Background: Patients with borderline personality disorder represent a large group in healthcare who are struggling with painful emotions in life. Caring should be based on strengthening health processes by focusing on the patients, but research made by the patient's perspective has shown that this population rather felt that their health processes was counteracted, than promoted. The patients felt that the nurses displayed a negative attitude towards them. Attitudes are defined as a system of values, emotions and actions towards others.   Aim: the purpose of this study was to highlight the attitudes and experiences of nurses towards caring for people with borderline personality disorder   Methods: A study on the literature based on nine scientific papers was performed. The articles have been analyzed, systematically coded and compiled into a new unit.   Results: This study shows that nurses have an overall negative attitude towards patients with borderline personality disorder. Three main categories emerged, which was lack of knowledge, difficult patients and experiences influence. The nurses expressed the lack of knowledge as a feeling of not being competent enough to provide the right care and because of the fact that they had little faith in the care options that existed. Difficult patients was the biggest theme which showed that patients were seen as strong, dangerous ruthless forces that evokes powerlessness among nurses. Something that was seen as consistent throughout the study was that the patients were seen as dishonest and manipulative. The third main theme ”experiences influence” showed that experiences affects and touches the nurse that then contributes to the selection of treatment strategies.   Discussions: It appears that there is a gap between nurses' attitudes and the needs of patients resulting in health suffering. This is discussed by Katie Erikson's theory of care suffering from nursing science theory of health and care, patients 'and nurses' views on health promotion.   Keywords: Borderline personality disorder, experiences, attitudes, nursing, nurse, nurses.

Background: People with Emotional Instable Personality (EIP) have a high comorbidity with other mental disorders and a high suicide rate. Previous research has revealed negative attitudes, in the society, toward people with EIP. They are often seen as manipulative, hard to understand and temperamental. Research has shown that this view also exists among health care professionals, who often have negative attitudes and show less empathy for patients with EIP Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify nursing interventions that can promote the quality of life for people with EIP. Method: Systematic literature review was used as a method. Thirty articles were selected for the study and these were sought in Chinal, PubMed and PsycINFO. Analysis and interpretation was done according to qualitative content analysis. Results: Five main categories were identified: Supporting components of caring; Including the patient in the care; Supportive care; Supporting activities and therapies; Supportive care interventions in inpatient care Conclusions: There is a need for more knowledge and greater understanding of people with EIP, in the society as well as in mental health services, in order to enable attitude changes and reduce the risk of further suffering. It is also important for healthcare professionals  to strive for continuity in the care of people with EIP. Patients should also be involved in their own care. It is also important to take a patient's perspective and respond to patients based on their individual needs.

The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis of Eysenck proclaiming that the psychopaths are more extraverted than the ordinary population. The author reached the conclusion that Eysenck understood psychopathy as a concept similar to the dissocial personality disorder. Based on these grounds it was deemed reasonable to test the hypothesis on individuals with such a diagnosis. The author choose the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) and the 4Elements Questionnaire which allowed her to test the hypothesis with regards to the various aspects of the dimension of extraversion. The research confirmed that the individuals diagnosed with the dissocial personality disorder reach higher values on the scale measured by the EPQ-R than are the values shown for the general population. A significant positive correlation was also found between the scale of extraversion measured by the EPQ-R and the element of fire measured by the 4Elements test. However, no correlation was found between extraversion and the element of air. Based on these results the author concludes that the individuals with the dissocial personality disorder are more extraverted than the general population, primarily due to the higher scores in the items monitoring impulsivity, liveliness and ascendance.

Student Number : 8887128 - PhD thesis - School of Psychology - Faculty of Humanities / There is a manifest similarity between the disorders of deficient attention and borderline psychopathology as they are described in the DSM IV. In my experience, those with borderline psychopathology have a history of problems with attention. This study seeks to explore the experiential link between the two disorders and how deficient attention acts as a precipitant factor in the development of borderline psychopathology. Ten interviews were conducted with adults diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder with a history of deficient attention. The interviews were unstructured, audiotaped and transcribed. The transcriptions were analysed according to the method of thematic content analysis. The transcriptions were also rerepresented in the testimonial form of life history. The data produced seven categories of experience, set in an overall context of trauma. Attention formed only one of these categories. The others were incoherence, incompetence, discord, refraction, dispossession and persecution. The categories, together with existing literature, were linked to form a traumatogenic model of the development of borderline psychopathology. This constitutes an extension of existing literature and is intended to contribute to the prevention and treatment of both disorders.

Objetivo: Criar modelo de cenas, composto por personagens de filmes brasileiros, com diagnósticos estatisticamente validados, com potencial didático e de realismo, para o ensino dos transtornos da personalidade (TP). Método: Pesquisa de natureza mista, que consistiu na análise de 87 personagens, pertencentes à amostra de 55 filmes brasileiros. Os instrumentos utilizados possibilitaram avaliar os diagnósticos e os potenciais para ensino. Os procedimentos foram efetuados às cegas por três avaliadoras, em quatro etapas distintas: identificação, seleção, elegibilidade e inclusão. Resultados: Dentre os personagens avaliados, 78% (68) apresentaram traços/diagnóstico de TP. Destes, 10% foram categorizados em algum TP do grupo A, 80% do grupo B e 10% do grupo C. A personalidade antissocial foi a mais frequente (46%). A concordância entre avaliadoras, para diagnóstico, foi calculada pelo coeficiente de kappa free-marginal e equivaleu a 0,81, com IC de 95%. O modelo final de cenas foi composto por 16 personagens, que apresentaram maiores níveis de concordância diagnóstica, e maiores potenciais de didática e realismo. Os TP presentes no modelo foram: paranoide, esquizoide, antissocial, borderline, histriônica, narcisista e obsessivo-compulsiva. As categorias esquizotípica, esquiva e dependente não obtiveram pontuação suficiente para serem incluídas. Estimula-se investimento em novas pesquisas que utilizem o cinema brasileiro como objeto. Espera-se que o modelo final seja implementado, em breve, para investigação de sua efetividade prática no processo ensino-aprendizagem / Objective: To create a scene model, composed of Brazilian movies characters with statistically validated diagnoses, with didactic and realism potential, for the teaching of personality disorders (PD). Method: Mixed methods research, which consisted of the analysis of 87 characters, belonging to the sample of 55 Brazilian movies. The instruments made it possible to evaluate the diagnoses and potential for teaching. The procedures were performed blindly by three evaluators, in four distinct steps: identification, selection, eligibility and inclusion. Results: Among the characters evaluated, 78% (68) presented traits/diagnosis of PD. Of these, 10% were categorized into cluster A, 80% cluster B and 10% cluster C. The antisocial personality was the most frequent (46%). Agreement between evaluators for diagnosis was calculated by the free-marginal kappa coefficient and was equivalent to 0.81, with a 95% CI. The final model of scenes was composed by 16 characters, who presented higher levels of diagnostic agreement, and greater didactic and realism potentials. The PDs present in the model were: paranoid, schizoid, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic and obsessive-compulsive. The schizotypal, avoidant, and dependent categories did not score enough to be included. It stimulates investment in new research that investigate Brazilian cinema. It is hoped that the final model will be implemented soon to investigate its practical effectiveness in the teaching-learning process

This essay will analyze the protagonist of Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman, from a psychoanalytical perspective. The purpose is to establish the reason for his suicide. The thesis is that Willy Loman seems to have developed a narcissistic and borderline personality disorder and as a consequence his mentality was affected and that led him to commit suicide. Willy Loman is a self-centered man who has an obsession with success both as a salesman but also as a husband and a father, in such a way that his mental health is questioned. This suggests that his final decision to commit suicide has been affected by some type of mental disorder that derives from his neuroses. Therefore, Willy Loman’s behavior will be investigated by using Freud’s psychoanalytical theory of neuroses and mental disorders.

Background: During an age of fiscal constraint and increasing pressure to provide timely access to effective, efficient and evidence based care, there is an increased need for research to develop empirically based prevention and intervention strategies for complex psychological difficulties which often present during childhood and adolescence. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) are under significant pressure to deliver timely access to services, with demand frequently outstripping capacity to deliver. These challenges have highlighted the need for services to ensure that planning supports continued improvement in quality and delivers the best possible outcomes for service users. Systematic Review: A systematic review of the literature on the efficacy of group based interventions for adolescents with features or a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) was conducted. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and underwent detailed quality analysis. All included studies reported a significant improvement in psychopathology and symptoms of distress as well as an improvement in quality of life for both group based interventions and treatment as usual. Overall, the results hold promise for current work with adolescents with BPD and highlight the importance for future research in this developing area. However, more rigorous research is required to identify the active ingredients of treatments for BPD in adolescents with a view to developing standardised treatment protocols. Empirical Study: A Delphi study was conducted to explore perceptions on the relevance, practicalities, importance and feasibility of implementing nationally agreed CAMHS referral criteria from the perspective of clinicians working in CAMHS in the North of Scotland. In addition, the study aimed to explore and gain consensus on possible factors which support clinicians working in specialist services. A three round electronic Delphi survey, an iterative structured process used to gather information and gain group consensus, was completed by twenty-eight clinicians working in CAMHS. Eight open ended questions in Round 1, were analysed using content analyses resulting in ninety-eight statements to be rated by the same group of clinicians in Round 2 and fifteen statements in Round 3. Of the ninety-eight statements, eighty-four reached consensus. Results indicate that the guidelines are viewed by many clinicians as both acceptable and important, however, implementation of the guidelines can present services with significant challenges and have highlighted the importance of services having the correct infrastructure before it is possible to implement the referral criteria in a consistent and meaningful way.

Introdução: A literatura aponta um envolvimento cada vez maior de jovens com a delinquência e a criminalidade. Nos últimos anos, as pesquisas com população forense têm buscado estudar a etiologia do comportamento antissocial. Neste contexto a avaliação neuropsicológica tem sido cada vez mais utilizada como recurso para a investigação da correlação entre conduta infracional e déficits cognitivos. Este estudo investigou o desempenho cognitivo de jovens infratores reincidentes e não reincidentes em tarefas relacionadas às funções executivas. Método: 38 jovens infratores com idade média de 18 anos (±0,23) foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1: Infratores Primários (n=17) e Grupo 2: Infratores Reincidentes (n=21). Para a avaliação clínica utilizou-se os seguintes instrumentos: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) e os testes neuropsicológicos: Semelhanças; Fluência Verbal, Stroop Color Test, Cubos, Vocabulário, Dígitos, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) e índice de quociente de inteligência estimado (QI). Resultados: Os grupos foram pareados quanto à idade e escolaridade. O grupo de reincidentes (Grupo 2) mostrou maior pontuação na escala PCL-R (p=0,05) corroborando a tese de que traços de psicopatia são maiores entre infratores reincidentes. Nas provas neuropsicológicas de fluência verbal, TMT, Stroop, WCST, semelhanças e vocabulário, os grupos não se diferenciaram estatisticamente. Já na avaliação da execução de tarefas que exigem planejamento viso-espacial e QI estimado, o grupo 2 apresentou desempenho superior (p <0,01). Por outro lado, o grupo dos primários (grupo 1) apresentou maior eficiência (p=0,04) em tarefas relacionadas à amplitude atencional auditiva. Conclusões: O estudo permitiu identificar que as variáveis neuropsicológicas não são por si só, consistentes para discriminar aspectos cognitivos entre jovens infratores primários e reincidentes / Background: According to the literature, juvenile delinquency is a growing problem in many countries, which has increased researches with forensic population seeking for the etiology of antisocial behavior. In this context, neuropsychological evaluation is usually used as an important tool to investigate the correlation between conduct behavior and cognitive deficits. The present research compared executive functions between recidivist juvenile offenders and non-recidivist ones. Methods: 38 young offenders with 18 years old of average (±0,23) were divided in two groups: Group 1: Primary Offenders (n=17) and Group 2: Recidivist Offenders (n = 21), both evaluated through the following tools: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Psychopathy Checklist Revised(PCL-R) and the neuropsychological tests: similarities, verbal fluency, Stroop Color Test, block design, vocabulary, digit span, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and intelligence coefficient estimated (IQ). Results: The groups were controlled regarding age and scholarship. The recidivist group (group 2) showed higher scores at the PCL-R (p = 0,05) corroborating the theory that psychopathic traits are higher in these offenders. The groups reveal no statistical difference in the following neuropsychological test: verbal fluency, TMT, Stroop, WCST, similarities and vocabulary. However, group 2 presented better ability in activities requiring perceptual organization (p< 0,01), and also had higher estimated IQ (p< 0,02). In the other hand, group 1 performed better in tasks related to auditory sequencing and short-term memory (p=0,04). Conclusion: The results indicate that neuropsychological variables alone are not sufficient to discriminate between recidivist and norecidivist young offenders

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:35:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 7 / Nenhuma / Essa Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica focalizou os vínculos afetivos de adolescentes com indicadores de organização de personalidade borderline com seus pais ou cuidadores primários. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, baseado em Estudos de Casos Múltiplos. Buscou-se caracterizar e analisar os vínculos afetivos estabelecidos entre estes adolescentes e seus pais, com base em uma leitura psicanalítica. Este volume inclui o relatório da pesquisa realizada, e dois artigos científicos: um de revisão crítica da literatura, e o outro empírico, com a apresentação e discussão dos resultados do estudo. A partir da análise das entrevistas e instrumentos utilizados, foi possível constatar, como aspectos principais, as fragilidades e inconsistências nos vínculos afetivos e histórias de vida permeadas por vivências e representações de abandono, negligência e falta de investimento emocional por parte das figuras parentais. Aspectos transgeracionais apareceram com destaque nas dinâmicas destas famílias, repercu

Borderline Personlighetstörning är en psykiatrisk diagnos som definieras genom symtom som bristande impulskontroll, relationsproblem och självskadeproblem.Flera av dessa symtom är av den karaktären att de förorsakar beteenden som gör att möjligheten till att ge en god omvårdnad försvåras. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors attityder och upplevelser av att vårda patienter som lider av diagnosen BPS.Resultatet analyserades utifrån Evans (2003) modell. Studien har visat vilka utmaningar sjuksköterskan upplever i mötet med patienter med BPS när det gäller relation och omvårdnad.Sjuksköterskorna beskriver negativa attityder och upplevelser i arbetet med patienter med BPS. . Vidare har det framkommit att sjuksköterskorna har föreställningar om egenskaper av farlighet och manipulation när det gäller patienter med BPS. Ett sätt att hantera de svårigheter som finns i omvårdnadsarbetet med patientgruppen har varit att använda sig av avståndstagande från sjuksköterskornas sida, visar studien. Resultatet pekar även på att sjuksköterskorna anser att patienter med BPS har större ansvar för sitt beteende jämfört med andra patientgrupper.Sjuksköterskorna känner dock professionellt ansvar för patientgruppen och upplever en viss optimism när de gäller denna utmanande patientgrupp.För att kunna ge god omvårdnad till patienter med BPS bör sjuksköterskan ha stöd i sin professionalitet i form av behöver ett sammansvetsat och stödjande team, realistiska och tydliga mål, adekvat utbildning och fortlöpande handledning. / Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning