Growing very old into late life means increased suffering that may lead to despair and call for consolation. This thesis looks at the lived experience of very old people and aim at illuminating the meaning of growing very old and the meaning of consolation when growing old. It is part of the Umeå 85+ Study, and of the Consolation Study at the Department of Nursing, Umeå University. The participants were 85, 90, or 95 years old or over, living in the county of Umeå. The thesis comprises four studies with data from thematic interviews that are analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic method (Studies I, II, IV) and qualitative content analysis (III). For Study I the transcribed interviews of 15 85-year-old people were analyzed and disclosed the meaning of growing very old as: maintaining one’s identity in spite of the changes that come with aging—that is, being able to balance change with feeling the same. This was based on four themes: balancing weakness and strength, balancing slowness and swiftness of time, balancing reconciliation and regret, and balancing connectedness and loneliness. In Study II, interviews with 12 people between 95 and 103 years old were analyzed and disclosed the meaning of being very old as living in hope and being on the move, based on two themes: Being in stillness and in movement, which involves being in one’s aged body, unable to move, and being in the stillness of the inner person occupied with remembering and reconciling life; and Being at the threshold ready to let go, which implies being at peace and feeling confident despite the anxiety of dying. Study III describes how 90-years old and older people perceive consolation. Qualitative Content analysis of 49 interviews revealed four categories perceiving consolation connected to God, others, self, and things and presented in two themes: “Living amidst consolation in the presence of God” and “Seeking consolation”. Study IV examines the meaning of being consoled when growing very old. The interviews with 13 people over 85 years who scored high on a self-transcendent scale were analysed and disclosed the meaning of being consoled as an immediate experience of being carried and embraced by God and supported by the loving care and affection from others and the world, being relaxed, peaceful and full of joy and experiencing hope. The interpretation was based on the main theme Feeling whole, comprising the following themes: Being connected to self, Feeling connected to fellow beings and the world, Feeling connected to God. The meaning of growing very old and the meaning of consolation when growing very old point at a way of aging into late life interpreted as living in consolation. Reminiscence, reflecting on life and transcendence are resources when growing very old that were interpreted to being related to consolation. Thus growing very old and living in consolation is to transcend and come in communion with the sacred; with goodness, light, joy, beauty and life and hope, carried by a connectedness to God (e.g. Higher power) and supported by a connectedness to fellow beings and the world.

A pesquisa versa sobre o fenômeno da historicidade pessoal e a possibilidade de articulação dessa mesma historicidade. Ao discutir esse acontecimento no interior do contexto clínico, pretende-se contribuir para o avanço dos estudos no campo da Psicologia Clínica, mais especificamente, na abordagem de orientação fenomenológica e hermenêutica. Tomando como ponto de apoio a ideia de historicidade, tal como proposta pelo filósofo Martin Heidegger em Ser e tempo, como realização concreta da temporalidade do existir, buscamos compreender como um determinado modo de lidar com a história pessoal pode se esgotar, abrindo espaço para que um projeto existencial venha a alcançar mobilidade histórica. Ao pensarmos esta questão inserida no contexto clínico, a partir da relação entre terapeuta e paciente, torna-se relevante pensar o papel do terapeuta como aquele que sustenta um lugar de tensão com a medida do paciente, guardando um espaço de alteridade, um espaço do acontecimento de outra possibilidade. Para tanto, o trabalho se encaminha no sentido de agrupar referências teóricas do que foi produzido no campo da Psicologia fenomenológicohermenêutica, com ênfase na daseinsanálise de Ludwig Binswanger e Medard Boss. O que caracteriza propriamente este trabalho é partir das referências de Ser e tempo e do trabalho dos psiquiatras citados, somando a elas o pensamento tardio de Martin Heidegger, apresentando uma aplicabilidade diversa do que a pensada pelo autor, na medida em que busca fazer uma analogia entre as reflexões de Heidegger sobre a mobilidade histórica do mundo e a possibilidade da mobilidade histórica do paciente no contexto clínico / The research approaches the phenomenon of personal historicity and the possibility of articulation of this same historicity. In discussing this event within the clinical context, it is intended to contribute to the progress of studies in the field of clinical psychology, more specifically, in the phenomenological and hermeneutical approach. Taking the idea of historicity, as proposed by the philosopher Martin Heidegger in Being and Time, as a concrete realization of the temporality of being, we seek to understand how a certain way of dealing with personal history can be exhausted, opening space so an existential project can be able to reach historical mobility. When considering this matter inserted in the clinical context, from the relationship between therapist and patient, it becomes relevant to think of the role of the therapist as the one who holds a place of tension with the patient\'s measure, keeping a space of alterity, a space of occurrence of another possibility. To this end, this work is directed towards grouping theoretical references of what was produced in the field of phenomenological-hermeneutic psychology, with emphasis on the daseinsanalysis of Ludwig Binswanger and Medard Boss. What characterizes this work is to be based on the references of Being and Time and the work of the mentioned psychiatrists, adding to them the late work of Martin Heidegger, presenting a different applicability than the one thought by the author, in that it seeks to make an analogy between Heidegger\'s reflections on the historical mobility of the world and the possibility of historical mobility of the patient in the clinical context

The number of men and women suffering from alcohol dependency is increasing.Today there are shortcomings in knowledge about the lived experiences of being a woman or a man with alcohol dependency; knowledge which might be of importance for meeting these individual’s specific care needs. The overall aim of the study was to obtain a deeper understanding of women and men's experience of living with alcohol dependency and being professionally cared for. The qualitative investigation design was exploratory and founded in a life world perspective. Data were collected from fourteen women and fifteen men with alcohol dependency by means of open in-depth interviews and subjected to a phenomenological-hermeneutic analysis. It was found that living with alcohol dependency encompasses a complex but limited life situation in which both women and men strive for social acceptance and adjustment. Women turned out to live a more introverted life than men and presented false facades. Men turned out to live a life in action, risk taking and control. Professional caring was shown to mean availability and confirmation of needs. For men with alcohol dependency professional caring meant support and gentle guidance in their active struggle against their alcohol dependency. For women, professional caring meant having an active caregiver who cherished them and enabled them to rest. Professional caring reduced senses of shame in both women and men. It may be concluded that in order to offer care for men and women with alcohol dependency professional carers have to consider gender specific needs of support and guidance. In addition, in order to alleviate suffering, professional caregivers have to be accessible, supportive and directed toward the alcohol dependent women's and men’s everyday world.

Bakgrund Många mammor som fött barn prematurt önskar amning som uppfödning för sitt barn för bröstmjölkens immunologiska faktorer och som en kompensation för att graviditeten avslutats för tidigt. Amningens etablering kan vara komplicerad och kräva tålamod när barnet behöver vård. Beroende på barnets känslighet kan det ta olika lång tid tills barnet kan påbörja amningsträning. En av de viktigaste faktorerna för att amningen ska kunna etableras är att mamman får igång en tillräcklig mjölkproduktion motsvarande den mängd ett fullgånget barn skulle kräva. För att få igång en tillräcklig produktion är det bra att komma igång med urmjölkning så fort som möjligt efter barnets födelse. Mamman behöver stimulera mjölkproduktionen tills barnet ammar fullt. Syftet med studien var att belysa innebörden av urmjölkning för mammor vars barn fötts prematurt. Metod Det strategiska urvalet utgörs av sju mammor vars barn fötts före vecka 34 med erfarenhet av urmjölkning. Datainsamlingen består av öppna intervjuer och materialet har analyserades med en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk ansats. Resultatet visar att urmjölkning utförs i en oreflekterad ansträngning men att mammor är måna om de egna behoven samtidigt som behoven åsidosätts. Vårdkontexten kan kännas utlämnade och begränsande. Självtilliten får betydelse liksom strukturen. När utfallet inte blir som planerat kan sorgen innebära att förhålla sig till det som inte kan förändras. Känsla av hanterbarhet, begriplighet och meningsfullhet kan få betydelse för processen. Slutsats Ur ett vårdvetenskapligt perspektiv blir det betydelsefullt att utgå från den enskilda mammans upplevelser av urmjölkningen och stärka en god självtillit. / Background Many mothers who have given birth premature wish to breast feed their children for immunological reasons and as a compensation for a pregnancy that ended too early. The breast feeding may be complicated and in need of great patience as the child might need health care. Depending of the baby´s sensitivity it can vary in time for a child to start breast feeding. One of the important reasons for the mother to get her breast feeding started is to make milk production start, corresponding to the amount of milk that a fully mature baby would need. To get a sufficient production it is important to start emptying the breasts quick as possible after having given full extend. Aim with the study was to illuminate the meaning of emptying the breasts for mothers whos baby was born premature. Method Seven mothers who had given birth before week 34 and had experienced emptying breasts. The data collection come from interviews and the results have been analyzed by a fenomenological hermenutichal approach. Results shows that emptying the breasts is done without any effort but that mothers are eager to look at their own needs at the same time as their own needs are being put aside. The hospital care can make the women feel left out and controlled. Self-confidence gets important as well as the structure. When the result is not as you had planned sadness make you realize that things cannot be changed. The feeling of managing, understanding and meaningfulness fills you up. Conclusions looking at it from a scientific perspective it is very important to consider the individual mothers experience in how to empty the breasts from milk and how to strengthen her self-confidence.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur personer med ohälsa och lidande orsakat av sektmedlemskap upplever mötet med den psykiatriska vården. Studien hade en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk ansats och byggde på fem intervjuer med personer från fyra olika sekter som i samband med processen att lämna sekten kommit i kontakt med den psykiatriska vården. Resultatet beskrivs på tre tolkningsnivåer; naiv förståelse, strukturanalys och tolkad helhet. Den naiva analysen visade att personer med ohälsa och lidande orsakat av sektmedlemskap upplevde att mötet med den psykiatriska vården präglades av missförstånd och brist på kunskap om problematiken och vilka konsekvenserna blev när en person valde att lämna en sekt. Strukturanalysen resulterade i elva subteman, tre teman och ett huvudtema. Huvudtemat fick namnet Lost in Translation och sammanfattade kärnan i studiens resultat vilket var att personer med ohälsa och lidande orsakat av sektmedlemskap kände sig vilse och utanför och hade svårt att förstå och få förståelse för sin situation vilket ledde till missförstånd i mötet med den psykiatriska vården. Den tolkade helheten visade att de personer som kände sig sedda och bekräftade i sitt lidande hade en mer positiv upplevelse av mötet med den psykiatriska vården. / The aim of the study was to investigate how persons with illness and distress caused by cult membership experienced the encounter with psychiatric care. The study had a phenomenological hermeneutic approach and was based on five interviews with people from four different cults who in the process of leaving the cult had contact with psychiatric care. The result are described in three levels of interpretation; naive understanding, structural analysis and interpreted whole. The naive analysis showed that persons with illness and distress caused by cult membership experienced that the contact with psychiatric care was characterized by misunderstanding and lack of knowledge of the problems and the consequences that were a result of a person leaving a cult. The structural analysis resulted in eleven subthemes, three themes and an overall theme. The main theme was called Lost in Translation and summarized the essence of the results of the study which was that persons with illness and distress caused by cult membership felt lost and outside and had trouble to understand and to find understanding for their situation and that this caused misunderstandings in the encounter with psychiatric care. The interpreted whole showed that persons that felt that they were seen and confirmed in their suffering had a more positive experience of the encounter with psychiatric care.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lauro Simoes de Castro Bisnetto.pdf: 1582172 bytes, checksum: 6d9e26a606fd83509fe254ae7c6183d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / The dissertation achieves a comparative critic between the culture of judicial precedents in the common s law order and the dogmatic of the decisions binding systematized by the New Civil Procedure Code (L. 13.105/15). We intend to illustrate a secular decision s practice that shows itself complex and to question what seems to be a precipitated import of this juridical experience. The possibility of thinking this analysis is discovered by philosophy. Stem from the phenomenological hermeneutic of Martin Heidegger confronted to the Immanuel s Kant epistemology we shed some light on the happening of precedents in oppose to the pre-determined binding decisions. The interpretative possibilities of both systems are explored in order to become viable a compromised critic. Finally, the work presents a possible post-positivist comprehension to the hermeneutic application of binding decisions, a behavior expectative based on integrity and stability of Law in favor of grounded jurisdictional answers / A dissertação realiza uma crítica comparativa entre a cultura dos precedentes judiciais na ordem do common law e a dogmática dos provimentos vinculantes sistematizada pelo Novo Código de Processo Civil (L. 13.105/15). Procuramos ilustrar uma prática decisória secular que se mostra complexa e questionar o que parece ser uma importação precipitada dessa experiência jurídica. A possibilidade de pensarmos essa análise é descoberta pela filosofia. A partir da hermenêutica fenomenológica de Martin Heidegger confrontada à epistemologia de Immanuel Kant procuramos pôr à vista o acontecer dos precedentes em face dos provimentos vinculantes pré-determinados. As possibilidades interpretativas de ambos sistemas são exploradas para que se torne viável uma crítica compromissada. Ao final, o trabalho apresenta uma possível compreensão pós-positivista para a aplicação hermenêutica dos provimentos vinculantes, uma expectativa comportamental pautada na integridade e estabilidade do Direito em favor de respostas jurisdicionais fundamentadas

The overall aim of this licentiate thesis was to describe encounters in hospital care from the perspectives of nurses and patients. It focuses specifically on nurses’ views of shortcomings in patient-care encounters in one hospital (I) and the meanings of participation in hospital care as narrated by patients (II). Three focus group discussions with 15 registered nurses were conducted, and data were analyzed using thematic content analysis (I). Narrative interviews were conducted with 15 patients in hospital care, and the interviews were analyzed with a phenomenological hermeneutic interpretation (II). This licentiate thesis shows that a shared understanding is considered as central for both the nurses and the patients in the hospital-care encounter. The nurses demonstrate the need to understand, to create space, and also to be available for vulnerable patients. The patients describe the need to be understood and to understand their own situations. This thesis suggests that positive encounters in hospital care imply that nurses need to take responsibility for creating a mutual dialogue where the patient experiences himself or herself as a co-creator in a trustful context. When nurses acknowledge and confirm the vulnerability of their patients, it becomes possible to support them to participate in an active manner. A well-functioning team, as well as a coherent environment, is, in this thesis, understood as a precondition for positive hospitalcare encounters.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-17T14:19:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuizaviannapessoademendonca.pdf: 4089662 bytes, checksum: c52edde5b2edf7a0dc3516fd910107e8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T14:38:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuizaviannapessoademendonca.pdf: 4089662 bytes, checksum: c52edde5b2edf7a0dc3516fd910107e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T14:38:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuizaviannapessoademendonca.pdf: 4089662 bytes, checksum: c52edde5b2edf7a0dc3516fd910107e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / No presente trabalho apresenta-se um estudo da História das Religiões de Mircea Eliade realizado sobre três aspectos desta obra: os aspectos epistemológico, metodológico e categorial. Na primeira parte do trabalho, postula-se que a História das Religiões eliadiana se trata de uma disciplina autônoma e integral, com objeto próprio de estudo – o fenômeno religioso considerado no seu plano específico de referência, o plano religioso – e com método próprio de trabalho – um método histórico-fenomenológicohermenêutico unitário –; que tal disciplina gira em torno de dois eixos – a fenomenologia da religião stricto sensu e a história das religiões; que, no seu todo, a História das Religiões eliadiana tem o estatuto de uma fenomenologia existencial da religião, situando-se no âmbito da Filosofia. Na segunda parte deste trabalho discorre-se sobre o método apenas implícito na obra eliadiana, o qual leva em conta o aspecto histórico do fenômeno religioso e o qual conjuga fenomenologia e hermenêutica, desenvolvendo-se em dois planos: o primeiro plano é o da análise fenomenológicodescritiva do fenômeno religioso realizada no campo da fenomenologia da religião stricto sensu, no qual o autor romeno conforma sua morfologia do sagrado; o segundo plano é o da análise hermenêutico-filosófica dos fenômenos religiosos históricos, no qual o citado autor procede à interpretação dos fenômenos religiosos historicamente acontecidos para a elaboração de sua história das religiões; Eliade utiliza ainda a análise hermenêutico-filosófica dos simbolismos religiosos para a realização de uma hermenêutica filosófica dos símbolos religiosos por meio da qual formula juízos normativos sobre a condição humana. Na terceira parte deste trabalho, realiza-se um estudo das principais categorias do pensamento eliadiano com ênfase para a hierofania, a dialética da hierofania, a dialética do sagrado e do profano, o sagrado, a religião, a experiência religiosa, o espaço sagrado, tempo e história, o homo religiosus, o homem ocidental moderno a-religioso, o arquétipo, o arquétipo da coincidentia oppositorum, imagens e símbolos, a a-historicidade da vida religiosa, o símbolo religioso, o simbolismo religioso, o mito, o rito, a camuflagem e a ocultação do sagrado no profano, a irreconhecibilidade do sagrado na História (ou a irreconhecibilidade do milagre) e o sagrado no mundo ocidental secularizado. / In this thesis a study of Mircea Eliade’s History of Religions is presented carried through on three different approaches: the epistemological approach, the methodological approach and the categorical approach. In the first Chapter of this thesis, it is claimed that Eliade’s History of Religions constitutes an autonomous and integral discipline, with proper object of study – the religious phenomenon in its specific plan of reference, the religious plan - and with proper method of work – a unitary historical-phenomenological-hermeneutic method -; that such discipline turns around two axles – the phenomenology of religion stricto sensu and the history of religions -; that, in its all, the eliadian History of Religions has the statute of an existential phenomenology of religion placing itself in the branch of Philosophy. In the second Chapter of this thesis, it is discoursed on the only implicit method in the eliadian workmanship, which takes in account the historical aspect of the religious phenomenon and which conjugates phenomenology and hermeneutics, developing itself in two plans: the first plan is that of the phenomenological-descriptive analysis of the religious phenomenon carried through on the field of the phenomenology of religion stricto sensu, in which the Rumanian author conforms his morphology of the Sacred; the second plan is that of the hermeneutic-philosophical analysis of the historical religious phenomena in which the cited author proceeds to the interpretation of the religious phenomena historically happened for the elaboration of his history of religions; Eliade also use the hermeneutic-philosophical analysis of the religious symbolisms for the accomplishment of a philosophical hermeneutics of the religious symbols by means of which he formulates normative judgments on the human being condition. In the third Chapter of this work, a study of the main categories of the eliadian thought is developed with emphasis for the hierophany, the dialectic of the hierophany, the dialectic of the Sacred and the Profane, the Sacred, the religion, the religious experience, the sacred space, time and history, homo religiosus, the modern Occidental man of the secularized societies, the archetype, the archetype of coincidentia oppositorum, images and symbols, the non-historicity of the of religious life, the religious symbol, the religious symbolism, the Myth, the Rite, the Camouflage and the Occultation of the Sacred in the Profane, the unrecognizableness of the Sacred in History (or the unrecognizableness of miracle), and the Sacred in the modern secularized Occidental world.