Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att undersöka metaforiken i Federico Garcia Lorcas drama Yerma. Undersökningen tar sin utgångspunkt i föreställningen att metaforiken är betydelsebärande för dramat. Metaforiken fokuseras genom en analys som syftar till att blottlägga struktur hos metaforerna. Denna analys fungerar som övergång till en tolkning med hermeneutisk prägel. I strukturanalysen tillämpas Max Blacks interaktionsteori och tolkningen utgår framförallt från Paul Ricoeurs hermeneutiska fenomenologi, vilken även ligger till grund för kombinationen av strukturanalys och hermeneutisk tolkning. Uppsatsen undersöker på detta vis metaforikens speciella karaktär i dramat och dess referens till verkets värld. Metaforerna ses som ingående i ett större nätverk i dramat och gemensamma mönster för uppbyggnad och uttryck urskiljs. Nyckelord: Metafor, Metaforik, Federico Garcia Lorca, Yerma, Paul Ricoeur, dramatik, spansk litteratur.

The aim of this study is to explore the development of how people in different generations of a family with a hereditary hearing loss developed knowledge and to examine the role of the educational system and how it influenced this development. The research questions are: What is the prevalence of the deafness spoken of in the family chronicle? What different kinds of knowledge did the family members with deafness/hearing loss develop and how did they make use of them? In what ways may they have experienced their deafness/hearing loss as a suffering? What knowledge did they develop because the hearing loss recurred in several successive generations? The studied material includes answers from a questionnaire, different historical documents and sixteen interviews. Descendants of the first man born in the family in 1816 described as deaf. Among the descendants a total of 84 persons with a hereditary hearing loss have been found, at most in seven successive generations. The sixteen persons interviewed have spoken about themselves, their parent, mother or father-parent, with hearing loss. This has made it possible to explore the development of knowledge in different areas. The findings from the interviews are interpreted in four chapters where the development knowledge in the different generations has been related to each other and to the hearing loss. The study shows that the generations developed various forms of competence and knowledge and that this occurred mainly in the homes. The members of the family with hearing loss were educated by themselves. The role of public school was small. The last generation, however, has been able to carry out higher studies. The communicative practice at home was spoken Swedish, eye contact, a loud and clear voice and speechreading. The speech of children was read before the children themselves had to read the speech of others.

The goal of the present study is to examine the way in which Samuel Beckett, an artist whose work contributes also to philosophy, presents his metaphysical vision of the world through drama, where different plays represent different philosophical interpretations of the world. Using Paul Ricœur’s Memory, History, Forgetting as a theoretical platform, this thesis will concentrate on the manner in which Krapp’s Last Tape presents identity as a phenomenological construction based on cumulative past experiences inserted into and spread throughout time. Based on this assumption, to tamper with one’s conceptions of a memory-time continuum is to alter the identity which is a result of this dynamic. The Beckettian vision of the world does not see identity – the ever-elusive self, as many authors would say – simply as a unique and separate phenomenon that, by staying constant through time, serves as the basis for one’s phenomenological experience ; rather, in Krapp’s Last Tape the self is the sum of mnemonic experiences lived through time, which in turn impacts the identity of the individual. This philosophical perception of identity is further complicated by other phenomenological questions which must come into play if we are to study the way in which this identity is perceived not only by the reader-spectator, but also by the subject himself. For example, how does the ideal image that Krapp constructs of himself impact his identity ? Does he modify memory so as to conform to the idealistic vision he has created of himself, and does this image, perceived as the desired Other, foment in him a feeling of alterity when faced with himself as he is, as opposed to the fulfillment of the desired Other by which he measures his success ? / Thesis (Master, French) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-26 09:07:19.995

Zugleich: Diss. Freiburg (Breisgau). / Literaturverz.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research shows how Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005) incorporates some concepts and, above all, the spirit of freudian psychoanalysis to the hermeneutic philosophy. Ricoeur notes that there is, in Freud, a hermeneutic of suspicion that puts at risk the whole philosophy and culture that had been built and founded on the certainty of Cartesian cogito. Our author believes the passage by Freud, accepting his questions and incorporating his learning, is imperative to Philosophy and to the contemporary philosopher. However, Ricouer does not only invite us to suspicion but also invites us to hear it. The conflict between the hermeneutics of suspicion and the restoration of meaning, is the intent of our philosopher, namely: reaching a second moment of interpretation, a second innocence in and by the critics. If there is a school of suspicion, there is also of confidence, belief and faith. Freud, Nietzsche and Marx lead Ricoeur to suspicion, however it goes beyond, because he wants to see emerge a post-critical faith able to comprehend the questions, above all, Freudianism, allowing them to question the point of reducing the masks and the illusions of consciousness so that the sense comes. The proposal of Ricoeur is then left for a hermeneutics of the symbol that assumes the passage by critics of the masters of suspicion and that is a real bug in symbol, but now, no more naive and based on immediate consciousness, bearing and donor of sense, but a critical and instructed listening that takes into account the reflections and the discoveries of psychoanalysis of Freud. At the end of our research we will cover some classical texts of Freud who plays the basic themes of religion, in order to read them from Ricoeur and his interpretative dialectic, aiming at elucidating more explicitly as our philosopher incorporates the suspicion to the hermeneutics of the restoration of meaning. / A presente investigação mostra como Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005) incorpora alguns conceitos e, sobretudo, o espírito da psicanálise freudiana à filosofia hermenêutica. Ricoeur nota que há, em Freud, uma hermenêutica da suspeita que coloca em xeque toda a filosofia e a cultura que vinham sendo construídas e alicerçadas sobre a certeza do cogito cartesiano. Nosso autor acredita que a passagem por Freud, aceitando seus questionamentos e incorporando seu aprendizado, é imprescindível à filosofia e ao filósofo contemporâneo. Porém, Ricoeur não nos convida somente à suspeita, ele nos convida, também, a ouvir. No conflito entre a hermenêutica da suspeita e a da restauração do sentido, está o intento de nosso filósofo, a saber: chegar a um segundo momento da interpretação, a uma segunda inocência na e pela crítica. Se há uma escola da suspeita, há também uma da confiança, da crença e da fé. Freud, Nietzsche e Marx conduzem Ricoeur a suspeita, contudo ele vai além, pois quer ver emergir uma fé pós-crítica capaz de abarcar os questionamentos, sobretudo, do freudismo, deixando-se por eles questionar a ponto de reduzir as máscaras e as ilusões da consciência para que sobrevenha o sentido. A proposta de Ricoeur é, então, partir para uma hermenêutica do símbolo que suponha a passagem pela crítica dos mestres da suspeita e que seja, assim, uma verdadeira escuta do símbolo, porém, agora, não mais ingênua e alicerçada sobre a consciência imediata, portadora e doadora de sentido, mas uma escuta crítica e instruída que leve em conta as reflexões e as descobertas da psicanálise de Freud. Ao final de nossa pesquisa iremos abordar alguns textos clássicos de Freud que tocam temas basilares da religião, com o intuito de lê-los a partir de Ricoeur e de sua dialética interpretativa, buscando elucidar mais explicitamente como nosso filósofo incorpora a crítica da suspeita à hermenêutica da restauração do sentido.

M.Phil. / This study is undertaken against the backdrop of the "narrativistic turn" in the human sciences. While narratives were traditionally regarded as the terrain of literary studies, it has increasingly become a focus in various disciplines since the 1970s. The usefulness of the concept "narrative identity" is investigated as a means to deal with the problematization of the subject (and personal identity) in postmodern thought. The influence of 20th Century language theory and constructionism on the problematization of the subject is also discussed. It is argued that the self (and personal identity) can not be regarded as a pre-existing subject that simply finds expression in narratives (as sometimes happens in narrative therapy). Such a view would presuppose a pre-linguistic cogito. The self (and personal identity) is not readily available for examination by the self. From a hermeneutical point of view, the self is always an interpretation. Paul Ricoeur's discussion of "narrative identity" is used tot discuss the processes of identity construction in self-narratives. The way in which a "narrative identity" is constructed in a self-narrative is examined with reference to Karel Schoeman's autobiography (Die laaste Afrikaanse boek – literally "The Last Afrikaans Book"). An autobiography is a representation of a life in which a subject is self-consciously constructing an identity. This specific autobiography makes explicit, self-conscious use of literary devices and refers to literary texts which makes it possible to examine the influence of fiction on self-narratives. In the process of this study it is demonstrated that insights provided by literary studies could contribute to narrative psychology and in this sense it is demonstrated that the strict boundaries that often exist between disciplines could be dissolved. Various ways by which the study of literature could contribute to the expansion of the hermeneutical basis on which individuals base their self-narratives, and the spin-offs for narrative therapy, is the most important result of the study. Some gains of narratology (within literary analysis) for narrative therapy are also examined.

This essay examines the madness portrayed in Selma Lagerlöf’s The Emperor of Portugallia and Olivier Bourdeauts Waiting for Bojangles, in order to identify a conceptual apparatus describing its interaction with the social ordering of reality, using the theoretical concepts of utopia and heterotopia. The concept of utopia used for this essay is the definition formed by Paul Ricoeur and the concept of heterotopia created by Michel Foucault. The examination is carried out by comparing both of the fictive portraits of madness against first Ricoeurs three-legged utopia and secondly against Foucault’s definition of heterotopia. A conclusion is made that the fictive portrait of madness in these two texts generates heterotopias based on utopian fantasies the characters have for their respective existences.

In the Swedish curriculum there is uncertainty today, regarding the purpose of the subject of religious studies on a highschool level. A question exists whether students should merely be learning about religions or if they should, in addition, also learn from said religions. The origin of these two options to religious education can be traced back to at least to the writings of Michael Grimmitt, a British philosopher of religion, and to the debate he sparked in the 1980s. The Swedish curriculum does not use the language of Grimmitt and is rather vague when it takes a stance regarding these two possibilities, though it leans heavily on the idea that Swedish highschool students should just learn about religion. Due to the vagueness of the current curriculum, the document is unable to answer the presented question. This essay intends to find an answer between these two choices to religious education. This will be done through the methods of reflective equilibrium, as defined by the philosopher John Rawls. By looking at which of the two options is the most compatible with the curriculum as a whole, an answer will be presented as to which approach is to be preferred. The result of the study is that it is not enough for students to just learn about religion and changes should be done to the curriculum. How such a change should be designed remains, however, unanswered.

Cette thèse propose une contribution théorique et méthodologique pour l’étude de la constitution de l’identité dans les organisations. Elle présente le développement d’une conceptualisation originale du problème de la durée des identités, qui s’incarne à travers la tension stabilité-changement. L’identité, vue soit comme une réalité qui évolue au fil des changements, ou alors comme quelque chose qui perdure, est abondamment étudiée en communication organisationnelle. En effet, plusieurs auteurs mettent l’accent sur la dimension performative de l’identité au détriment de sa dimension stable et fixe. Je propose, dans cette thèse, que ces deux dimensions de l’identité sont l’objet d’une tension dialectique, et que la configuration et l’interprétation de narratifs identitaires par les individus en interaction permet d’effectuer la médiation entre ces deux aspects de l’identité (Ricoeur, 1990). La thèse s’efforce de montrer que la mise en tension des dimensions temporelles de l’identité permet par ailleurs de regarder la construction concomitante des identités personnelles, collectives et de l’organisation. À partir d’une méthode d’analyse élaborée à partir de la théorie de l’identité narrative de Paul Ricoeur (1990) et inspirée de l’analyse de conversation, je réalise une étude minutieuse de narratifs identitaires produits lors d’entrevues de groupe. Cette méthode a permis d’analyser simultanément et comme un tout le contenu textuel des narratifs ainsi que leur performance en contexte. Les données analysées proviennent d’un travail de recherche de terrain que j’ai réalisé en 2007 et 2008 auprès des employés de la division québécoise de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada. / This dissertation makes theoretical and methodological contributions to questions of identity construction in organizations. It does so by developing an original conceptualization of the problem of temporal dimensions of identity, made visible through the dialectical tension between stability and change. In the organizational communication literature, identity is either seen as something that evolves or as something that is stable through time. For instance, many authors adopt a performative stance to study identity, which makes it difficult to take into consideration fixity of identity. I postulate that these two dimensions of identity are in a dialectical tension and that the process of configuration and interpretation of narratives makes their mediation possible. Moreover, I demonstrate that keeping in tension temporal dimensions of identity through narratives makes it possible to study the concomitant construction of individual, collective and organizational identities. Using an analytical method drawn from Ricoeur’s theory of narrative identity (Ricoeur, 1995) as well as inspired by conversation analysis, I analyzed data drawn from group interviews with employees of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police conducted in 2007 and 2008. This method allowed me to simultaneously analyze textual and contextual aspects of identity narratives

Cette thèse propose une contribution théorique et méthodologique pour l’étude de la constitution de l’identité dans les organisations. Elle présente le développement d’une conceptualisation originale du problème de la durée des identités, qui s’incarne à travers la tension stabilité-changement. L’identité, vue soit comme une réalité qui évolue au fil des changements, ou alors comme quelque chose qui perdure, est abondamment étudiée en communication organisationnelle. En effet, plusieurs auteurs mettent l’accent sur la dimension performative de l’identité au détriment de sa dimension stable et fixe. Je propose, dans cette thèse, que ces deux dimensions de l’identité sont l’objet d’une tension dialectique, et que la configuration et l’interprétation de narratifs identitaires par les individus en interaction permet d’effectuer la médiation entre ces deux aspects de l’identité (Ricoeur, 1990). La thèse s’efforce de montrer que la mise en tension des dimensions temporelles de l’identité permet par ailleurs de regarder la construction concomitante des identités personnelles, collectives et de l’organisation. À partir d’une méthode d’analyse élaborée à partir de la théorie de l’identité narrative de Paul Ricoeur (1990) et inspirée de l’analyse de conversation, je réalise une étude minutieuse de narratifs identitaires produits lors d’entrevues de groupe. Cette méthode a permis d’analyser simultanément et comme un tout le contenu textuel des narratifs ainsi que leur performance en contexte. Les données analysées proviennent d’un travail de recherche de terrain que j’ai réalisé en 2007 et 2008 auprès des employés de la division québécoise de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada. / This dissertation makes theoretical and methodological contributions to questions of identity construction in organizations. It does so by developing an original conceptualization of the problem of temporal dimensions of identity, made visible through the dialectical tension between stability and change. In the organizational communication literature, identity is either seen as something that evolves or as something that is stable through time. For instance, many authors adopt a performative stance to study identity, which makes it difficult to take into consideration fixity of identity. I postulate that these two dimensions of identity are in a dialectical tension and that the process of configuration and interpretation of narratives makes their mediation possible. Moreover, I demonstrate that keeping in tension temporal dimensions of identity through narratives makes it possible to study the concomitant construction of individual, collective and organizational identities. Using an analytical method drawn from Ricoeur’s theory of narrative identity (Ricoeur, 1995) as well as inspired by conversation analysis, I analyzed data drawn from group interviews with employees of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police conducted in 2007 and 2008. This method allowed me to simultaneously analyze textual and contextual aspects of identity narratives