Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Ribeirão Preto (CMERP) a partir de três aspectos essenciais - os contornos do seu desenho institucional, os conteúdos dos seus processos deliberativos e os sentidos da participação em seu contexto. Es-peramos que essa análise possa indicar os caminhos que têm sido tomados por conselheiras e conselheiros no espaço participativo do Conselho, bem como compreender suas conquistas e desafios na direção da ampliação democrática. Os objetivos específicos são a investigação sobre o traçado e o funcionamento instituicional, a efetividade dos processos deliberativos e as rela-ções que se estabelecem numa conjuntura de partilha de poder entre o Poder Público e a socie-dade civil. O enfoque metodológico é qualitativo, com a reunião de dados documentais e a coleta de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O fenômeno da participação democrática no Brasil, em especial por meio das mais diversas instituições participativas criadas desde a redemocratização do país, tem gerado um campo vasto de pesquisas empíricas que tomam por base a democracia como processo de deliberação argumentativa e buscam avaliar ganhos e dificuldades desse ca-minho. Os resultados produzidos dentro de algumas décadas de funcionamento das instituições participativas ganham a centralidade da agenda de pesquisa, que busca medir a capacidade de tornar mais democráticas as relações entre Poder Público e sociedade civil. Para a nossa pesquisa, realizamos a análise de dados colhidos sobre o CMERP - a legislação, as atas das reuniões ordinárias e extraordinárias, o Plano Municipal de Educação de Ribeirão Preto, as entrevistas com conselheiras e conselheiros e as notas de campo. O CMERP é um conselho em funcionamento e que cumpre com suas atribuições legais. A instituição conta com uma participação marcadamente fiscalizatória do Poder Público e das políticas educacionais, com uma representação concentrada nos segmentos da educação municipal, em especial do professorado. Dentre os desafios encontrados em termos de ampliação democrática, estão a aproximação da sociedade civil e a diversificação dos setores representados internamente. / This research aims to analyze the Municipal Education Council of Ribeirão Preto (CMERP) through three essentials aspects: the outlines of its institutional design, the contentes of its de-liberative processes and the meanings of the participation in its context. We hope this analysis may indicate the paths that have been taken by counselers in the Council\'s participative space, as well as the understanding of its conquers and challenges towards a democratic enlargement. The specific objectives are the investigation on the layout and the institutional operation, the effectivness of deliberative processes and the relations that take place in a conjucture of power sharing between public Power and the civil society. The metodologic approach is qualitative, gathering documental data and collecting semi-structured interviews. The democratic partici-pation phenomenum in Brazil, especially by the means of several participative institutions that were created since the country\'s redemocratization, has generated a wide field of empirical researches that base the democracy as an argumentative deliberation process and aim to evalu-ate gains and difficulties on that path. From this perspective, the results produced whithin a few decades of operations of the participatory institutions gain the centrality of the research agenda in this area, which seeks to measure its ability to turn the relations between public sector and civil society more democratic. For our research, we did the analysis of direct and indirect data gathered on the CMERP - legislation, the minutes of meetings (ordinary and extraordinary), the Ribeirão Preto\'s Educational Municipal Plan, the interviews with advisors and counselors and the field notes. We can say that the Council is in operation and fulfills its legal atributions. The institution has a participation thar markedly fiscalizes do Public Power and educational public policies, with concentrated representation in the fields of municipal education, in special the teachers. Among the challenges in terms of democratic expansion, are the approaching of civil society and the diversification of sectors represented internally.

En mars 2008, l'État chilien ratifiait la Convention 169 de l'OIT, premier instrument juridique de droit international à protéger les droits fondamentaux des peuples autochtones. Un nouveau scénario politique et juridique s'ouvrait ainsi dans un pays où, comme ailleurs, ces peuples connaissent une histoire de domination, de marginalisation et d'exclusion. Cette ratification génère de nouveaux enjeux tant pour les peuples concernés que pour l'État et la société chilienne en plaçant la question de la participation aux décisions qui concernent les peuples autochtones au centre du débat. L'objet de cette thèse est de comprendre les tenants et les aboutissants de la mise en œuvre de la consultation libre, préalable et informée en explicitant le processus d'institutionnalisation de la participation des peuples autochtones au Chili ainsi que les ambivalences de cet espace participatif, censé produire un consentement aux politiques publiques mais qui se heurte à la contestation des autochtones. L'apport de cette recherche réside dans la capacité de montrer la complexité de ces dispositifs de consultation, dans lesquels s'entremêlent des processus de domination et de résistance. Cette thèse rend en effet manifeste leur ambivalence dans la mesure où, tout en reproduisant les asymétries du pouvoir, ces dispositifs participent au renforcement des acteurs dominés. Cette recherche a été réalisée à partir d'une enquête menée au sein et dans les« coulisses» de procédures de consultation mises en place au Chili où se rencontrent autochtones et fonctionnaires gouvernementaux. / In March of 2008, the Chilean State ratified the 169 ILO Convention, the first international instrument of international law to protect the fundamental rights of Indigenous Peoples. A new legal and political scenario was therefore opened in a country where the indigenous community were subject to a history of domination, marginalization and exclusion. This ratification creates new stakes for Indigenous Peoples and also for the Chilean state and society by raising the Indigenous Peoples' right to participate in matters that concern them. The research purpose is to understand the ins and outs of free, prior and informed consent of Indigenous Peoples by explaining the institutionalization of Indigenous participation in Chile and also to explain the ambivalences of this participatory space supposed to produce a consent on public policy but encountering the Indigenous Peoples contention. The contribution of this research lies in the capacity of showing the complexity of these participatory devices, in which domination and resistance processes are intermingled. This thesis demonstrates their ambivalence since they reproduce power asymmetries while reinforcing dominated actors. The research was carried out from a survey conducted within and in the "wings" of the consultancy procedure set up in Chile where Indigenous Peoples and Government officials come across. About sixty interviews were conducted and a large variety of situations was observed, from institutional consultancy devices to more informal social spaces relating to participative devices.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Alors que le développement durable fait l’objet d’un corpus abondant de diagnostics et préconisations, ses promoteurs soutiennent également une certaine définition de la gouvernance recommandant la prise en compte des projections des habitants et usagers du territoire. Le développement durable est dès lors présenté à la fois comme une volonté de prospective participative (perspectives ouvertes) et comme une vision structurée du futur (perspectives programmées). Nous analysons ce paradoxe dans l'articulation entre aspirations et finalité. De 2009 à 2013, nous avons réalisé une observation participante au sein d’un projet visant l’élaboration participative de critères territorialisés de qualité de vie, conduit sur deux communes menant des politiques d’urbanisme se réclamant du développement durable. La thèse analyse l’existence de dynamiques complexes au niveau micro-territorial, entre la promotion du développement durable comme finalité et les aspirations exprimées : elles sont analysées en termes de leviers d’adhésion et de rejet, mais également de rôle et de paradoxes. Au cœur de ces dynamiques se jouent des processus de transformation sociale, portés par les promoteurs du développement durable comme finalité. La thèse soutient que cette transformation sociale s’appuie sur l’existence chez les acteurs d’aspirations paradoxales ; mais également sur la force du métarécit dans lequel s’inscrit le développement durable qui, créant un discours sur la résilience, se propose comme une voie de dépassement de ces apparentes contradictions. / While sustainable development is an object of an abounding corpus of diagnoses and recommendations, its promoters also support a definition of governance recommending the consideration of inhabitants’ and users’ projections. Sustainable development is simultaneously presented as a will of participative prospective (opened perspectives) and as a structured vision of the future (scheduled perspectives). We analyze this paradox in the articulation between aspirations and purpose. From 2009 till 2013, we realized a participating observation within a project aiming the participative elaboration of territorialized criteria for quality of life. It was tested on two municipalities, leading town planning referring to sustainable development. This thesis analyzes the existence of complex micro-territorial dynamics, between promotion of sustainable development as a purpose and expressed aspirations. They are analyzed in terms of levels of involvement and rejection, but also role and paradoxes. At the heart of these dynamics happens processes of social transformation, such as leaded by promoters of sustainable development as a purpose. This thesis supports that this social transformation leans on the existence of paradoxical aspiration; but also on the strength of the metanarrative of sustainable development, creating a speech on resilience, proposes a way of overtaking these visible contradictions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reziere Degobi.pdf: 1352715 bytes, checksum: f4688f572992d418ccfbf4631611e928 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-23 / O presente estudo teve por objetivo discutir o tema da participação de colaboradores em projetos e ações sociais organizacionais, confrontando-o com a temática da gestão participativa auxiliada pelas tecnologias da informação para o fortalecimento da participação nos Projetos e Ações Sociais da Diretoria Regional do Espírito Santo da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos, coordenados por seu Comitê Regional de Ações Sociais. Além disso, foi abordada também a temática do s sentidos atribuídos pelos colaboradores à sua participação em tais projetos e ações sociais. O principal resultado apresentado pela pesquisa consiste na constatação de que a participação dos colaboradores da empresa estudada em seus projetos e ações sociais é ainda fraca, mas latentemente potencial; constatou-se ainda que mais definições, apoio, canais de comunicação em duas vias e acesso à informação, além de uma maior abertura por parte da empresa, são essenciais à participação de seus colaboradores, segundo eles mesmos. Integração, expectativas, satisfação, omissão, identificação, oportunidade, missão, frustração, recusa, (in)compatibilidade de perfil, espiritualidade, colaboração e ação são alguns dos sentidos declarados e por vezes indiretamente identificados nas respostas dos colaboradores em geral sobre sua participação em projetos e ações sociais. Essas evidências corroboram o quadro teórico adotado para a compreensão da participação, especialmente a voluntária e no local de trabalho, seus sentidos e formas de gestão e fomento, especialmente quando se tratam de projetos e ações sociais organizacionais. Além disso, revelou-se com a pesquisa que se faz necessário utilizar os recursos tecnológicos já disponíveis na organização de maneira mais adequada para beneficiar seus projetos e ações sociais e tornar sua gestão mais aberta à participação. / The main goal of this study was to argue the subject of employer’s participation in organizational social projects and actions, collating it with the thematic of the Participative Management assisted by the Information Technologies as a way to increase such participation in the Diretoria Regional do Espírito Santo da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos’ Social Projects and Actions, coordinated for its Comitê Regional de Ações Sociais. Moreover, it has been also boarded the thematic of the senses attributed by employers to its own participation in such social projects and actions. The research found as main results that employer’s participation on organizational social project and actions of the studied enterprise still is weak, but latently potential; besides, more definitions, politics, support, two-ways communication-channels and enterprise openness’ are essential to its employer’s participation became possible. Integration, expectations, satisfaction, omission, identification, chance, mission, frustration, refuse, profile compatibility, spirit-state philosophy, contribution and action are some of the declared directions and for times indirectly identified in the answers of the collaborators in general on its participation in projects and social actions. These evidences corroborate the adopted theoretical framework for the participation’s understanding, especially the volunteer kind and occurring at the workplace, its senses and forms of management and increasing, especially when social projects and actions are about organizational initiatives. On the other hand this research revealed that if makes necessary to give a better use to the available technological resources already present in the studied organization as a way to benefit its social projects and actions and to make its management become more open to the employer’s participation.

Les trypanosomoses animales africaines transmises par les glossines sont une des principales contraintes pathologiques au développement et à l’intensification de l’élevage en Afrique sub-saharienne. Leur contrôle repose sur deux grandes stratégies : la lutte autonome par les éleveurs qui vise à contrôler la maladie de manière à permettre une production rentable, et l’intervention étatique centralisée qui vise dans la plupart des cas l’éradication du vecteur et de la maladie. Cette seconde stratégie s’est amplifiée récemment dans le cadre de la campagne pan-africaine d’éradication des glossines et des trypanosomoses (PATTEC), coordonnée par l’Union Africaine. Je me suis attachée à caractériser les capacités d’innovation des éleveurs face au risque de santé animale et réciproquement à l’effet du contrôle du risque sur les trajectoires d’innovation des éleveurs. Le terrain d’étude a concerné deux pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest: le Burkina Faso et le Sénégal. Au Sénégal, nous avons développé une approche coûts-bénéfices originale d’un projet d’éradication, et montré que les bénéfices attendus dépendent essentiellement de l’innovation, grâce aux gains de productivité dus à la transition des systèmes d’élevage utilisant la race Djakoré trypanotolérante vers des systèmes d’élevage améliorés utilisant des races plus productives trypanosensibles. Au Burkina Faso (bassin du Mouhoun), les objectifs étaient de caractériser la perception du risque par les éleveurs, les stratégies autonomes de lutte et leurs capacités à adopter une nouvelle méthode de lutte contre les glossines, le pédiluve insecticide. Enfin, pour comprendre et anticiper l’impact de l’évolution du risque trypanosomien sur les trajectoires d’innovation des éleveurs et améliorer l’évaluation économique de la campagne d’éradication au Sénégal, une analyse croisée de 10 études de cas a permis d’identifier puis de caractériser les dynamiques locales d’innovation, les logiques d’action et les indicateurs de capacités d’innovation des différents groupes d’éleveurs. Dans les deux sites d’étude, le dynamisme des réseaux socio-techniques auxquels appartiennent les éleveurs et leurs manières de le mobiliser permettent de comprendre l’impact de ce risque sanitaire sur les capacités d’innovation des éleveurs. Ces processus ont été étudiés en mobilisant une théorie de l’innovation, la SAR (sociologie de l’Acteur-Réseau) et en combinant des méthodes d’enquêtes par questionnaire, d’épidémiologie participative et une analyse compréhensive socio-technique inspirée de la méthode du GERDAL (Groupe d’Expérimentation et de Recherche, Développement et Actions Localisées). En perspective, les avancées liées à ce travail dans le domaine de l’hybridation des sciences vétérinaires et sociales sont discutées, et des pistes d’amélioration possibles sont proposées. Un des principaux enseignements de cette thèse est d’ordre méthodologique : une piste est proposée pour l’hybridation de méthodes d’épidémiologie participative et d’une analyse compréhensive socio-technique basée sur les apports de la SAR et du GERDAL. / African animal trypanosomosis, transmitted by tsetse flies, are among the main animal health constraints to the development and intensification of cattle production in sub-Saharan Africa. Their control relies on two major strategies: the farmer-based control aiming at controlling the disease in order to allow a cost-effective production, and the centralized state intervention mostly targeting the eradication of the vector and the disease. This second strategy recently spread in the framework of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC), coordinated by the African Union. I aimed to characterize the innovation capacities of livestock producers facing this animal health risk and vice versa the effect of risk control on innovation trajectories of livestock farmers. The study area concerned two west african countries: Burkina Faso and Senegal. In Senegal, we developed an original cost-benefit approach of the eradication program, and showed that the expected benefits mainly relie on innovation, thanks to the productivity benefits resulting from the shift from livestock breeding systems using the trypanotolerant Djakoré breed toward improved livestock breeding systems using more productive trypanosensible cattle breeds. In Burkina Faso (Mouhoun basin), the goals were to characterize the risk assessment by livestock producers, farmer-based control strategies and their capacities to adopt a new control method against tsetse flies, the insecticide footbath. At last, in order to understand and predict the impact of the evolution of the trypanosomosis risk on innovation trajectories of livestock producers and to improve the economic analysis of the eradication campaign in Senegal, a cross-sectional analysis of 10 case studies allowed identifying and characterizing the local dynamics of innovation, the rationales for action and the indicators of innovation capacities of the different groups of livestock producers. In the two study areas, the dynamism of socio-technical networks which livestock farmers belonged to and the ways they were mobilized allowed to understand the impact of this animal health risk on innovation capacities of the livestock producers. These processes were studied by mobilizing an innovation theory, the ANT (Actor Network Theory) and combining inquiry methods by questionnaires, methods of participatory epidemiology and a comprehensive socio-technical analysis inspired from the GERDAL’s method (Groupe d’Expérimentation et de Recherche, Développement et Actions Localisées). In perspective, advances linked to this work in the field of the hybridization between veterinary and social sciences are discussed, and few potential ways of improvement are proposed. One of the mains learning of this thesis is about methods: a pathway is proposed for hybridization of methods of participatory epidemiology and a comprehensive socio-technical analysis based on the inputs of SAR and GERDAL methods.

« Territorialisation de l’espace public : une approche polanyienne appliquée au cas de l’Auvergne » est une recherche en Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication portant sur l’espace public contemporain. Cette recherche s’intéresse aux enjeux démocratiques liés à l’existence simultanée de différentes échelles d’articulation des sphères politique, économique et symbolique. Il s’agit d’un travail théorique et empirique appuyé sur le niveau régional auvergnat, mobilisant une épistémologie de la complexité (Edgar Morin), la méthodologie de « l’étude de cas élargie » (Michael Burawoy) et une approche interdisciplinaire.L’espace public est défini comme ayant une double dimension empirique et normative (Jürgen Habermas). Mais en référence aux travaux d’Éric Dacheux, l’espace public est également le fruit d’un compromis particulier, historiquement déterminé, entre les trois ordres politique, économique et symbolique. Par conséquent, l’espace public est le lieu où ces trois systèmes entrent en confrontation et sont en interaction (dimension empirique) et une instance propre à la démocratie (dimension normative). Il est donc le lieu où se jouent, en démocratie, les processus de régulation et de transformation sociale. Le mot « polanyien » fait référence aux travaux de Karl Polanyi (1886-1964) qui ont démontré que même si État libéral, démocratie et « idéologie de marché » sont historiquement liés, ils sont incompatibles à long terme. Cela signifie qu’il est nécessaire de développer une nouvelle relation entre la sphère économique et la sphère politique, compatible avec la démocratie. Les activités communicationnelles dans l’espace public sont considérées comme des relations humaines intentionnelles ayant pour objectif un partage de sens. En contexte démocratique, il s’agit de relations entre des personnes égales et libres aux altérités irréductibles. L’agir communicationnelle peut en être une des modalités, même s’il s’agit davantage d’un idéal normatif, la réalité empirique étant marquée par l’incommunication et l’expression préalable de désaccords à partir desquels peut se construire une activité délibérative.Le terrain de recherche empirique se situe à l’échelle de l’espace public régional, considéré comme un « espace public émergent ». Les outils mobilisés sont des « focus groups », des « entretiens compréhensifs » avec des acteurs politiques et des acteurs de l’ESS vivant en Auvergne, et le fruit d’une observation participante en tant qu’acteur politique. Des pratiques de démocratie participative à l’initiative du Conseil régional sont ainsi décrites et analysées.Cette démarche de recherche aboutit à la proposition d’une représentation d’un « espace public pluriel territorialisé ». Elle défend l’intérêt d’une approche d’économie plurielle en Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication. / "Territorialisation of the public sphere: a Polanyian approach applied to the case of Auvergne” is a doctoral research project in Information and Communication Sciences on the contemporary public sphere. This research focuses on democratic issues linked with the coexistence of different scales of articulation of political, economic and symbolic spheres. It is a theoretical and empirical work applied to the regional level (Auvergne- France), using an epistemology of complexity (Edgar Morin), the extended case method” (Michael Burawoy) and an interdisciplinary approach.Public sphere is defined as having a dual empirical and normative dimension (Jürgen Habermas). But in reference to the work of Éric Dacheux, the public sphere is also the consequence of a particular compromise, historically determined, between three orders: political, economic and symbolic systems. As a result, the public sphere is the place where these three systems come into confrontation and interact (empirical dimension) and a proper instance of democracy (normative dimension). In a democracy, it is the place where regulation and social transformation processes take place. The word “Polanyian” refers to research by Karl Polanyi (1886-1964) who demonstrated that even if liberal state, democracy and “market ideology” are historically linked, they are incompatible in the long term. This means that it is necessary to develop a new relationship between the economic sphere and the political sphere compatible with democracy. Communicational activities in the public sphere are considered as intentional human relations aimed creating shared meaning. In a democratic context, this involves a relationship between equal and free persons with irreducible otherness. Communicative action can be one of the modalities, although it is rather a normative ideal, while empirical reality is characterized by miscommunication and the prior expression of disagreements from which one can build a deliberative activity.The empirical research field is based on a study of the regional public sphere as an “emerging public sphere”. The tools used are “focus groups”, “interactive interviews” with some political actors and actors of the social and solidarity economy living in Auvergne, and the result of a participant observation as a political actor. Participatory democratic practices initiated by the Regional Council are thus described and analyzed.This research approach leads to the proposal for the representation of a “territorialized plural public sphere” representation. It vindicates a plural economy approach in Information and Communication Sciences.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Ribeirão Preto (CMERP) a partir de três aspectos essenciais - os contornos do seu desenho institucional, os conteúdos dos seus processos deliberativos e os sentidos da participação em seu contexto. Es-peramos que essa análise possa indicar os caminhos que têm sido tomados por conselheiras e conselheiros no espaço participativo do Conselho, bem como compreender suas conquistas e desafios na direção da ampliação democrática. Os objetivos específicos são a investigação sobre o traçado e o funcionamento instituicional, a efetividade dos processos deliberativos e as rela-ções que se estabelecem numa conjuntura de partilha de poder entre o Poder Público e a socie-dade civil. O enfoque metodológico é qualitativo, com a reunião de dados documentais e a coleta de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O fenômeno da participação democrática no Brasil, em especial por meio das mais diversas instituições participativas criadas desde a redemocratização do país, tem gerado um campo vasto de pesquisas empíricas que tomam por base a democracia como processo de deliberação argumentativa e buscam avaliar ganhos e dificuldades desse ca-minho. Os resultados produzidos dentro de algumas décadas de funcionamento das instituições participativas ganham a centralidade da agenda de pesquisa, que busca medir a capacidade de tornar mais democráticas as relações entre Poder Público e sociedade civil. Para a nossa pesquisa, realizamos a análise de dados colhidos sobre o CMERP - a legislação, as atas das reuniões ordinárias e extraordinárias, o Plano Municipal de Educação de Ribeirão Preto, as entrevistas com conselheiras e conselheiros e as notas de campo. O CMERP é um conselho em funcionamento e que cumpre com suas atribuições legais. A instituição conta com uma participação marcadamente fiscalizatória do Poder Público e das políticas educacionais, com uma representação concentrada nos segmentos da educação municipal, em especial do professorado. Dentre os desafios encontrados em termos de ampliação democrática, estão a aproximação da sociedade civil e a diversificação dos setores representados internamente. / This research aims to analyze the Municipal Education Council of Ribeirão Preto (CMERP) through three essentials aspects: the outlines of its institutional design, the contentes of its de-liberative processes and the meanings of the participation in its context. We hope this analysis may indicate the paths that have been taken by counselers in the Council\'s participative space, as well as the understanding of its conquers and challenges towards a democratic enlargement. The specific objectives are the investigation on the layout and the institutional operation, the effectivness of deliberative processes and the relations that take place in a conjucture of power sharing between public Power and the civil society. The metodologic approach is qualitative, gathering documental data and collecting semi-structured interviews. The democratic partici-pation phenomenum in Brazil, especially by the means of several participative institutions that were created since the country\'s redemocratization, has generated a wide field of empirical researches that base the democracy as an argumentative deliberation process and aim to evalu-ate gains and difficulties on that path. From this perspective, the results produced whithin a few decades of operations of the participatory institutions gain the centrality of the research agenda in this area, which seeks to measure its ability to turn the relations between public sector and civil society more democratic. For our research, we did the analysis of direct and indirect data gathered on the CMERP - legislation, the minutes of meetings (ordinary and extraordinary), the Ribeirão Preto\'s Educational Municipal Plan, the interviews with advisors and counselors and the field notes. We can say that the Council is in operation and fulfills its legal atributions. The institution has a participation thar markedly fiscalizes do Public Power and educational public policies, with concentrated representation in the fields of municipal education, in special the teachers. Among the challenges in terms of democratic expansion, are the approaching of civil society and the diversification of sectors represented internally.

Após o processo de redemocratização do Brasil e da promulgação da Constituição de 1988, diversas instituições e instrumentos de gestão e planejamento do Estado implementaram em sua estrutura organizacional canais de participação popular. Na gestão das cidades essa tendência foi muito expressiva sobretudo após a elaboração do Estatuto das Cidades e muitas vezes foi acompanhada de medidas de descentralização administrativa. Considerando esse contexto, esta pesquisa tem o propósito de discutir os limites e possibilidades da participação popular na gestão urbana institucional por meio da análise dos conselhos participativos municipais (CPM) das Prefeituras Regionais do Município de São Paulo. Os CPM são instâncias que propõem políticas para os territórios paulistanos, além de apoiar e fiscalizar a administração descentralizada das prefeituras regionais. Para realizar essa investigação executou-se duas etapas metodológicas principais. Primeiramente, analisaram-se alguns indicadores de condições geográficas dos territórios paulistanos de modo a identificar prováveis desigualdades de possibilidades de participação da população nos CPM, em razão de piores ou melhores condições de vida nos distritos e locais de residência. Em seguida, buscou-se identificar os resultados práticos da ação dos CPM em medidas de planejamento e produção da cidade. O detalhamento do funcionamento concreto dos CPM foi obtido a partir de visitas a reuniões ordinárias em algumas prefeituras regionais e por meio de relatos e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com conselheiros presentes nessas reuniões. De modo geral, observou-se que a pouca autonomia administrativa e orçamentária das prefeituras regionais tem impacto negativo sobre as possibilidades de intervenção dos CPM. Além disso, a própria normatização dos CPM que restringe sua atuação a um caráter meramente consultivo associada a frequente falta de apoio dos gabinetes das prefeituras regionais, acaba por desmobilizar os participantes, muitos deles passando a se ausentar das reuniões por se sentirem ignorados e sem poder efetivo. Contudo, apesar dos desafios e limitações de atuação dos CPM, grande parte dos conselheiros ativos destacam a importância do órgão, e alguns atribuem certas ações nos territórios à pressão dos conselhos. Os limites da atuação dos conselhos expõem contradições inerentes a uma sociedade em que os rumos da produção da geografia das cidades são restritos a círculos políticos e econômicos privilegiados. A resolução da demanda social por maior participação política acaba sendo efetivada apenas no plano formal. / After the process of redemocratization in Brazil and the promulgation of the Constitution of 1988, several institutions and instruments of state management and planning implemented in their organizational structure ways of popular participation. In the management of cities, this tendency was very expressive especially after the elaboration of the Estatuto das Cidades (City Statute) and was often accompanied by measures of administrative decentralization. Considering this context, this research aims to discuss the limits and possibilities of popular participation in institutional urban management through the analysis of Municipal Participative Councils (MPC) of São Paulo Regional Prefectures. MPC are instances that propose policies for São Paulo territories, in addition to supporting and supervising the decentralized administration of regional prefectures. To carry out this research was executed two main methodological steps. Firstly, some indicators of geographic conditions in São Paulo territories were analyzed in order to identify probable inequalities of possibilities of participation of the population in the MPC, due to worse or better living conditions in the districts and places of residence. Next, we sought to identify the practical results of the action of MPC in the planning and production measures of the city. The detailing of the operation of MPC were obtained from visits to ordinary meetings in some regional prefectures and through semi-structured reports and interviews with counselors present at these meetings. In general, it was observed that the low administrative and budgetary autonomy of regional municipalities has a negative impact on the possibilities of MPC intervention. Moreover, the regulatory standards of MPC, which restricts their activities to a merely consultative nature, associated with the frequent lack of support from the regional governments offices, demobilize the participants, many of whom are absent from meetings because they feel ignored and unable to participate effective. However, despite the challenges and limitations of the MPC, most active counselors emphasize the importance of the institution, and some attribute certain actions in the territories to the pressure of the councils. The limits of the council\'s performance expose contradictions inherent in a society in which the directions of the production of the geography of cities are restricted to certain privileged political and economic circles. The solution to the social demand for greater political participation ends up being carried out only in the formal plane.

Depuis 2002, trois acteurs institutionnels et un acteur économique ont élaboré différentes politiques de développement durable à La Réunion. Avec son agenda 21 et le Plan Réunionnais de Développement Durable, Le Conseil Régional a été le premier à se lancer. Il est suivi en 2004 par le Conseil Général avec le Schéma Départemental d'Aménagement et de Développement Durable, par La Réunion Économique en 2006 avec Réunion Île Verte 2030 et enfin par l'État en 2007 avec GERRI. Cette thèse a pour but de déterminer s'il existe une stratégie de développement durable partagée par l'ensemble des acteurs du territoire réunionnais. Elle ambitionne également d'identifier s'il existe à La Réunion un décalage entre le discours tenu par les différents acteurs autour de la notion de développement durable et les actions entreprises en ce sens. Ces objectifs nous ont conduit à réaliser un bilan des actions engagées à La Réunion afin de rendre raison de l'écart entre discours et réalité, politiques publiques et perceptions d'acteurs dans le champ du développement durable. Pour remplir ces objectifs, le protocole de recherche mis en place se focalisait sur trois acteurs du territoire réunionnais : les acteurs politiques, les acteurs socio-économiques et la population générale. Pour chacun de ces acteurs, l'objectif était d'identifier le type d'actions élaborées dans le cadre du développement durable et de définir les représentations associées. Les acteurs politiques du territoire ont souvent profité de l'ambigüité du concept pour se lancer dans cette démarche, ou à tout le moins dans son volet « communication ». L'expression « développement durable » est réduite par les différents acteurs à la simple protection d'un environnement pouvant rendre des services à la population. Cette adhésion à la « protection de l'environnement » masque donc souvent une vision utilitariste de ce dernier. C'est donc une approche de la durabilité qui pourrait être qualifiée de « faible » et qui semble dominer à La Réunion. / Since 2002, three institutionnal players ad an economic player developed different policies for sustainable development in La Reunion. The Regional Council was the first to launch into with its agenda 21 and « Le Plan Réunionnais de Développement Durable ». He was followed by the General Council with the « Schéma Départemental d'Aménagement et de Développement Durable » in 2004, by La Réunion Économique in 2006 with « Reunion ïle Verte 2030 » and finally by the French State in 2007 with GERRI. This thesis aims to determine whether there is a sustainable dévelopment strategy shared by all the local actors. It also aims to identify whether there is a gap between the discourse of different actors about the concept of sustainable development and the action taken. These objectives lead us to take stoke of actions taken in La Reunion to justify the gap between rhetoric and reality, public policy and actor’s perceptions in the field of sustainable development. To fulfill these objectives, the research protocole implemented focused on three actors : political, socio-economic player and the population. For each of these actors, the objectif was to identify the type of action developed in the context of sustainable development and to define the associated representation. political actor have often take advantage of the ambiguity of the concept to engage in this process, or at least in its « communication » component. The concept of sustainable development is reduced to its simple expression of the protection of an environment that should provides services to the population. This adherence to the « environmental protection » hide an utilitarian view of the environment. It’s therefore a sustainability approach that could be described as « weak » and that seems to emerge in La Reunion.