent état. Les trois éditions imprimées complètes, sont celles de : Venise (1598), première édition, copie d'un incunable, Prague (1677) et de Vienne (1901), l'édition critique de Friedman, basée sur BAV, Vat. ebr.31. Nous avons choisi ce dernier comme référent. Nous proposons l'hypothèse suivante : La fidélité est pas uniforme, il y a deux dimensions de fidélité, pouvant sembler contradictoires : paléographique et / ou exégétique. L'étude de sources de la Genizah génère deux cas de figure possibles : Il y aurait soit une seule famille du Midrash Séder Eliyahou, plus ou moins fidèles à la version de BAV, Vat. ebr. 31. Soit il existerait une autre version de SER, inconnue et divergente de celle de Vatican 31, générant une ou plusieurs autres familles de manuscrits. Si la seconde hypothèse se vérifie, il pourrait s'agir d'un Midrash en formation. La version occidentale est entièrement développée et fixée tandis que la version orientale aurait été transmise oralement sans avoir atteint sa forme définitive. / This thesis has sought to present a description of the versions of Midrash Seder Eliyyahu while polarizing on the search for the authentic version, as accurate as possible. This interdisciplinary study tries to use the palaeographic aspects of the manuscripts, the Hebrew language as well as comparative literature. The corpus of this Midrash contains six manuscripts elements. Only the Codex BAV, Vat. ebr. 31 is complete and in excellent condition. The three printed editions complete, are those of: Venice (1598), first edition, copy of incunabula, Prague (1677) and Vienna (1901), the critical edition of Friedman, based on BAV, Vat. ebr.31. This manuscript version was chosen as a referent. We propose the following hypothesis: The fidelity is not uniform, there are two loyalty dimensions, may seem contradictory : paleographic or/and exegetical. The study of the sources from the Genizah generated two possible cases : There would be only one family of the Midrash Seder Eliyyahu, referring to the version of BAV, Vat. ebr. 31. Either exist another version of SER, unknown and divergent from the Vatican 31, which will form one or more other family of manuscripts. If this second assumption proves true, Seder Eliyyahu could be a processing Midrash. The Western version is fully developed and secured while the eastern version be transmitted orally and not having reached its final form.

This thesis explores the history of botany as a global collection-based science by tracing parallels between utopian traditions and botanical collecting, from their sixteenth-century beginnings to the present. A range of botanical collections, such as gardens, herbaria and classification systems, have played a central role in the struggle to discover a global or universal scientific order for the chaotic, diverse and locally shaped kingdom of plants. These collections and utopia intersect historically, and are characterised by the same epistemology of collecting: the creation of order through confined collecting spaces or “no-place.” They are manipulations of space and time. Between chaos and order, both seek to make a whole from – often unruly – parts.   The long history of botanical collecting is characterised by a degree of continuity of practice that is unusual in the sciences.  For instance, the basic technology of the herbarium – preserving plants by mounting and labelling dried specimens on paper – has been in use for almost five centuries, from sixteenth-century Italy to ongoing digitisation projects. The format of the compilation thesis is well-suited to handling the historiographical challenge of tracing continuity and discontinuity with such a long chronological scope.   The thesis is structured as a walled quadripartite garden, with the Kappa enclosing four research papers and an epilogue. The papers take a diachronic approach to explore different perspectives on botanical collections: botanical collecting in seventeenth-century Oxford, pressed plants in books that are not formally collections; and the digitisation of botanical collections. These accounts are all shaped by the world of books, text and publication, historically a male-dominated sphere. In order to acknowledge marginalisation of other groups and other ways of knowing plants, the epilogue is an explanation of an embroidered patchwork of plant-dyed fabric, which forms the cover of the thesis. / Denna avhandling behandlar historien om botanik som en global samlingsbaserad vetenskap genom att följa paralleller mellan utopiska traditioner och botaniskt samlande från dess början på femtonhundratalet till idag. Olika sorters botaniska samlingar, till exempel trädgårdar, herbarier och klassifikationssystem, har historiskt spelat en central roll i sökandet efter en global eller universell vetenskaplig ordning i växtrikets lokalt rotade och till synes kaotiska mångfald. Det finns historiska kopplingar mellan dessa botaniska samlingar och utopi, som båda även präglas av vad man kan kalla samlandets epistemologi: skapandet av ordning genom avgränsade samlingsutrymmen eller ”icke-platser”. De är manipulationer av tid och rum.   Det botaniska samlandets långa historia utmärks av en praktisk kontinuitet som är ovanlig inom naturvetenskapen. Herbariets grundläggande teknik att bevara växter genom att pressa, identifiera och montera dem på pappersark har varit i bruk i nästan fem sekel. Avhandlingen utnyttjar sammanläggningsformatet för att hantera den historiografiska utmaning det innebär att studera en så lång tidsperiod, genom att de ingående artiklarna behandlar skilda tidsepoker och disciplinära perspektiv samtidigt som de alla delar avhandlingens centrala tematik: ordnande genom avgränsade samlingsutrymmen.     Avhandlingens struktur är baserad på den muromgärdade fyrdelade trädgården, med kappan som inneslutande fyra artiklar och en epilog. Artiklarna är diakrona analyser av botaniska samlingar: om samlande i Oxford på sextonhundratalet, om pressade växter i böcker som inte formellt utgör del av samlingar, och om digitaliseringen av botaniska samlingar. Dessa sammanhang är alla formade i en värld av böcker, text och publicering – en värld som historiskt har dominerats av män. Epilogen belyser den marginalisering av andra grupper och deras kunskaper om växter som detta har inneburit, genom att förklara avhandlingens omslag, ett lapptäcksbroderi av växtfärgade tyger. / <p>QC 20171115</p> / Saving Nature: Conservation Technologies from the Biblical Ark to the Digital Archive

Bakgrund: I slutet av 2019 upptäcktes flertalet fall av pneumoni av okänd etiologi i Wuhan, Kina. Efter isolering och sekvensering framkom det att det rörde sig om ett coronavirus, benämnt SARS-CoV-2. Sociala restriktioner och munskydd har inte lyckats stoppa denna pandemi, och hoppet ligger nu på de olika vaccinkandidater som började utvecklas under 2020. Syfte: Syftet var att jämföra olika vaccins effektivitet och förekomst av olika biverkningar. Metod: En systemisk litteraturstudie utfördes, där en sökning i Pubmed utfördes och fyra artiklar valdes ut till arbetet för att jämföra vaccineffektivitet och biverkningar för de tre vaccin som var godkända av läkemedelsverket i februari. Resultat: Pfizer/BioNTechs mRNA-vaccin hade en effektivitet på 94,8%, Modernas mRNA-vaccin en effektivitet på 94,1% och Oxford-AstraZenecas vektorvaccin uppvisade en effektivitet på 70,4%. De vanligaste biverkningarna vid vaccinering var smärta vid injektionsplatsen, huvudvärk samt utmattning. Slutsats: En tillfredsställande jämförelse kunde inte genomföras då de olika fas III studierna utfördes på olika åldersgrupper och i olika delar av världen där SARS-CoV-2 mutationerna skiljde sig åt, vilket kan ha påverkat resultaten. / Background: At the end of 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown ethology were discovered in Wuhan, China. After isolating and sequencing the pathogen it became apparent that it was a Coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2. Social restrictions and mask wearing mandates have not managed to stop this pandemic, and the hope lies with the different vaccine candidates that started to be developed during 2020. Aim: The aim was to compare different vaccines efficacy and prevalence of side effects. Method: A systemic literature study was implemented, the search was done in Pubmed and four papers were selected to compare vaccine efficacy and side effects for the three vaccines that were approved by Läkemedelsverket in February. Results: Pfizer/BioNTech’s mRNA-vaccine showed an efficacy of 94,8%, Moderna’s an efficacy of 94,1% and Oxford-AstraZeneca’s vector vaccine showed an efficacy of 70,4%. The most common side effects following vaccination was pain at the site of injection, headache and fatigue. Conclusion: A satisfying comparison could not be achieved since the different phase III studies were performed on different age groups and in different parts of the world where SARS-CoV-2 mutations differ, which could impact the results.