Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:00:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001 / o trabalho discute os fatores que condicionaram a migração de planos de beneficios entre os Fundos de Pensão localizados no Estado do Espírito Santo. O mais antigo modelo de plano de beneficios implantado no Brasil, o plano de beneficio definido, tem características bastante vantajosas aos participantes, pois as empresas patrocinadoras assumem os riscos de desequilíbrio do plano, e os beneficios futuros são assegurados aos participantes. O segundo modelo, mais recente no país, tem como característica principal o fato de que o participante assume os riscos do plano, e os beneficios futuros dependem de diversos fatores, como rentabilidade, tempo de participação, entre outros, deixando de existir garantia aos participantes. Apesar disso, os Fundos de Pensão tem implantado processos de migração de planos de beneficio definido para contribuição definida com sucesso. O texto procura identificar as razões e conseqüências da migração, estabelecendo correlações entre os dois modelos, identificando suas diferenças e semelhanças, o papel exercido pelas empresas patrocinadoras e a estratégia de convencimento dos participantes. Pretende-se que as reflexões sobre esse processo possam contribuir para que os Fundos de Pensão e outros pesquisadores interessados possam ter um nível maior de compreensão e fundamentação sobre o assunto. / This dissertation discusses the factors that have created the framework for the migration of the pension plans among the pension funds in the state of Espirito Santo. The first benefit plan model in Brazil, the defined benefit plan, has many advantages for the participant. Their risks are supported by the sponsor of the plan, and future benefits are assured to the participants. The second model, more recently introduced in the country, has its main point in the fact that participants have to bear the risks, and future benefits depend on many factors like the historical performance of the plan and time of participation, and there is no guaranty to the participants. Regardless these facts, pension funds have adopted successful processes for the migration from defined benefits plans to defined contribution plans. This text identifies reasons and consequences of those process of migration, establishing correlations, differences and similarities between the two models, and the role of the sponsors and their strategies in persuading the participants. We intend to raise questions upon this process, in order to contribute for a greater levei of comprehension of the issue.

Submitted by JORGE LEONARDO MOSQUERA TORRES DE OLIVEIRA (jorge.oliveira@rioprevidencia.rj.gov.br) on 2016-09-01T19:45:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mosquera (Versão Secretaria).pdf: 1481167 bytes, checksum: f99859fa5f91a846e1adf437fcc2dd15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2016-09-02T12:29:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mosquera (Versão Secretaria).pdf: 1481167 bytes, checksum: f99859fa5f91a846e1adf437fcc2dd15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-09-12T12:06:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mosquera (Versão Secretaria).pdf: 1481167 bytes, checksum: f99859fa5f91a846e1adf437fcc2dd15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T12:07:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mosquera (Versão Secretaria).pdf: 1481167 bytes, checksum: f99859fa5f91a846e1adf437fcc2dd15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / This study aims to identify the determining reasons that lead the public servant to join the pension funds. The limits of the organizational behavior theory and trust, predominant theoretical framework in this study are analyzed to: map the profile of the public servant enrolled in pension funds, to understand how trust influences the decision to join the pension plan and; to understand the reasons that restrain the adhesion. Alternatively we assess the main incentive policies for join the pension plan could be adopted by the pension funds. We have done ten semi-structured interviews with pension experts. The study results of this research show that a group of servants have a high propensity to join the pension plan and the lack of trust and information are the two main reasons for no adherence. To increase membership there is no single solution, but a combination of factors that can face those problems such as institutional governance mechanisms that give the public servant, some assurance as well as certification of institution and managers. The research also show that a main point to increase the membership to the pension is to change the way of joining the pension funds, from the express to presumed or automatic, contributing thereby, for standard maintenance of life in the advanced age of public servants. / Este estudo objetiva identificar os motivos determinantes que levam o servidor público a aderir à previdência complementar. Os limites da teoria do comportamento organizacional e da confiança, referencial teórico predominante neste estudo, são analisados para: mapear o perfil do servidor público participante da previdência complementar, entender como a confiança influencia na decisão de aderir à previdência complementar e; compreender os motivos que impedem a adesão. Alternativamente são avaliadas as principais políticas de incentivo à adesão à previdência complementar que podem ser adotadas pelos fundos de pensão. Foram realizadas dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas em previdência complementar. Os resultados do estudo indicam que há um grupo de servidores que possuem uma propensão maior a aderir à previdência complementar e que a falta de confiança e de informação são os dois principais motivos da não adesão. Para aumentar a adesão não há uma solução única, mas uma combinação de fatores que possam combater estes dois problemas: os mecanismos institucionais de governança que conferem ao servidor certa segurança e a certificação da instituição e dos gestores. O estudo demonstrou ainda que um ponto capital para o aumento da adesão à previdência complementar é a mudança da forma de adesão, de expressa para presumida ou automática contribuindo, dessa forma, para a manutenção do padrão de vida na idade avançada do servidor público.

Submitted by Silvania Godoi Ferreira (silvaniagodoi@globo.com) on 2017-01-13T01:42:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação SILVANIA GODOI FERREIRA.pdf: 9535692 bytes, checksum: bdb8772706642edce6d67b8c49088946 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-01-13T12:58:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação SILVANIA GODOI FERREIRA.pdf: 9535692 bytes, checksum: bdb8772706642edce6d67b8c49088946 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-23T13:13:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação SILVANIA GODOI FERREIRA.pdf: 9535692 bytes, checksum: bdb8772706642edce6d67b8c49088946 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-04 / A racionalidade dos agentes econômicos e a hipótese de eficiência de mercado são pressupostos fundamentais da teoria moderna de finanças. Porém, estudos empíricos têm constatado que o comportamento dos investidores nem sempre se mostra racional em tomada de decisão envolvendo risco. A partir dos fundamentos de racionalidade limitada apresentados por Simon (1957) e, posteriormente, estudos desenvolvidos por Kahneman e Tversky (1974 e 1979) sobre vieses cognitivos frequentemente observados no comportamento humano e a perspectiva relativa em tomada de decisão, surgiu o campo de Finanças Comportamentais. Esta dissertação teve por objetivo investigar o efeito da heurística da ancoragem sobre os preços e a tomada de decisão em investimentos imobiliários em fundos de pensão. O setor brasileiro de fundos de pensão conta com 307 instituições e sua carteira imobiliária soma R$ 32,7 bilhões (março/2016). O mapeamento de riscos envolvidos no processo decisório de investimentos é de grande importância para os fundos de pensão cujo objetivo é gerir seu patrimônio para prover o pagamento de benefícios a seus participantes. Neste sentido, o estudo do efeito da heurística da ancoragem sobre os preços dos imóveis contribui como uma forma de identificação de risco para a tomada de decisão em relação a este tipo de investimento. O método de investigação utilizado foi baseado no modelo de mensuração desenvolvido por Jacowitz e Kahneman (1995), cujo objetivo é medir a extensão dos efeitos da ancoragem por meio de um índice de ancoragem (IA). A heurística da ancoragem foi testada, em outros estudos acadêmicos similares, para estimativa de preços de imóveis residenciais. A contribuição deste estudo foi ampliar a pesquisa para imóveis corporativos, categoria de ativo que compõe as carteiras de investimento imobiliários dos fundos de pensão. Os resultados apontaram que a heurística da ancoragem afeta, de forma significativa, a avaliação dos preços dos imóveis e o processo decisório em fundos de pensão. / The rationality of economic agents and the market efficiency hypothesis are fundamental assumptions of the modern finance theory. However, empirical studies have found that investors' behavior are not always rational in decision-making under risk. From the ground for bounded rationality presented by Simon (1957) and studies developed by Kahneman and Tversky (1974 and 1979) on cognitive biases often observed in human behavior and the relative perspective in decision-making, the field of behavioral finance emerged. This work aims to investigate the effect of anchoring heuristic on prices and decision-making in pension funds real estate investments. The pension funds sector has 307 institutions and its real estate portfolio reaches R$ 32.7 billion (March, 2016). Risk mapping involved in the investment decision-making process is of great importance for pension funds whose objective is to manage its assets to provide benefit payments to its participants. Thus, the study of the effect of anchoring heuristics on real estate prices contributes as a way of identifying risk for decision making in relation to this type of investment. The research method was based on the measurement model developed by Jacowitz and Kahneman (1995), which aims at measuring the extent of the anchoring effects by using an anchoring index (AI). The anchoring heuristic was tested in other similar academic studies to estimate residential property prices. The contribution of this study lays on extending the research to corporate real estate, asset category that makes up the real estate investment portfolios of pension funds. The results show that the anchoring heuristic significantly affect property price assessments and the decision-making process in pension funds.

Depuis une dizaine d'années, une part croissante de fonds de pension rencontrent des difficultés financières. Cette détérioration a soulevé des questions sur la gestion de ces institutions et sur l'efficacité du cadre réglementaires. Cette thèse a pour objet d'analyser les comportements financiers et la gestion des risques opérés par les fonds de pension à prestation définies et les institutions assimilées. En premier lieu, nous relions les choix d'investissement à la question du contrôle managériale. Notre analyse suggère que la bonne gestion des fonds de pension nécessite un partage optimal des droits de contrôle entre les participants du plan et l'entreprise sponsor. Nous montrons alors comment cette répartition affecte les décisions d'investissement. Notre seconde analyse étudie l'impact des fluctuations financières sur la gestion des fonds de pension. Nos résultats suggèrent que le cadre réglementaire actuel conduit à de larges effets pro-cycliques, en particulier sur les exigences de capital et les décisions d'investissement. Finalement, nous analysons comment les changement structurels de la mortalité affectent le risque et les politiques de risque des fonds de pension. / Since ten years, an increasing proportion of pension funds faces to severe financial difficulties, addressing some questions about the management of these institutions and the effectiveness of the regulatory framework. This thesis aims to analyze the investment decisions and financial risk management made by the pension fund defined benefit and assimilated institutions, in order to address some advances for the regulation purpose. First, we address the question of the pension funds management by analyzing the implications of the managerial control problem. Our analysis suggests that the efficient management may require an optimal splitting of control rights between plan participants and the sponsoring company. We then show how this splitting of right controls can affects investment decisions in pension funds. Second, we analyze the implications of financial cycles for pension fund management. Our results suggest that the regulatory framework produces large pro-cyclical, including regime-dependent capital requirement and regime-dependent investment decisions. Finally, we analyze how the structural change in mortality affect the risk and the risk management of pension funds.

Many South Africans may not have adequate retirement savings when they retire and this has the effect of a low income replacement ratio on retirement that may lead to a decrease in the standard of living of the retiree and in extreme cases the retiree becoming dependent on their family and the government. Owing to this trend of no or inadequate retirement savings, South Africa embarked on a retirement reform journey in 2004. The goal of this research is to determine whether the retirement reform mechanisms outlined by National Treasury would encourage individual retirement savings that should assist South Africans to achieve stability of income in their retirement. This research analysed the current retirement savings options and vehicles available for South Africans, the current tax incentives and disincentives and reviewed the proposed changes to tax incentives and disincentives during the accumulation phase of retirement savings and explained how these proposed tax incentives are harmonised for the accumulation phase of retirement. The research explained how National Treasury aims to limit pre-retirement withdrawals and how it intends to encourage the annuitisation of post-retirement benefits. The penultimate chapter of this research measured the effect (by making certain assumptions) of the changes proposed by National Treasury on the income replacement ratio of the retiree. Throughout the research comparisons were made between The OECD Roadmap for the good design of defined contribution pension plans and National Treasury’s proposals. This research did not directly address the effect of increased life expectancies on retirement savings or increases in youth unemployment and the effect that this may have on retirement savings. The effect of financial charges levied on retirement savings on the income replacement ratio of a retiree was also not explored. Furthermore, not all pension funds are regulated by the Pension Funds Act and how these pension funds can be brought within the purview of the Pension Funds Act was not investigated. Automatic enrolment of retirement savings for all employees in South Africa in retirement vehicles is a further research area that could be addressed.

The purpose of this study was to review the provision of public and private retirement funding in both South Africa and the United Kingdom and the role of taxation in encouraging greater private provision for retirement. The study described the basis of taxation and determination of ‘taxable income’ in each jurisdiction, before addressing the relationship between taxation and retirement funding in each jurisdiction respectively. Both jurisdictions have introduced significant reforms of their systems of retirement funding and these reforms were accordingly addressed in the present research. The study compared the two jurisdictions based on the above mentioned areas to determine similarities or differences. The study concluded with recommendations, these being that South Africa should assess the feasibility of providing greater State provided retirement funding by possibly including a mandatory contribution, such as that used by the UK for its single-tier flat rate New State Pension. A further recommendation was that South Africa should encourage greater provision of private retirement funding by considering even greater tax deductions for contributions.

Submitted by Tatiana Regiani (tatiana.regiani@terra.com.br) on 2018-06-14T18:00:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TA_Tatiana_Regiani_CulturaEticaEFPC_Rev.40_pos banca_2018.06.12.pdf: 1345265 bytes, checksum: a91b0ba9293ebc4aa5364e8e66fbcd96 (MD5) / Rejected by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Tatiana, Recebemos a postagem do seu trabalho na biblioteca digital e para ser aprovado serão necessários alguns ajustes: 1º Pagina da Ficha catalográfica: precisa ser centralizado no lado inferior da folha. 2º RESUMO: a palavra RESUMO deve ser “MAIUSCULA” e centralizado. E se possível aplicar o espaçamento de 1,5. Lembrando que o resumo após os agradecimentos e antes da lista de graficos. Por favor, faça as alterações necessárias e post o trabalho na biblioteca. Atenciosamente, Atenciosamente, Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires SRA. on 2018-06-15T16:41:32Z (GMT) / Submitted by Tatiana Regiani (tatiana.regiani@terra.com.br) on 2018-06-15T18:24:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TA_Tatiana_Regiani_CulturaEticaEFPC_Rev.41_pos banca_2018.06.15.pdf: 1894427 bytes, checksum: 812278ac888a28743dbc8c8f53406cf2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-06-16T00:45:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TA_Tatiana_Regiani_CulturaEticaEFPC_Rev.41_pos banca_2018.06.15.pdf: 1894427 bytes, checksum: 812278ac888a28743dbc8c8f53406cf2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Isabele Garcia (isabele.garcia@fgv.br) on 2018-06-18T13:37:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TA_Tatiana_Regiani_CulturaEticaEFPC_Rev.41_pos banca_2018.06.15.pdf: 1894427 bytes, checksum: 812278ac888a28743dbc8c8f53406cf2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T13:37:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TA_Tatiana_Regiani_CulturaEticaEFPC_Rev.41_pos banca_2018.06.15.pdf: 1894427 bytes, checksum: 812278ac888a28743dbc8c8f53406cf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-21 / A credibilidade das entidades fechadas de previdência complementar (EFPC), no Brasil também conhecidas como fundos de pensão, tem sido questionada pelos stakeholders e pela sociedade em geral, já que são muito altos os valores envolvidos nos casos de corrupção com a participação das maiores fundações do país. Os impactos são conjunturais, tanto econômicos e políticos quanto sociais, envolvendo diretamente funcionários e participantes (pensionistas, aposentados e beneficiários), os quais confiaram uma vida inteira de contribuições com a esperança de ter uma vida segurada financeiramente por meio da gestão desses fundos. O custo e as consequências da corrupção no ambiente da previdência complementar trazem impactos negativos ao setor, tais como: despesas com investigação, defesa em litígios, reputação negativa, perda de confiança dos participantes, perda de possíveis novos participantes, entre outros prejuízos. A Lei Anticorrupção (12.846/2013) prevê severas punições às empresas que praticarem atos de corrupção. Sua regulamentação, por meio do Decreto nº 8.420/2015, tornou indispensável a implementação de normas e práticas para prevenção, identificação e punição de tais condutas, em especial o Programa de Integridade. Diante desse contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar se, do ponto de vista dos funcionários das EFPC, considerando a percepção dos três níveis hierárquicos — diretores, gerentes e analistas —, havia uma cultura de ética e se ocorreu alguma mudança após adequação normativa dessas entidades. A hipótese inicial era que a mera implementação de práticas oriundas de obrigação legal não garante a existência nem a manutenção de uma cultura de ética. A fim de confirmá-la, foram entrevistados colaboradores de 10 dos 50 maiores fundos de pensão do Brasil, que juntos representam mais de R$ 400 bilhões em investimentos — 51% do total de ativos sob gestão de todo o setor. Encontraram-se distintos mecanismos e processos envolvendo um sistema de ética e de denúncias entre os fundos de pensão, mas o elemento comum identificado foi que a inexistência de um processo transparente e justo de investigação e punição de condutas ilícitas (especialmente quando estas são praticadas por ocupantes de cargos dos níveis hierárquicos mais altos) aponta que a cultura de ética ainda é muito falha, impactando diretamente a percepção dos funcionários sobre as respectivas instituições e, consequentemente, a reputação das EFPC. Com este trabalho espera-se contribuir para que haja uma melhor compreensão da complexidade dessa temática e dos fatores diretamente relacionados à dimensão humana dos programas de integridade e seu impacto numa cultura de ética efetiva. Com esse entendimento, será possível elaborar ações que conduzam a uma efetiva cultura de ética e minimizem os desvios de conduta nessas entidades. / The credibility of closed private pension entities (EFPC) in Brazil, also known as pension funds, has been questioned by stakeholders and by society in general, since the amounts tangled in corruption cases involving the largest foundations in the country are very high. The impacts are conjectural economically, politically and socially, with the direct involvement of employees and members (pensioners, retirees and beneficiaries) who have entrusted a lifetime of payments with the hope of having a financially secure retirement through the management of these funds. The cost and consequences of corruption in the pension environment bring negative impacts to the industry, such as: research expenses, defense in litigation, negative reputation, participants´ loss of confidence, loss of new participant leads, among other losses. The Anti-Corruption Act (12,846/2013) provides companies that practice acts of corruption severe punishments. Its regulations, by means of Decree No. 8,420/2015, became essential to the implementation of standards and practices for the prevention, identification and punishment of misconduct, particularly regarding the Integrity Program. In this context, this research aims to identify whether from the point of view of EFPC officials, considering the perceptions of three hierarchical levels — directors, managers and analysts, there was a culture of ethics and if there have been any changes after regulatory bodies adequacy. The initial hypothesis was that the mere implementation of practices from legal obligation does not warrant the existence nor the maintenance of a culture of ethics. In order to confirm that, 10 employees from the 50 largest pension funds in Brazil were interviewed, they together account for more than BRL400 billion in investments — 51% of total assets under management of the entire sector. There are different mechanisms and processes to the ethics of pension funds, but the common element identified was the lack of a transparent and fair process for investigating and punishing illicit conducts (especially when these are practiced by occupants of higher hierarchical levels offices) which indicates a frail culture of ethics thus directly impacting the perception of employees about their institutions and, consequently, the EFPC reputation. This paper is expected to contribute to a better understanding of this complex subject and the factors directly related to the human dimension in integrity programs as well as their impact on a culture of effective ethics. This understanding will enable the development of actions that lead to an effective culture of ethics consequently minimizing misconduct in these entities.

Efter det svenska pensionssystemets reform 1998 har ett missnöje väckts hos många pensionssparare. Den allmänna pensionen tillsammans med tjänstepensionen räcker inte alltid till och därför finns det möjlighet till ett eget avdragsgillt privat pensionssparande. Det har dock visat sig att det avdragsgilltiga privata pensionssparandet är en ekonomisk förlustaffär för 76 procent av pensionsspararna. Då ett privat pensionssparande inte alltid är lönsamt, finns det frågeställningar angående om hur spararna bör agera. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka långsiktiga sparalternativ som finns för ett privat pensionssparande, utifrån en sparares perspektiv. Vidare ska vi belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar en individs val mellan de långsiktiga sparalternativ som finns. Slutligen ska vi förklara hur ett långsiktigt sparande skiljer sig åt beroende på vilken beskattningsbar förvärvsinkomst individen har. Studien har använt sig av metodtriangulering, genom att först genomföra en kvalitativ undersökning med bankaktörer, för att sedan genomföra en kvantitativ webbenkät. Analysen ledde fram konklusionen att det finns många långsiktiga sparformer att välja mellan, dock är valet av sparform högst individuellt. Vad gäller ett privat pensionssparande är denna sparform lönsammast för höginkomsttagare, på grund av skattesystemets utformning. Enligt denna uppsats empiriska resultat, har ett privat pensionssparande vissa fördelar jämfört med ett alternativt sparande. Detta indikerar att ett privat pensionssparande aldrig bör bytas ut, utan bör ses som ett komplement till ett alternativt långsiktigt sparande. / The aim with this paper is to examine which long-term saving alternatives there are for a private pension saving, from a savers perspective. Furthermore, we shall illuminate which factors that influence an individual’s choice between the long-term saving options that exists. Finally, we are going to explain how a long-term saving deviate due to which taxable income the individual have. In the frame of reference we introduce how the saving looks like in Sweden. Furthermore, former research and theories are introduced, which aims to illuminate the factors that influence the saver’s decision about saving alternative. The paper uses method triangulation, by first implementing a qualitative interview study with bank participants, followed by a quantitative questionnaire study online. The analysis leads to the conclusion that there are many saving forms to choose amongst, but the choice of saving form are very individual. In terms of a private pension saving this saving form are most profitable for high income earners, due to how the tax system is designed. According to the empirical results of this paper, a private pension saving have certain advantages compared with an alternative saving. This indicates that a private pension saving should not be replaced, but rather should be seen as a compliment to an alternative long-term saving.

The issue of an aging population, pension systems and pension themselves, are currently very actual, interesting and socially topics discussed. In my diploma thesis on simulation models of pension insurance due to demographic development in the CR I used simulation experiments, including those based primarily on the Monte Carlo method, tackling issues and negatives surrounding pension insurance with state contribution, which, as one of the financial products market, is the second pillar of pension system in the Czech Republic. Pension scheme of pension insurekce with state contibution gives participants the advantages and benefits in the form of state subsidy, the possibility of reducing the income tax base on the part of the contributions paid, proceeds from fund management and the possibility of contributions from the employer. On the other hand, play an important role, weaknesses and shortcomings of this system. Again, the most important may be considered inseparateness fund's assets from an estate participants, inappropriately designed state contribution, the high average age of participants and relatively low rate of return on fund management. Negatives mentioned above were reflected in the simulation experiments, when the linear state contribution was designed and was considered for the new system of pension saving in combination with a linear state contribution, which appears to be a more appropriate and beneficial for both participants on the one hand, and the state (impact on public spendings) on the other.

This thesis covers the development of pension schemes in the People's Republic of China from 1949 until now. The goal is to explain what is the structure of chinese pension schemes, why are the pension schemes divided between rural and urban areas and how are the migrant workers' pension schemes incorporated into the social security system. Furthermore the reforms and challenges of the current pension system are analysed as well as the linkage to the hukou reform and family planning reform.