A carreira esportiva é um processo longitudinal constituído por diversas fases caracterizadas pelo grau de especialização esportiva, fase da vida do(a) atleta referente ao desenvolvimento humano, relações sociais e nível acadêmico. Durante ela, ocorre uma série de acontecimentos que podem ser percebidos como transições na carreira esportiva, uma vez que transformam o modo como o(a) atleta se relaciona no mundo. Diferentemente dos trabalhos encontrados sobre transições de carreira no esporte que abarcam a compreensão das transições de carreira de forma objetiva, voltados principalmente para sua descrição objetiva, suas características e estratégias de enfrentamento desenvolvidas pelos(as) atletas, o objetivo desta proposta foi compreender como atletas de basquetebol vivenciam transições que fazem parte do processo de desenvolvimento da carreira esportiva a partir do relato de atletas e ex-atletas desta modalidade. Neste sentido, propusemos a utilização do termo transições durante a carreira esportiva no lugar de transições de carreira esportiva, que comumente é sinônimo de encerramento da carreira esportiva na literatura especializada, pois esta nomeação nos liberta das amarras da periodização do ensino da modalidade esportiva, das categorias previstas na modalidade, das condições de previsibilidade do imprevisível. O método de análise fundamentou-se no método fenomenológico desenvolvido por Husserl aplicado à entrevista fenomenológica. A partir da entrevista, de sua transcrição, das reduções fenomenológicas exigidas e da aplicação do método do cruzamento intencional para o encontro com as vivências essenciais dos(as) atletas, pudemos nos encontrar com cinco vivências essenciais nos processos de transição na carreira (eu me apaixonei... e fiquei, a eterna busca Nunca deixe de tentar, re-conhecer-se, com o basquete eu aprendi...coisas pra vida e balanço defensivo) que nos aproximaram de importantes questões existenciais exploradas por Merleau-Ponty: a liberdade, a temporalidade, o corpo no mundo e a intersubjetividade. Elas nos permitiram compreender o afeto desenvolvido na prática da modalidade esportiva no entrelaçamento à busca incessante, porém cuidadosa, por uma carreira como atleta profissional que possibilita o reconhecimento de si e do outro a partir dos relacionamentos desenvolvidos, num processo de aprendizado constante proporcionado pelo mundo do basquetebol e pelas relações intersubjetivas coconstituídas neste ambiente que transformam um grupo voltado para um objetivo numa comunidade encharcada de afeto, solidariedade entre pares e gratidão. A análise de tais vivências nos aproximou de duas vivências estruturantes: o vivido através(sado) o vivido com e a gratidão, as quais nos permitiram identificar a importância de técnicos, familiares e atletas mais experientes nos processos de transição durante a carreira esportiva e indicar que as intervenções possíveis a estes só auxiliam o(a) atleta se houver empatia e disposição para um encontro genuíno e que respeite quem é o(a) atleta e quais são suas necessidades. Os demais achados nos permitem realizar discussões acerca dos conceitos de carreira e transição com autores(as) das ciências do esporte e da gestão, enriquecendo de possibilidades de trabalhos futuros o rol de estudos sobre o fenômeno carreira esportiva / The sports career is a longitudinal process consisting of several phases characterized by the degree of specialization sports, stage of life of the athlete on human development, social relations and academic level. For it, a series of events occurs, which can be seen as sports career transitions, since they turn the way how the athlete interacts with the world. Unlike researches found on sport career transitions - covering the understanding of career transitions objectively, primarily targeted at their objective description, characteristics and coping strategies developed by athletes, the goal of this proposal was to understand how basketball players experience transitions that are part of the sport career development process, based on reports of athletes and former athletes of this sport. In this sense, we proposed the use of the term transitions during sports career in place of sports career transitions, which often is synonymous with the sports career retirement in the literature. This appointment frees us from the shackles of periodization of the sports education, from the categories set out in the sports, from the predictability conditions of unpredictable. The analysis´s method was based on the phenomenological method developed by Husserl applied to the phenomenological interview. From the interview, their transcription, the required phenomenological reductions and the intentional crossing method, we found five essential experiences of career transition (I fell in love and I stay; the eternal pursuit Never stop trying; recognize/know yourself; In basketball I learned things to life and defensive balance) that brought us important existential questions explored by Merleau-Ponty: freedom, temporality, the body in the world and intersubjectivity. They allow us to understand the affection developed in the practice of sports in the connection to the relentless pursuit of a career that permits the recognition of self and others from the relationships developed in a constant learning process provided by the basketball world and interpersonal relations co-constituted in this environment that transform a group geared towards a goal in a soaked community of affection, solidarity among peers and gratitude. The analysis of these experiences came in two structuring experiences, the lived through/crossed - the lived with and gratitude, which allowed us to identify the importance of technical, family and more experienced athletes in the transition processes during sports career and indicate that these possible interventions only help the athlete if there is empathy and willingness to genuine encounter and respects who the athlete is and what are his/her needs. The other findings allow us to hold discussions about the career and transition concepts with authors of sports and management sciences, enriching of future work possibilities the study list on the sports career phenomenon

Este trabalho tem o intuito de investigar a necessidade de um programa de formação e desenvolvimento profissional docente para professores de cursos de engenharia e outras ciências exatas; e propor um modelo viável e apropriado para este programa. O foco deste estudo foi averiguar, por meio de questionários, a percepção e opinião de professores da Escola Politécnica da USP (em três consultas distintas: todos os professores, professores recém-contratados e professores que já haviam participado de processo formativo oficial da Escola); de alunos de pós-graduação da Escola Politécnica da USP que cursaram disciplina de preparação pedagógica; e de um grupo de diversos professores que não são da USP. Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica para entendimento de características importantes do ensino superior no país, evolução do perfil dos estudantes, educação em engenharia como área de pesquisa e questões que envolvem formação de professores como verificação da necessidade, políticas públicas e institucionais. O presente trabalho traz também alguns exemplos de iniciativas de formação docente existentes no Brasil e em outros países, não apenas específicos para professores de engenharia, sendo possível conhecer tais exemplos com certa profundidade e seus resultados. Baseada na análise dos questionários e nos exemplos pesquisados, esta tese apresenta uma argumentação sólida sobre a necessidade de implementação de programa de formação e desenvolvimento profissional docente na Escola Politécnica da USP, bem como uma proposta para tal programa e para aprimoramento e criação de disciplinas de preparação pedagógica para a graduação e pós-graduação. Os resultados e sugestões apresentados neste trabalho podem, certamente, ser extrapolados para outros casos e instituições. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the need for teachers training and professional development program for STEM teachers and propose a viable and appropriate model for this program. The focus of this study was to investigate, through questionnaires, the perception and opinion of teachers of Polytechnic School of USP (in three different inquires: all teachers, newly hired teachers and teachers who had already participated in some pedagogical classes offered by the School), postgraduate students of the Polytechnic School of USP who attended a pedagogical preparation course and a group of several non-USP teachers. A literature review was carried out to understand some important particulars of higher education in the country, the evolution of the students\' profile, engineering education discipline, and issues involving teachers training such as verification of need, public and institutional policies. The present work also presents some examples of existing teachers training initiatives in Brazil and in other countries, not only specific for engineering teachers. It is possible to know these initiatives with a certain depth and its results, when they are available. Based on the analysis of the questionnaires and the examples studied, this thesis presents a solid argument about the need to implement teachers training and professional development program at the Polytechnic School of USP, as well as a proposal for such a program and for the improvement and creation of pedagogical preparation courses for undergraduate and graduate students. The results and suggestions presented in this thesis can certainly be extrapolated to other cases and institutions.

This thesis introduces a topic of mentoring of novice teachers in Finland. The main goal is to analyse a novice teachers peer-group mentoring model as a case study of project Paedeia Café and evaluate its advantages and disadvantages in comparison to dyadic form of mentoring. Further, to bring ideas for implementation of Finnish experiences into Czech context. In theoretical part, we define mentoring in teaching profession, then we briefly introduce specifics of Finnish education system, peer-group mentoring and Paedeia Café. The research part analyses interview with mentors, novice teachers and manager of the project as well as participating observations. The results of the study show that Paedeia Café is a project which connects experienced teachers and students in last years of their studies. The advantages of the project are financial savings and creation of a space for discussion about professional issues. Disadvantages are more difficult structure, confusion of mentor's roles and low support in academic literature. In the Czech Republic, we can be inspired by a connection of experienced teachers and students, also by a space for sharing teaching profession experience in informal atmosphere. This thesis is a contribution to a discussion about the teacher career system in the Czech Republic...

African American, Latinx, and Native American students continue to be disciplined in U.S. schools at rates 2 to 3 times higher than White students. In response, schools are seeking out approaches to reduce racial disciplinary disparities. Yet, it is not clear what influences educators’ active commitment to address racial equity in school discipline practice. This study used the Critical Incident Technique to explore the phenomenon of commitment to racial equity. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 educators who self-reported that they were initially non-committal or reluctant to address racial equity but became more committed over time. The interviews produced 210 critical incidents and the formation of 20 categories to describe what helped and hindered educators’ personal commitment and the observed commitment of others to racial equity in school discipline practice. Findings indicated Disaggregating School Data by Race and Ethnicity (self, other), Learning About Racial Discrimination in Society (self), and Sharing Equity-Focused Strategies (others) were categories reported to help educators’ commitment to racial equity. Avoiding Discussing Race (self) and Lowering Expectations and Stereotyping (others) were found to hinder educators’ commitment to racial equity. Participants’ responses also suggested active commitment to racial equity may require effort and exposure to multiple discriminatory or prejudicial events. Commitment formation was also found to be influenced by non-school experiences (i.e., events or incidents that occur outside of a school campus). Contributions of the study are discussed in relation to theory, school practices, and approaches to teacher professional development.

Commonly, teacher evaluations function as summative appraisal mechanisms of teacher performance and effectiveness, as accountability measures and assurances of quality instruction to educational stakeholders. Recently, greater interest in the potential for evaluations to contribute to improvements in teaching and learning has emerged. The use of professional teaching standards and evaluation rubrics represents a significant advance in the design of evaluation tools and procedures. Continuing implementation challenges however, means the potential for evaluations to notably enhance teachers’ professional development is far from realized within many educational contexts. The traditional focus on the individual within evaluations also fails to recognize the collaborative work of teaching teams and to capitalize on the potential of teachers to support improvement in each other’s practice. This inquiry explored the circumstances under which evaluations might promote professional development at the individual level and within teaching teams. The study is located within an international school, which utilizes the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Program curriculum. The research question driving the inquiry was; how can teachers and principals within IB PYP schools achieve a focus on professional development and systematic learning within teacher evaluation? An Instructional Rounds protocol was employed to promote a focus on professional development within this qualitative case study. Fullan’s Change Theory guided the implementation and analysis of change in the form and function of evaluations within the school. Findings suggest viable and valuable professional learning can be incorporated into and supported during evaluations. A structured process, incorporating greater frequency of feedback, check-ins, dialogue and collaborative work between supervisors and teachers is needed to produce the monitoring mechanism and sustained gentle pressure necessary to support on-going professional learning. Redefining and broadening concepts of improvement, of involved leadership and professional development is important. Limited focus on specific goals and connecting peers with similar goals encourages commitment to improvement efforts.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T19:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 6 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho tem como foco investigar as implicações do estudo de mestrado na prática docente de professores de ensino médio e profissionalizante. A pesquisa se justifica na medida em que a realização do curso de mestrado tem o sentido de possibilitar ao professor uma melhor capacitação profissional e uma visão de conhecimento que possibilite o incentivo à pesquisa em sala de aula, tendo em vista que os professores têm uma contribuição crucial para preparar os jovens, não só para encarar o futuro com confiança, mas para construí-lo de maneira determinada e responsável. A pesquisa teve como sustentação teorias que tratam da formação de professor, saberes docentes, desenvolvimento profissional e identidade profissional. Os autores bases são: Paulo Freire, Selma Garrido Pimenta, Antonio Nóvoa, Maurice Tardif, Miguel Arroyo, Maria Izabel da Cunha, entre outros. Para atingir o objetivo da investigação, foram entrevistados quatro professores de uma escola técnica federal que realizaram estudo de mestrado no perío / This work has as focus to investigate the implications of the master study of in the practical teaching of teachers of senior high school and professionalizing education. The research justifies itself while the realization of the master course has the meaning to make possible to the teacher a better professional qualification and a knowledge view that makes possible the incentive to the research in classroom, in view of that the teachers have a crucial contribution to prepare the young, not only to face the future with confidence, but to construct it in determinate and responsible way. The research had as sustentation theories that deal with the graduation of teachers, teaching known, professional development and professional identity the author’s bases are: Paulo Freire, Selma Garrido Pimenta, Antonio Nóvoa, Maurice Tardif, Miguel Arroyo, Maria Izabel da Cunha, among others. To reach the objective of the research, it had been interviewed four teachers of a federal technique school who had carried out study o

The international aid sector is a multi-billion dollar industry that has continued to grow in size, influence and complexity since the 1970s. The stakeholders are globalised and diverse, from elite UN politicians in New York and Geneva to malnourished infants in Somalia. This study attempts to focus on the professional development of one category of player in this multifaceted sector, that is the expatriate field leader employed international non-government organisations (INGO) and responsible for the implementation of projects in a cross-cultural environment. The study found that relationships, results, and grit were three foundational traits of exemplary expatriate filed leaders in the international aid sector. This collective case study takes a grounded theory approach to explore the professional journeys of 12 exemplary expatriate field practitioners in the international aid sector who work in Central Asia, Middle East, and North Africa with ten different INGOs and have an average of 12.5 years of field experience. The participants were nominated for the study by their supervisors or peers as being exemplary field leaders. The study purposes to gain insight into the professional journey of exemplary field leaders by examining their work-life experience from age 18 until present. Biographic narrative interviews were conducted and supplemented with professional development timelines to create the initial data set. The study provides insight into the processes of professional identity formation of expatriate aid workers and identifies seven events that shape their professional self-identity. These experiences consist of a variety of reflected appraisals and intrinsic rewards that validated or changed how the research participants saw themselves. Participants credited good relationships and seeing the results of their work as what keeps them going in spite of difficulties. On the other hand, the most difficult work experiences of the aid workers were not carjacking, riots, dust, heat, bugs, strange food, or low funding but relational conflicts and the grief associated with relational disappointments. Interpersonal relationships were core to both the best experiences and the most difficult experiences of the research participants. Gritty appears to be a better construct to describe exemplary field leaders than resilient. Grit is a trait defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals. The research participants demonstrated grit in many situations, not least of which was in their commitment to learn the local language in-situ of crisis-affected people. The research participants believed that learning local languages was a key to establish and maintain meaningful relationships and cooperation with local people. The study also includes a discussion of an apparent incongruity in the international aid sector. On one hand the sector promotes the necessity of humanitarian professionals to establish and maintain collaborative relationships with crisis-affected people, but survey evidence suggests most workers in the humanitarian sector put a low priority on learning the languages of crisis-affected people while others do not have sufficient opportunity to learn the local languages because of the well-entrenched tradition of short-term employment contracts of 1-12 months and the practice of churning (rotating experienced staff from project to project). It appears that the current system of doing business in the humanitarian sector may actually obstruct professional competence and contribute to failed outcomes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Matsuoka de Oliveira.pdf: 2954480 bytes, checksum: 8cf499c9d97d661eda985d82d17794aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this research was to investigate the process of professional development and the construction of identity of the Trainer-professor (TP), because his important role as the implementer of the Public Policy of Continued Education of Teachers of the State of Mato Grosso, in the Centres for the Education and Updating of Basic Education Professionals (Cefapro). In this context the training policy, the trainer-professors is responsible for monitoring and advising the project of continuing education for schools in the public school system, named Educator's Room (ER). The conception of continuous formation is understood by the collaborative perspective, valuing the school as locus of teacher education, the formative space for collective reflection of pedagogical practice. The research used a qualitative approach, with various methodological procedures for data collection as: public policy documents of formation of Mato Grosso, survey with questionnaires for teachers trainers of 15 Cefapros, memorials of formation of PFs, focus group with PFs and with school teachers and interview with training managers of SUFP. The subjects of the research were the Cefapro polo TPs of Rondonópolis-MT. The top authors who subsidized the studies were: Carlos Marcelo Garcia (1999), Denise Vaillant and Carlos Marcelo (2012), Francisco Imbernón (2009) and Antonio Nóvoa (2009) about the professional development, continuing education of teachers, training of trainer; Bernadette Angelina Gatti (2007) and Claude Dubar (2005) about the identity construction of TP. For the treatment of the data was used to analysis of prose (ANDRÉ, 1983) and the concepts of exotopia and otherness of Mikhail Bakthin. The research considered the training of TP, intrinsically linked to the training of teachers, both work in the same context formation, continuous formation developed at school, by the Educator's Room design. It was possible to analyze that the professional development of the TP the Cefapro happens, mainly, dialogical relations between TP and teacher at the school, when the trainer plays its mediator role in the monitoring of the ER, and yet, between the trainer and his peers, in the Trainer's Room, when reflected collectively on their role. The data showed that the Constitution of identity of TP in the midst of the contradictions of its function, since, now must implement the collaborative culture in continuous formation of teachers, according to education policy, now must perform the external programs offered by SEDUC-MT, in partnership with the Ministry of Education. Such programs are specific trainings, contrary to the concept of continuing education offered by own SEDUC-MT. It´s indispensable closer look at its Constitution of identity of the TP and for his professional development, given the importance for his role / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o processo de desenvolvimento profissional e a construção identitária do Professor Formador (PF), devido à importância do papel que desempenha como implementador da Política Pública de Formação Continuada de Professores do estado de Mato Grosso, em Centros de Formação e Atualização dos Profissionais da Educação Básica - Cefapro. Nesse contexto da política de formação, o professor formador é o responsável pelo acompanhamento e assessoramento do projeto de formação continuada de escolas da rede pública de ensino, denominado Sala do Educador (SE). A concepção de formação continuada é compreendida pela perspectiva colaborativa, que valoriza a escola como lócus de formação docente, o espaço formativo para a reflexão coletiva da prática pedagógica. A investigação utilizou-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, com diversos procedimentos metodológicos para coleta de dados como: documentos da política pública de formação de Mato Grosso, survey com questionários para os professores formadores dos quinze Cefapros, memoriais de formação de PFs, grupo focal com PFs e com professores da escola e entrevista com gestores de formação da SUFP. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram PFs do Cefapro do polo de Rondonópolis-MT. Os principais autores que subsidiaram os estudos foram: Carlos Marcelo Garcia (1999), Denise Vaillant e Carlos Marcelo (2012), Francisco Imbernón (2009) e António Nóvoa (2009) sobre o desenvolvimento profissional, formação continuada de professores e formação do formador; Bernadete Angelina Gatti (2007) e Claude Dubar (2005) quanto à construção identitária do PF. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a análise de prosa (ANDRÉ, 1983) e os conceitos de exotopia e de alteridade de Mikhail Bakthin. A pesquisa considerou as dimensões da formação dos formadores vinculadas às da formação de professores, por ambos trabalharem no mesmo contexto formativo, a formação continuada desenvolvida na escola, pelo Projeto da Sala do Educador. Dessa forma, foi possível analisar que o desenvolvimento profissional do PF do Cefapro acontece, principalmente, nas relações dialógicas entre formador e professor da escola, quando o formador desempenha sua função mediadora no acompanhamento da Sala do Educador, e ainda, entre o formador e seus pares, na Sala do Formador, quando reflete coletivamente sobre o seu papel. Os dados evidenciaram que a constituição identitária do PF se dá em meio às contradições de sua função, uma vez que, ora deve implementar a cultura colaborativa na formação continuada de professores, obedecendo à política de formação, ora deve realizar os programas externos oferecidos pela SEDUC-MT, em parceria com o MEC. Tais programas são capacitações pontuais, contrárias à concepção de formação continuada proposta pela própria SEDUC-MT. É imprescindível um olhar mais atento à constituição identitária do PF voltada ao seu desenvolvimento profissional, dada a importância de suas funções

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elaine Cristina Sena.pdf: 578206 bytes, checksum: 670e8c1b626b865b1fcf2a23992996b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-27 / The inclusion of people with disability has been occupying an important space in the country´s political and social scenarios, a space gained from the movements and the people with disabilities themselves, their families and the professionals who are engaged in the issue, aimed at achieving rights and the occupation of their places in society. Addressing the inclusion of the deaf in a labor market that has increasingly presented itself as competitive, exclusionary and permeated with qualification requirements and expertise for directing an employable worker profile, has shown that the difficulties and barriers that have increasingly most limiting, not necessarily for their inclusion, since the legislation has advanced in this respect, but the real possibility of his or her professional development in the company. As work is the means of social inclusion that most favors the deaf person in his\her quest for independence and recognition, it also comes up as a limiting factor for his\her aspirations of growth and professional development. Thus, the main objective of this study was to identify the barrier and limitations the deaf experience in the work situation by the lack of career opportunities. The intention with this work is to raise the discussion not only about a law that already exists as an affirmative action, but also to reflect upon it from the point of view of the real meaning of "inclusion", and how the deaf are being treated in relation to the opportunities in organizations. The research was conducted with the deaf workers inserted in the companies and with the business employers, in accordance with the "Quota Law" into effect, which compels the hiring of people with disability at a rate of 2% to 5% of total employees, developing through interviews with two companies from Sao Paulo, one industry and one engeneering projects management company, represented by the direct supervisors of the deaf workers and by the Human Resources professionals. Further interviews were conducted with six deaf workers, four of those from the interviewed companies. The research proved to be of great importance for studies in this area, presenting some relevant data brought by the interviewed who indicated the persistence of prejudice and discrimination in some relation to the deaf worker, object of this study, even at a time when the discourses are in the order of inclusion as fact, and practices that do not conceive differences in treatment anymore, in access to work and to professional development opportunities within the organizations / A inclusão das pessoas com deficiência vem ocupando espaço importante no cenário político e social do país, espaço este conquistado a partir dos movimentos e reivindicações dos próprios deficientes, suas famílias e profissionais envolvidos com a questão, para a conquista de direitos e a ocupação de seus lugares na sociedade. Considerada essa perspectiva, tratar da inclusão do surdo no mercado de trabalho que se apresenta cada vez mais competitivo e excludente, permeado pelas exigências de qualificação e competências que emergem para um perfil de trabalhador empregável, as dificuldades e barreiras se apresentam cada vez mais limitantes, não necessariamente para o sua inserção, uma vez que a legislação tem favorecido nesse aspecto, mas na possibilidade real de seu desenvolvimento profissional na empresa. Sendo o trabalho o meio de inclusão social que mais privilegia o surdo na sua busca por independência e reconhecimento, mostra-se também como limitador para suas aspirações de crescimento e desenvolvimento profissional. O objetivo principal desse estudo foi identificar as barreiras e limitações que os surdos na situação de trabalho vivenciam pela falta de oportunidades de ascensão profissional. A intenção com este trabalho é trazer para discussão não somente a questão de uma lei que já existe como ação afirmativa, mas cabe aqui refletir sobre a lei do ponto de vista do sentido real da inclusão e como os surdos estão sendo tratados em relação às oportunidades nas organizações. A pesquisa foi realizada com o trabalhador surdo inserido nas empresas, e com as empresas empregadoras, em conformidade com a lei de cotas em vigor que obriga a contratação das pessoas com deficiência numa proporção de 2% a 5% do total de funcionários. A pesquisa se desenvolveu por meio de entrevistas com duas empresas de São Paulo, uma indústria e uma gerenciadora de projetos de engenharia, representadas pelos supervisores diretos do trabalhador surdo pelos profissionais de Rh da empresa, e de outro lado foram entrevistados seis trabalhadores surdos, sendo quatro das respectivas empresas entrevistadas. A pesquisa se mostrou de grande importância para os estudos nessa área, no sentido de apresentar alguns dados relevantes trazidos pelos entrevistados no sentido de permanecerem alguns preconceitos e discriminações em relação ao trabalhador surdo, especificamente objeto desse estudo, mesmo num momento em que os discursos são da ordem da inclusão como fato, e que as práticas nesse sentido não concebem mais diferenças de tratamento no acesso ao trabalho e às oportunidades de desenvolvimento profissional no âmbito das organizações

[pt] A partir da constatação de que, embora venha ganhando destaque, o período de iniciação à docência não é privilegiado para investigações no Brasil e, portanto, reconhecendo a necessidade de continuidade de investimentos na temática, desenvolvo esta pesquisa cujo objetivo é ampliar o conhecimento sobre aspectos do trabalho, do desenvolvimento profissional e da socialização de professores iniciantes em uma perspectiva relacional. Baseando-me no estudo sobre o ciclo de vida profissional docente (HUBERMAN, 1995), tomo como sujeitos professores que se encontram nas duas primeiras fases da sua carreira, que possuem até seis anos de atuação profissional. Sustentada na noção de campo (BOURDIEU, 2009) que implica pensar relacionalmente, trabalho com iniciantes de três redes de ensino, duas públicas e uma privada, a fim de identificar homologias e divergências no modo como a organização do trabalho se processa e se objetiva nessas diferentes redes, no Rio de Janeiro. A literatura (MARCELO GARCÍA, 1999; 2009; PAPI; MARTINS, 2010) sobre o período de inserção mostra que o início da carreira docente apresenta demandas específicas e que esse momento pode ser experimentado de modo mais fácil ou mais difícil, dependendo do acolhimento, do apoio e do lugar em que atuam os novatos. Assim, busco saber como vivenciam esse período docentes de diferentes redes e que aspectos parecem favorecer ou dificultar a inserção e o desenvolvimento profissional dos mesmos. Optei por trabalhar com narrativas de professores porque meu interesse foi construir esse objeto a partir da visão de quem está vivendo essa fase. Foram realizadas vinte e três entrevistas semiestruturadas, do tipo depoimento, com professores das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental e da educação infantil. Através delas pude apreender aspectos do cotidiano de trabalho e identificar estratégias (BOURDIEU, 2004) das instituições e dos agentes para se inserirem nesses espaços sociais, bem como perceber de que maneiras elas influenciam o seu modo de se constituir “professor” e sua perspectiva de carreira. No diálogo “empiria-teoria”, a pesquisa se beneficia das contribuições de Bourdieu (2004), que ajudam a iluminar as estratégias de inserção presentes no campo educacional, bem como homologias e discrepâncias presentes entre elas e como vão influenciando a constituição do habitus associado à função docente (PENNA, 2011); de Marcelo García (1999; 2009) e Marcelo García e Vaillant (2012), no que tange ao desenvolvimento profissional de professores e ao início da carreira docente; de Barroso (2005), que fornece elementos para pensar as bases de uma autonomia construída; entre outros. As análises revelam formas variadas de investimento em desenvolvimento profissional e lógicas distintas de construção do trabalho. Por um lado, reforçam achados de outras pesquisas no que tange à importância dos pares na inserção profissional e confirmam que o capital tempo, ainda que sofra variações, é fator de distinção entre jovens professores e professores mais antigos. Por outro, assinalam a importância da organização das redes e das escolas na socialização dos iniciantes, que vão construindo percepções e intenções diferenciadas em relação ao seu trabalho, à profissão e aos investimentos na carreira. / [en] Upon finding that the period of initiation in the teaching profession has not been privileged with investigations in Brazil—although it has gained recent prominence—and, therefore, acknowledging the need for continuity in terms of investments in this theme, I hereby develop this research work, with the goal of expanding current knowledge on the aspects of the work, the professional development, and the socialization process of beginning teachers, from a relational perspective. Drawing upon the study of the professional life cycle of teachers (HUBERMAN, 1995), I have taken, as subjects of the study, teachers who find themselves in the first two phases of their career, having up to six years of professional experience. Supported by the notion of field (BOURDIEU, 2009), which implies thinking relationally, I have worked with beginning teachers of three school systems—two schools in the public school system (municipal and federal), and one in the private school system—in order to identify homologies and divergences in the way that work structure is intended and processed in these different systems, in Rio de Janeiro. Literature on the period of initiation (MARCELO, 1999, 2009; PAPI; MARTINS, 2010) shows that the beginning of the teaching career has specific demands, and that this period may be experienced with more or less difficulty, depending on the acceptance and support of beginning teachers and their work location. Thus, I have sought to know how teachers of different systems experience this period and which aspects seem to foster or hinder their professional insertion and development. I chose to work with teachers’ narratives, as my interest was to build this object of study from the viewpoint of those who experience this phase. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews (testimonial style) were carried out with teachers of the first few grades of elementary and early childhood education. Through these interviews, I was able to apprehend aspects of their daily work and identify strategies (BOURDIEU, 2004) used by institutions and agents to gain ground in these social spaces. I also perceived how these strategies influence their way of becoming a “teacher” and their career perspectives. As regards the dialogue between empiricism and theory, this research project benefits from the contributions made by Bourdieu (2004), which help clarify the professional insertion strategies present in the field of education, as well as homologies and discrepancies present in them and how they come to influence the formation of the habitus associated with the teaching position. The contributions made by Marcelo (1999, 2009) and Marcelo e Vaillant (2012) touch on the professional development of teachers and the beginning of the teaching career, and Barroso (2005) provides elements to reflect on the basis of autonomy construction, among others. Analyses show various ways to invest in professional development, and distinct logical processes of work building. On the one hand, they reinforce findings of other research projects concerning the importance of peers in professional insertion and confirm that time (as a valuable asset), although it may vary, is a differing factor between young teachers and more experienced professionals. On the other hand, the analyses highlight the importance of organizing the school systems and units in the socialization process of beginning teachers, who build their own perceptions and different intentions in relation to their work, profession, and investments in their career.