[pt] O presente trabalho tem a metáfora como seu objeto e busca investigar os problemas que esta figura de linguagem suscita à filosofia. Desde então, será tomado como escopo e instrumentos de análise as obras de dois filósofos contemporâneos, Paul Ricoeur e Jacques Derrida, por suas contribuições relevantes ao estudo deste tema. De início, será apresentado como a hermenêutica propõe pensar a metáfora para além da estilização retórica e os limites que a separam do discurso filosófico, em seguida será mostrado como a clara delimitação destes limites é posta sob suspeita pela desconstrução. Portanto, ao seguir juntamente por essas duas propostas, o trabalho se desenvolve ao analisar seus pressupostos, pontos de intersecção e diferença. / [en] The present work has the metaphor as its objects and aims to investigate the problems that this figure of speech brings to philosophy. Since then, it will be taken as scope and analysis s instruments the works of two contemporary philosophers, Paul Ricoeur and Jacques Derrida, for their relevant contributions to the study of this matter. At the beginning, it will be presented how hermeneutics propose to think metaphor beyond rhetorical stylization and the limits that set her apart from philosophy s discourse, then it will be shown how the clear determination of these limits are put under suspicious by deconstruction. Therefore, by following jointly these two proposals, the work is developed by the analysis of their presuppositions, intersections points and differences.

Så säger en av romangestalterna i Sven Delblancs Samuelsvit ochger därmed uttryck – ett av många – åt något som skulle kunna benämnas ’vanmaktens makt’. Vanmaktens makt har också blivit titeln på denna undersökning av sekulariseringstematiken i Delblancs Samuelsvit och Änkan. – Hur framställs och bearbetas sekulariseringen i dessa texter? – Vilka bilder ger de av sekulariseringsprocessen och dess följder,av ett sekulariserat samhälle och en sekulariserad människa? Dessa frågor, bland andra, diskuterar Helene Blomqvist i denna studie.Delblancs fem romaner bearbetar två livsfrågor som tycks bli på ett särskilt sätt aktualiserade genom sekulariseringen: frågan omontologin och frågan om etiken. Det handlar å ena sidan om ett teoretiskt spörsmål – om hur man kan uppfatta tillvarons grundläggande beskaffenhet – och å andra sidan om ett praktiskt – hurman bäst skall leva sitt liv i denna värld. Såväl Samuelsviten som Änkan gör upp räkningen med en gammal monistisk allsmäktig-Gud-ontologi. Teodicéproblemet visar sig vara trons stötesten: föreställningenom en allsmäktig och allgod gud kan inte fås att rimma med allt det destruktiva i tillvaron, ondskans framfart,eget och andras lidande. Romanerna gestaltar alla ett sökande efter en mer hållbar ontologisk och etisk grund. Hur skulle ett sådant alternativ kunna se ut? Detta är frågor som är helt centrala för Delblancs romaner och således också för denna undersökning. / <p>Distrubution: Genom författaren</p>

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The thesis deals with the question of interpretation of narrative works of fiction in regard to what the text refers to (what is usually termed reference). On the work of three differently focused authors (Frege, Ortega y Gasset, Shklovsky) it studies reference pushed aside as a thing unimportant or even impossible in art. Structuralism, developing mainly in France after 1960, supplants these questions with exploring the literalness of literary works and their inner relations, allowing narratology to arise. Subsequently, Paul Ricoeur aims for the synthesis of structuralism and hermeneutics. Approaching literary work as discourse, he distinguishes the "what" and "what about" of works, following Frege's distinction between sense and reference (meaning), while reference of a work is not descriptive. In Time and Narrative he uses the term refiguration instead of reference and emphasizes the temporal aspect of literary work and its reception. The thesis is closed with a brief interpretation of Budapest, a novel by Chico Buarque (2003).

Thesis advisor: Richard Kearney / By the 20th century the Confessions had become a “classic” of western civilization, yet it seems to elude any easy explanation and categorization. While scholars of Late Antiquity puzzled over the nature, structure, and meaning of the work, a parallel reception was occurring by some of the most original thinkers across both traditions of Contemporary philosophy, including Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, Hans Jonas, Karl Jaspers, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricoeur, Jean-Francois Lyotard, Jacques Derrida, Jean-Luc Marion, Jean Louis Chrétien and Stanley Cavell. This study will focus on four of these thinkers, Wittgenstein, Gadamer, Ricoeur and Marion, and the ways that the Confessions has influenced their attempts to address fundamental questions on subjects ranging from time and memory to history and hermeneutics, evil and the will, the self and personal identity, language and narrative, conversion, skepticism and materialism, God and onto- theology, and ultimately the very practice of philosophy itself, its autobiographical and especially its confessional character. In turn, this study also asks whether the engagements of these highly original contemporary philosophers can uncover new dimensions of this highly original work that has been read and interpreted throughout a centuries-long history of reception. The hermeneutic wager is that the past illumines the present philosophical terrain, but also that present insights allow us to read a classic text of the past with new understanding. This study will benefit from the interconnected nature of the problems that these writers confront, in their “family resemblance” of shared affinities and marked differences. Chapter One, “Scholarly Engagements: A Problematic Classic,” introduces some of the key interpretive problems which arose in the course of a century of scholarly engagements, including occasion, veracity, composition, and sources of Saint Augustine’s Confessions. Chapter Two “The Early Wittgenstein: Tractatus, Testimony and Confession” discusses the confessional philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, and the deep affinities he shared with Saint Augustine in his life and his first major work, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922), despite its reception and use as a foundational for Logical Empiricism and its spirited offspring. Chapter Three: “The Later Wittgenstein: Philosophical Investigations as Philosophical Confession” discusses the influence of Saint Augustine on Wittgenstein’s second major work, the Philosophical Investigations (1953), which uses a quotation from the Confessions as a point of departure for his own philosophical confession of errors and temptations. Chapter Four “Saint Augustine and Gadamer: Hermeneutic Anticipations and Affinities” discusses the hermeneutical insights of Saint Augustine, through the ways he encountered or struggled with texts in the Confessions, as well as through his idea of the “inner word” which would be for Gadamer the foundation of a philosophical hermeneutics. Chapter Five, “Ricoeur: Sin, Time, Memory, and Narrative” discusses Ricoeur’s engagement with Saint Augustine on the question of evil as well as his appropriation of the Augustinian aporia of time from the Confessions as pivotal for his narrative turn. Chapter Six, “Jean-Luc Marion’s Confessions” lays out Marion’s phenomenological unfolding of the Confessions beyond and before metaphysics, offering his reading of six dimensions of the inaccessibility of the self explored by Saint Augustine in the Confessions. This study will conclude by highlighting the themes that have suggested themselves across the many readings of this classic text. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Philosophy.

N.P. van Wyk Louw redefined the context-bound Afrikaans literature and criticism in the thirties to establish a new ‘national’ creative and critical discourse in Afrikaans. The central premise of this study is the correlation between Louw’s conceptualisation of a ‘national’ literature and Paul Ricoeur’s interpretation of utopia. In the essay collections Berigte te velde and Lojale verset (1939) Louw offers a new and confrontational grasp on the established Afrikaans literature and criticism (social and literary) within the context of Afrikaans nationalism. Louw formulates his directives for literature and society in a system of oppositional concepts. The central dualism in as well as the intellectual and structural foundation of his innovative ideas is the conceptualisation of a ‘national’ and ‘colonial’ literature. In accordance with Ricoeur’s oppositional analysis of utopia and ideology (1978a, 1981b, 1986), Louw’s distinction between a ‘national’ and ‘colonial’ literature is investigated in this study as a binary opposition based on the dualism utopia/ideology. The exploration of the ‘national’ literature as utopia and the ‘colonial’ as ideology includes the role of subordinate oppositions, among which are individual/nation and individual/national identity, in the sustaining of this polar structure. The unavoidable conflict between and exclusion of opposing elements are demonstrated by an analysis of the breaks in the reconciliation which Louw tries to effect between the ‘national’ and ‘colonial’ literatures. With reference to Ricoeur and Thompson (1984) the function of power as the common factor in utopia/ideology and the ‘national’/’colonial’ literature is investigated, and the realisation of an element of power in Louw’s critical discourse is explored. Key words: N.P. van Wyk Louw, Paul Ricoeur, binary opposition, Afrikaner nationalism, national literature, utopia, ideology, identity, power

No description available.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-17T17:40:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jefferson da Silva.pdf: 1640396 bytes, checksum: f70b3b2b3a161938b4fc51975869cec9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-17T17:40:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jefferson da Silva.pdf: 1640396 bytes, checksum: f70b3b2b3a161938b4fc51975869cec9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This present work intends to reflect the issues of disappropriation and reappropriation of consciousness from Ricoeur’s work Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation. Questioning the cogito's position as first truth and then entering the criticism by Freud's theories, from the interpretation of Ricoeur, it seeks to reflect the issue of disappropriation of the subject as a source of reflection, its consequences and the possibilities of its reappropriation. Broaching such issues from the philosophical methodology and hermeneutics of suspicion, this research is justified by the attempt to think the subject of reflection and the philosophy from Ricoeur’s interpretation after suspicion posed by Freud's theories. Ricoeur, contrasting reflection as immediate intuition, reflects about the reality of the unconscious in order to show that the subject is not what ‘it think it is’. Once broached the issue of unconscious reality, the subject is “disappropriated” of his immediate consciousness meaning that, even before the reflection, there is the position of desire, a certain archeology. However, Ricoeur points out that, in addition to an “arché”, it is also possible to see that the subject has a “telos”, a teleology. Thus, the subject after the Freudian suspicion appears geared for both the position of desire, the archeology, as to an end, the teleology, with one dispossession both for the past and for the future. It is carefully examined on this double disappropriation that the subject is revealed disproportionate, having no coincidence himself with himself, since it is limited both in understanding its origin and in understanding its end. It is precisely reflecting about the disproportion that one realizes that the subject cannot reappropriate himself, turning to its own ego, in order to not be deceived by the distortions arising from the unconscious, but it is necessary to move towards the works and monuments of culture that say of himself. It is through the mediation of objective structures that the subject even being disproportionate can go reappropriating himself. Therefore, the symbols of culture, because of their objectivity, become a mean for the subject to go reappropriating himself and becoming conscious. They engender in a unit which is disproportionate in the subject. So that interpreting the symbols the subject can go reappropriating himself and changing his action in the world. Analyzing the tragedy of ‘Oedipus the King’ and the way reflected about the subject throughout this research, it could be presented more clearly that it is possible to think of reappropriation even after the disappropriation. At the end of the research, it can be affirmed that the subject, even after disappropriated as the source of reflection and revealing himself disproportionate, can reappropriate himself and go becoming conscious / A presente pesquisa tem como escopo refletir as questões da desapropriação e reapropriação da consciência a partir da obra de Ricoeur Da Interpretação: ensaio sobre Freud. Questionando a posição do cogito como primeira verdade e em seguida adentrando nas críticas feitas pelas teorias freudianas, a partir da interpretação de Ricoeur, busca-se refletir a questão da desapropriação do sujeito como origem da reflexão, seus desdobramentos e as possibilidades de sua reapropriação. Abordando tais questões a partir da metodologia filosófica e da hermenêutica da suspeita, esta pesquisa se justifica pela tentativa de pensar o sujeito da reflexão e a filosofia a partir da interpretação ricoeuriana após a desconfiança posta pelas teorias freudianas. Ricoeur, contrapondo a reflexão como intuição imediata, reflete a respeito da realidade do inconsciente com o objetivo de mostrar que sujeito não é aquilo que pensa ser. Uma vez abordada a questão da realidade do inconsciente, o sujeito é desapropriado de sua consciência imediata significando que, antes mesmo da reflexão, o que existe é a posição do desejo, uma certa arqueologia. Porém, Ricoeur destaca que, além de uma arché, também é possível perceber que o sujeito possui um telos, uma teleologia. Deste modo, o sujeito depois da suspeita freudiana aparece voltado tanto para a posição do desejo, a arqueologia, como para um fim, a teleologia, ocorrendo um desapossamento tanto para o passado quanto para o futuro. É aprofundando nessa dupla desapropriação que o sujeito se revela desproporcional, não possuindo coincidência de si consigo mesmo, pois é limitado tanto na compreensão de sua origem quanto na compreensão do seu fim. É justamente refletindo a respeito da desproporção que se percebe que o sujeito não pode reapropriar-se de si mesmo, voltando-se para o próprio ego, a fim não se iludir com as distorções advindas do inconsciente, mas é necessário que se lance em direção às obras e monumentos da cultura que dizem dele mesmo. É pela mediação de estruturas objetivas que o sujeito mesmo sendo desproporcional pode ir reapropriando de si mesmo. Por isso, os símbolos da cultura, por sua objetividade, tornam-se um meio para o sujeito ir-se reapropriando de si mesmo e ir-se tornando consciente. Eles engendram em uma unidade o que no sujeito é desproporcional. Por isso o sujeito interpretando os símbolos pode ir-se reapropriando de si mesmo e mudando sua ação no mundo. Analisando a tragédia de Édipo-Rei e o percurso refletido a respeito do sujeito ao longo desta pesquisa, pôde-se apresentar de forma mais nítida que é possível pensar na reapropriação mesmo depois da desapropriação. Ao final da pesquisa, pode-se afirmar que o sujeito, mesmo depois de desapropriado como origem da reflexão e se revelando desproporcional, pode reapropriar-se de si mesmo e ir-se tornando consciente

The practice of contemplative silence, in its manifestation as a mode of capable being, is a self-consciously spiritual and ethical activity that aims at a transformation of reflexive consciousness. I assert that contemplative silence manifests a mode of capable being in which we have an awareness of the awareness of the awareness of being with being whereby we can constitute and create a shared world of meaning(s) through poetically presencing our being as being with others. The doubling and tripling of the term "awareness" refers to five contextual levels of awareness, which are analyzed, including immediate self-awareness, immediate objective awareness, reflective awareness, reflexive awareness, and contemplative awareness. The analysis culminates with the claim that contemplative silence manifests a mode of capable being, one which creates the conditions of the possibility for contemplative awareness. A hermeneutics of contemplative silence manifests a deeper level of awareness--contemplative awareness--as a poetics of presencing our human solidarity. Contemplative awareness includes both an experience and an understanding of the proper ordering of our relational realities. My claim is that contemplative awareness can and should accompany the practice of contemplative silence in order to appropriate the meaning of a silence embodied in the here and now, through the hermeneutical endeavor. Contemplative awareness elicits movement in thinking, and involves the ongoing exercise of rethinking our relational realities in and for the world. I join three moments in the hermeneutical process--description, explanation, and interpretation--with the three moments in the traditional religious journey to spiritual and ethical maturity--the purgative, the illuminative, and the unitive. I present a conceptual framework that opens to hermeneutics, and a way to think about ongoing appropriation of a mode of capable being as growth in the human capacity to make and carry meaning. The threefold way, as it is interpreted in this study, is a heuristic model of the invariant elements of the tradition of contemplative silence. There is reflexivity to the structure, because a study of the practice is an exemplification of the practice, which produces the very practice that it is talking about.

<p>Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att undersöka metaforiken i Federico Garcia Lorcas drama Yerma. Undersökningen tar sin utgångspunkt i föreställningen att metaforiken är betydelsebärande för dramat. Metaforiken fokuseras genom en analys som syftar till att blottlägga struktur hos metaforerna. Denna analys fungerar som övergång till en tolkning med hermeneutisk prägel. I strukturanalysen tillämpas Max Blacks interaktionsteori och tolkningen utgår framförallt från Paul Ricoeurs hermeneutiska fenomenologi, vilken även ligger till grund för kombinationen av strukturanalys och hermeneutisk tolkning. Uppsatsen undersöker på detta vis metaforikens speciella karaktär i dramat och dess referens till verkets värld. Metaforerna ses som ingående i ett större nätverk i dramat och gemensamma mönster för uppbyggnad och uttryck urskiljs.</p><p>Nyckelord: Metafor, Metaforik, Federico Garcia Lorca, Yerma, Paul Ricoeur, dramatik, spansk litteratur.</p>