Personal well-being is a state that involves feelings and thoughts. This concept is investigated in learning area Life Orientation and integrated in the curriculum as a learning outcome for Further Education and Training learners in grades 10-12. A literature study was done to discuss/clarify dimensions of personal well-being that is general subjective, psychological, social and spiritual well-being and mental health. Perspectives, theories, principles and features pertaining to well-being were investigated from an international and local context. An exploratory study used a qualitative approach to investigate and observe perceptions of a small sample of learners of personal well-being. Data gathering used focus groups which completed structured group work activities. The results indicate that learner participants have needs to be satisfied to reach a sense of personal well-being. Based on findings, recommendations regarding coping strategies, intervention strategies and support were made. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

No description available.

Studien undersökte förekomsten av brottsligt beteende hos ungdomar i allmänhet och hur sociala och personliga resurser kan fungera som skydds- eller riskfaktorer i synnerhet samt vilka skillnader som finns mellan flickor och pojkar. Undersökningen gjordes på 1324 ungdomar i årskurs nio genom projektet LoRDIA. Data analyserades med t-test, Spearman's korrelationsanalys och hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys. Resultaten visade att den starkaste prediktorn för ungdomars brottsliga beteende var deras kamraters brottsliga beteende. Socialt välbefinnande visade sig vara en viktigare personlig resurs för flickorna när det handlade om att predicera brottsligt beteende. Psykologiskt välbefinnande var viktigare för pojkarna Överlag låg studiens resultat i linje med tidigare forskning. Avvikande resultat diskuterades. Undersökningen relaterades till möjlighetshorisonter och ungdomars uppfattning om vilka studie och yrkesval de stod inför. Slutligen föreslogs hur företag och branschorganisationer kan tänka och agera från studiens resultat. / The study examined the prevalence of criminal behavior among adolescents in general and how social and personal resources can act as protection or risk factors in particular and also what differences exist between girls and boys. The survey was conducted on 1324 youths in ninth grade through the LoRDIA project. Data was analyzed by t-test, Spearman's correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the strongest predictor of young people's criminal behavior was peer delinquency. Social well-being turned out to be an important personal resource for the girls when it was about predicting criminal behavior and psychological well-being was important for the boys. While overall the results were in line with previous research, some divergent results were also discussed. The study was related to horizons of opportunities and to young people's perception of the educational and career choices they faced. Finally ways for companies and organizations to think and act on the results of the study were suggested.

The rising rates of high-risk behaviours, such as substance abuse, unsafe sexual practices and violence in South African schools, have accentuated the need for intervention and prevention programmes in the education system. High-risk behaviour is related to changes and uncertainties at community level. The traditional values and behavioural codes are undermined and there is no corrective action from the community to control this behaviour. This study describes the need for support of adolescents, who are in a state of development and change and whose abilities are increasingly being tested by stress factors from a rapidly changing environment. To meet these needs for support, an experimental peer support programme was implemented in schools. Peer support involves the provision of information about healthy lifestyles and high-risk behaviour, such as substance abuse, crime and HIV/AIDS-related aspects. Through peer support, healthy lifestyles can be modelled, and a forum for the discussion of problems established. Peer supporters can assist their peers in dealing with problems and a context can be created in which new and healthier behavioural patters can develop. Peer support is important because educators and teachers are unable to manage the large number of learners who are experiencing problems and schools offer limited professional psychological support to learners. The objectives mainly entailed the prevention of high-risk behaviour related to HIV/AIDS, crime and substance abuse, as well as the enhancement of learners’ psychological well-being and the social climate in schools. The peer support system was implemented in four experimental schools and four similar schools served as a control group. The schools involved were selected by means of a stratified sampling method. A total amount of 2045 respondents between the ages of 12 and 21 years participated in this study. The peer support system was evaluated in terms of a pre and post-measurement in order to determine the impact of the system on the schools and learners in the schools, and to determine whether the set objectives have been achieved. The hypothesis was that the peer support system would have a positive effect in reducing high-risk behaviour and improving the psychological well-being of learners. A questionnaire was used as a pre and post-measurement tool to determine whether there had been significant changes and/or improvements regarding high-risk behaviour, crime, school climate and psychological well-being in the school system. The experimental and control school communities were compared. Significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group in terms of behavioural problems in the school, school climate, high-risk sexual behaviour and psychological well-being. Learners’ perception of problem behaviour in the school remained unchanged in the experimental group, whilst the control group’s measurements became statistically significantly (p<0,05) more negative over time. A statistically significant difference at the 5% significance level was found between the control group’s pre and post-measurements regarding learners’ experience of the school climate. The control group’s experience had become more negative at post-measurement, whilst the experimental group’s experience had remained unchanged over time. A statistically significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups (p<0,001) in respect of the level of sexual experience. The number of sexually experienced learners in the control group had increased at post-measurement, whilst the level of learners’ sexual experience had remained constant in the experimental group. Furthermore, a significant increase (p<0,001) was found in the level of sexual activity among the control group during the last 30 days, but not in the experimental group. This implicates that the intervention has had a preventative effect that counters the normal tendency of increased sexual activity with age. More than 60% of learners viewed their friends as sexually experienced. The perceived group norm for the experimental group remained the same over 18 months, whereas a significant increase (p<0,001) was found in the control group. No decrease was found in the psychological well-being of learners in the experimental group at post-measurement, whereas that of the control group had decreased significantly (p<0,05). No statistically significant differences were found for substance abuse and personal control of risk among learners. Although many other variables could play a role in these changes, the conclusion can be made that the peer support system probably had a preventative effect in schools. The study further indicates that approximately two thirds of all learners had been aware of the system and about 40% had used it. The peer system was generally evaluated as positive and the biggest problems were related to the implementation and organization of the system, as well as the confidentiality of information. Recommendations have been made regarding the improvement of project implementation. If enhanced co-operation from school staff can be obtained during implementation of the intervention, the peer support system could function better and a bigger impact in schools could be achieved. In conclusion, it is important that intervention programmes be promoted efficiently in schools in order to facilitate optimal functioning. / Dissertation (MA (Research Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Psychology / unrestricted

Ce mémoire a pour but de vérifier l’existence possible d’un lien entre le rapport des individus aux nouvelles technologies d’information et de communication (NTIC) et leur niveau de bien-être psychologique. Également, il a comme intention de vérifier si ce lien est modéré en fonction de la génération à laquelle appartiennent les individus. Le dernier objectif est d’évaluer si le genre et le type d’emploi influencent ce lien entre le rapport aux NTIC et le niveau de bien-être psychologique. L’étude a été réalisée auprès de 1034 panélistes de l’Observateur. Les données utilisées ont été recueillies lors de l’étude Relations et différences intergénérationnelles. Les résultats de cette étude montrent qu’il existe un lien entre certaines dimensions du rapport aux NTIC des individus et le niveau de bien-être psychologique. De plus, ce lien est parfois modéré en fonction de la génération à laquelle appartiennent les individus. En ce qui concerne l’influence du genre et du type d’emploi sur le lien entre le rapport aux NTIC et le niveau de bien-être psychologique, nos résultats ne montrent aucun lien entre le genre ou le secteur d’activité et le niveau de bien-être psychologique. Cependant, plus un individu a un niveau de scolarité élevé, plus son niveau de bien-être psychologique est élevé. Aussi, le fait d’occuper un emploi à temps partiel est associé à une diminution du niveau de bien-être psychologique chez les individus appartenant à certaines générations. / The aim of this dissertation is, firstly, to verify the link between the predisposition of individuals towards new information and communication technologies (NICTs) and their level of psychological well-being. It then seeks to verify whether this link varies when individuals belong to different generations. Finally, it assesses whether gender and type of employment influence the link between the relationship to NICTs and the level of psychological well-being. The study was carried out among 1034 panelists of the Observer. The results of this study show that there is a link between specific dimensions of individuals' relationship to NICTs and the level of psychological well-being. Moreover, this relation is sometimes moderate depending on the generation to which the individuals belong. Furthermore, our results show no connection between gender or sector of activity and the level of psychological well-being. However, the higher an individual's level of education, the higher his or her level of psychological well-being. Part-time employment is also associated with a decrease in the level of psychological well-being among individuals belonging to certain generations.

The research focused on constructing a psychological well-being profile for flourishing practices for junior leaders by establishing the relationship between junior leaders' dispositional attributes (emotional affect, career orientations, and organisational commitment) and the flourishing attribute (positive psychological functioning). A nonprobability purposive sampling quantitative method was applied to a sample of South African National Defence Force (SANDF) personnel in Gauteng (N = 458) at junior leadership levels to explore the statistical relationship between their dispositional attributes (emotional affect, career orientations, and organisational commitment) and the flourishing attribute (positive psychological functioning) attribute. Multiple regression analyses indicated the dispositional attributes with the exception of emotional affect as significant predictors of the flourishing variable. The structural equation modelling (SEM) indicated a good fit of the data with the correlation-derived measurement model. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses indicated that age, race, gender and years of service as significant moderators of the relationship between the participants‘ dispositional attributes (emotional affect, career orientations and organisational commitment) and flourishing (positive psychological functioning) attribute. Tests for mean differences discovered that participants differed in terms of their age and race. The study made a significant contribution to the bulk of knowledge in the field of Industrial and Organisational Psychology. On a theoretical level, the study deepened the understanding of the individual and cognitive, affective, conative and relations management dimensions of the hypothesised psychological well-being profile. On an empirical level, the study developed an empirically tested psychological well-being profile that informs flourishing practices for individual junior leaders and organisational levels. On a practical level, dispositional and flourishing practices that inform the dimensions of the psychological well-being profile were recommended. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / Ph. D. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

La santé psychologique en emploi s’avère un sujet d’intérêt au Québec vu ses nombreuses retombées importantes sur les travailleurs et les organisations. Parmi les différents secteurs d’activités, les travailleurs du milieu de l’éducation, plus spécifiquement les directions d’établissement scolaire, présentent un état de santé psychologique moindre que la population générale. Des responsabilités professionnelles composées de conflits relationnels et d’une surcharge de travail engendrent un coût psychologique pour ces travailleurs. Il s’avère donc important d’identifier les moyens qui permettront d’améliorer et de maintenir une bonne santé psychologique. Le modèle des demandes ressources de l’emploi avance que les ressources interagissent avec les demandes de manière à réduire l’effet négatif de ces dernières sur la santé psychologique en emploi. La thèse aura pour objectif de valider l’effet protecteur de certaines ressources en fonction des principales causes de mauvaise santé des directions d’établissement scolaire. En effet, certaines ressources seraient plus appropriées en fonction des caractéristiques de l’emploi. En considérant que leur état de santé psychologique est principalement engendré par les conflits relationnels et la surcharge de travail vécue en emploi, les habiletés politiques et le sentiment d’efficacité personnel ont été retenus comme ressource. En effet, les études antérieures montrent que posséder un niveau élevé d’habiletés politiques protégerait des difficultés relationnelles, alors que le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle s’avérait utile face à une grande charge de travail. Sous cette perspective, le premier article vise à étudier la structure factorielle des dimensions de l’inventaire des habiletés politiques auprès d’un poste de gestion et plus particulièrement de directions d’établissement scolaire. Une étude antérieure réalisée auprès de gestionnaires montre que l’outil se déploie en cinq facteurs chez cette population. Les constats indiquent que l’outil se déploie en quatre facteurs pour une population de directions d’établissement scolaire, tel que l’outil original validé auprès d’une population non-cadre. Le deuxième article valide le rôle des habiletés politiques comme ressources personnelles pour minimiser l’effet néfaste des conflits interpersonnels sur la santé psychologique en emploi, en concordance avec le modèle demande ressource de l’emploi. Le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle sera également considéré comme étant une ressource personnelle pour contrer l’effet des demandes de l’emploi sur la santé psychologique en emploi. Les résultats constatent que seulement la dimension des habiletés politiques, astuce sociale, modère la relation entre l’anxiété et les demandes de l’emploi. / Psychological health at work is a subject of interest in Quebec because of is many important repercussions on workers and organizations. Among the different sectors of activity, workers in the education sector, more specifically school principals, have a lower level of psychological health than the general population. Professional responsibilities composed of relational conflicts and overwork, generate a psychological cost for these workers. It is therefore important to identify ways to improve and maintain good psychological health. The Employment Resource Requests model suggests that resources interact with demands to reduce the negative impact of demands on psychological health in employment. The aim of the thesis will be to validate the protective effect of certain resources according to the main causes of poor health of school management. Indeed, some resources would be more appropriate depending on the characteristics of the job. Considering that their psychological state of health is mainly caused by relational conflicts and the overload of work experienced in employment, political skills and the feeling of personal efficiency were retained as resources. Indeed, previous studies show that having a high level of political skills would protect relational difficulties, while the feeling of self-efficacy proved useful in the face of a large workload. From this perspective, the first article aims to study the factorial structure of the dimensions of the inventory of political skills in a management position and more specifically school management. An earlier study of managers shows that the tool is deployed in five factors in this population. The findings indicate that the tool is deployed in four factors for a population of principals, such as the original tool validated with a non-executive population. The second article validates the role of political skills as a personal resource to minimize the adverse effect of interpersonal conflict on psychological health in employment, in line with the employment demand model. Self-efficacy will also be considered as a personal resource to counter the effect of job demands on psychological health in employment. The results find that only the dimension of political skills, social trick, moderates the relationship between anxiety and job demands.

U N I V E R Z I T A K A R L O V A FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Sociální politika a sociální práce Katedra sociální práce Diplomová práce Master Thesis Bc. Sarah Asfour Factors hampering the integration of Refugee Children Faktory ztěžující integraci uprchlických dětí Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Oldřich Matoušek 2018 ABSTRACT The main aim of this thesis is to describe the factors that hamper the integration of Refugee Children into a new society. Factors that are mentioned in relation to integration are connected with an education gap, unfamiliarity with the language spoken in a new society, a bad economic situation of a family and its consequences and unstable or inappropriate housing. Social economic factors are also mentioned in the thesis. Child Labour closely linked to family conditions are discuess together with the worst form of it: child requitment into army. Refugee children coming from various backgrounds also may face many psychologically challenging situations when forcefully or willingly leaving their home country and other significant situations connected to their refugee status. In this thesis, I discuss psychological distresses that influence children's mental state due to war experience, migration experience, extended stays in refugee camps or post-migration stressors. In this thesis the situation of...

Объектом исследования явилась эмоционально-личностное благополучие старшеклассников. Предметом исследования стала взаимосвязь эмоционально-личностного благополучия старшеклассников с межличностными отношениями в классе и их восприятием стилей родительского воспитания. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (74 источника) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик и таблицы. Объем магистерской диссертации 115 страниц, на которых размещены 20 рисунков и 14 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя теоретический обзор подходов к изучению благополучия зарубежными и отечественными психологами понятие эмоционально-личностного благополучия, были проанализированы представления о возрастных особенностях старшеклассников. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию роли в возрастных процессах отношений в семье и в школе. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: методике «Самооценка эмоционально-личностного благополучя» Л.В. Караптян и Г.А. Глотовой, методике «Субъективное благополучие личности» Р.М. Шамионова и Т.В. Бесковой, социометрического опроса Я. Л. Морено, опроснику «Эмоционально-психологический климат класса», методике «Родителей оценивают дети» Также в главе представлен описательный, сравнительный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was the emotional and personal well-being of high school students. The subject of the study was the relationship between the emotional and personal well-being of high school students with interpersonal relationships in the classroom and their perception of parenting styles. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (74 sources) and an appendix, which includes forms of the methods used and tables. The volume of the master's thesis is 115 pages, which contain 20 figures and 14 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, indicates the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of the study, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a theoretical review of approaches to the study of well-being by foreign and domestic psychologists, the concept of emotional and personal well-being, ideas about the age characteristics of high school students were analyzed. Sections devoted to the study of the role in the age processes of relations in the family and at school are presented. The conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the method of "Self-assessment of emotional and personal well-being" by L.V. Karaptyan and G.A. Glotova, the methodology "Subjective well-being of the individual" R.M. Shamionova and T.V. Beskova, a sociometric survey by Ya. L. Moreno, the questionnaire "Emotional and psychological climate of the class", the methodology "Parents are assessed by children" The chapter also presents a descriptive, comparative and correlation analysis of the results of the study. Chapter 2's conclusions include the main findings of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, are summarized, the practical significance of the study is substantiated, and possible prospects for further development of this issue are described.

Introduction. L’ostéoarthrose trapézo-métacarpienne (OTM) est l’une des ostéoarthroses (OA) de la main la plus prévalente, la plus douloureuse et la plus handicapante. Bien qu’une approche biopsychosociale soit préconisée dans la gestion de douleur chronique, la majorité des études sur l’OTM ne documentent que ses composantes physiques. La gestion de cette pathologie est souvent jugée sous-optimale, probablement due à une méconnaissance de la maladie et à l’absence de guide de pratique clinique. Ce travail doctoral a visé à (1) documenter l’efficacité des interventions non-chirurgicales et chirurgicales et (2) investiguer les impacts de l’OTM dans diverses sphères de la vie, (3) examiner les facteurs biopsychosociaux qui influencent la sévérité de la douleur et des incapacités fonctionnelles, et (4) documenter l’utilisation des ressources en santé que font les personnes atteintes d’OTM. Méthodologie. Le premier objectif a eu recours à deux revues systématiques en suivant la méthodologie de la Cochrane Collaboration. Pour les deuxième, troisième et quatrième objectifs, une étude descriptive a été menée auprès de 228 participants atteints d’OTM. Ils ont répondu à un questionnaire comprenant diverses échelles dûment validées. Des régressions linéaires multiples ont été utilisées afin d’identifier les facteurs de la sévérité de la douleur et des incapacités fonctionnelles. Résultats. Les résultats des revues systématiques ont montré des preuves scientifiques de qualité faible à modérée qui appuient l’efficacité des interventions suivantes en termes de douleur, d’incapacités fonctionnelles, de satisfaction et/ou d’événements indésirables: (1) injections de solution saline (intra-/extra-articulaire); (2) orthèse thermoplastique du pouce; (3) mobilisation nerveuse; (4) combinaison des exercices/mobilisation nerveuse et articulaire; (5) trapézectomie par voie antérieure ou postérieure; (6) trapézectomie et reconstruction ligamentaire avec ½ flexor carpi radialis (FCR) et tunnel métacarpien; (7) trapézectomie et reconstruction ligamentaire et interposition tendineuse en utilisant ½FCR et tunnel métacarpien; et (8) arthroplastie par distraction d’hématome. Pour ce qui est des résultats de l’étude descriptive, les participants étaient âgés de 63 ans en moyenne et plus de 80% d’entre eux rapportaient de la douleur d’intensité modérée à sévère (≥ 4/10). Leur score moyen au QuickDASH (incapacités fonctionnelles) était modéré (46,1/100). Leur score moyen de qualité de vie physique (SF-12v2) était inférieur à la moyenne de la population générale (41,0 vs 50,0). Près de 30% des participants présentaient des signes cliniquement significatifs d’anxiété et/ou de dépression. La fréquence de la douleur et le niveau d’incapacités fonctionnelles expliquaient 59,0 % de la variance dans la sévérité de la douleur tandis que le sexe, l'intensité de la douleur, la dépression et l'éducation expliquaient 60,1 % de la variance dans les scores d’incapacités fonctionnelles. Acétaminophène, anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens oraux, injections intra-articulaires de cortisone, orthèses, massage/exercices et application de chaleur/froid étaient fréquemment employées, tandis que les principes ergonomiques, des aides techniques, de la mobilisation nerveuse et des interventions psychosociales l’étaient beaucoup moins. Conclusions. L’OTM peut engendrer une douleur sévère, affectant divers aspects de la vie quotidienne. Les connaissances générées par cette thèse permettront de bonifier les recommandations des guides de pratique pour l’OTM, ainsi que de faciliter la gestion personnalisée de cette pathologie dans une perspective biopsychosociale. / Introduction. Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (TMO) is one of the most prevalent, painful, and handicapping hand osteoarthritis (OA). Although a biopsychosocial approach is advocated in the management of chronic pain, the majority of studies on TMO document only its physical components. The non-surgical management of this pathology is often considered suboptimal, probably due to the poor understanding of the TMO and the absence of a clinical practice guide. This doctoral work thus aimed to (1) document the efficacy of non-surgical and surgical interventions and (2) investigate the impacts of TMO in various spheres of daily life, (3) examine the biopsychosocial factors that influence the severity of pain and functional disability, and (4) document the healthcare resources used by TMO patients. Methods. To answer the first objective, two systematic reviews were conducted using the methodology of the Cochrane Collaboration. For the second, third and forth objectives, a descriptive study was carried out among 228 participants with TMO. They answered a questionnaire comprising various scales duly validated. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify factors of pain severity and functional disability. Results. The results of the systematic reviews showed low to moderate quality evidence supporting the efficacy of the following interventions in terms of pain, physical function, satisfaction and/or adverse events: (1) saline injections (intra-/extra-articular); (2) custom-made thermoplastic thumb orthosis; (3) nerve mobilization; (4) combination of exercises/nerve and joint mobilization; (5) trapeziectomy by anterior or posterior approach; (6) trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction with ½ flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and metacarpal tunnel; (7) trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition using ½FCR and metacarpal tunnel; and (8) distraction hematoma arthroplasty. The descriptive study revealed that the participants were on average 63 years old and over 80% of them reported moderate to severe pain (≥ 4/10). Their mean QuickDASH score was moderate (46.1/100) for functional disability. Their mean physical quality of life score (SF-12v2) was lower than the average in the general population (41.0 vs 50.0). Nearly 30% of the participants had clinically significant signs of anxiety and/or depression. Pain frequency and magnitude of disability explained 59.0% of the variance in pain severity while sex, pain intensity, depression and education explained 60.1% of the variance in functional disability scores. Acetaminophen, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cortisone injections, orthotics, hand exercise, hand massage and heat/cold application were frequently employed, while ergonomic principles, assistive devices, nerve mobilization and psychosocial intervention were much less used. Conclusions. TMO can cause severe pain and affect various aspects of daily life. The new knowledge generated by this thesis will allow to improve the recommendations for TMO, thus facilitating a tailored management of this pathology from a biopsychosocial perspective.