New internet services require low and stable latency, which is difficult to provide with traditional routers and queuing mechanisms. Current routers aim to provide high throughput using large buffers causing considerable network latency under load. Recently, Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms have been proposed to reduce such problem by actively controlling queue lengths to maintain target latencies. However, AQMs are difficult to implement in switching Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) due to inherent architectural constraints. On the other hand, resource sharing is another important goal aiming to differentiate traffic and allocating more resources to different traffic types.  The objective of this thesis is to implement the AQM algorithm Proportional Integral Controller Enhanced (PIE) with a packet marking based resource sharing concept Per Packet Value (PPV) on a programmable switching ASIC using the novel network programmability concept P4. Our solution is designed to maintain low and controllable latency and to utilize the bottleneck link efficiently, while observing the bandwidth sharing properties of the marking scheme. Our goal is to show that Data Plane native implementations of PPV PIE using the Tofino is possible without severely limiting performance or accuracy. The solution places the computation of PIE's drop probability estimation on a timer in the Data Plane utilizing a state machine, packet mirroring, packet recirculation and approximative arithmetics implemented by lookup tables. Additionally, a small control loop is required in order to update lookup tables based on packet statistics from the Control Plane.  In our evaluation using a Tofino based testbed, we evaluate the impact of different parameters on both Control Plane latency, Data Plane throughput and delay for both static and dynamic traffic scenarios. Our results demonstrate commendable performance in terms of controlling queuing delay, effective throughput and bandwidth share when taking operator policy in regard.

Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de bacterias aerobias y su perfil de sensibilidad antibiótica hallados por biopsias ósea (BO) o muestras profundas en la base de herida posterior a desbridamiento agudo en infecciones de pie diabético con clasificación Wagner III-V de pacientes atendidos en hospitales de la región de Lambayeque enero - abril 2021. Metodología: El estudio es descriptivo transversal, con muestreo censal; la muestra la conformaron los pacientes con infecciones de pie diabético con clasificación Wagner III, IV o V que se atendieron en el hospital Belén de la región Lambayeque durante los meses de enero - abril del 2021. Resultados: Entre los microorganismos con mayor frecuencia se encontró Escherichia coli (26%), Proteus mirabilis (17%), Staphylococcus aureus (17%). Se encontró resistencia en el 69% a ciprofloxacino y el 62% a levofloxacino. Por otro lado, el 100% era resistente a cefazolina y cefotaxime. La resistencia a los de tercera generación fue variable, siendo ceftazidima 50%, ceftriaxona 44%. Respecto a la sensibilidad, el 100% era sensible a cefoxitin, el 78% a meropenen, el 86% a amikacina y el 70% a gentamicina. Conclusión: Los patógenos más frecuentes en pie diabético fueron Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus. Se halló sensibilidad a aminoglucósidos y carbapenem.

[pt] O tema do testemunho cristão e toda a sacramentalidade nele implicada é o foco principal deste trabalho. Evidencia-se, inicialmente, o tema do testemunho cristão como martírio em breve percurso histórico, além do foco sobre o testemunho nas óticas profana e religiosa, bem como, nos recentes Concílios Ecumênicos e no magistério pós-conciliar dos últimos papas. Verifica-se que o testemunho cristão possui peso considerável para o fator de credibilidade da Igreja, sendo mesmo uma condição primeira necessária à credibilidade da fé, pois muitos não mais creem na instituição, porém não negam a realidade de um testemunho cristão evidente. Tomando-se por base a obra sobre Eclesiologia de Salvador Pié-Ninot, busca-se evidenciar a questão da sacramentalidade da Igreja como novo lugar sociocultural. Percorre-se a noção da Igreja-sacramento em seu sinal interior, como comunidade; e em seu sinal exterior que evidencia a Igreja como sociedade e todos os aspectos daí derivados. Para Pié-Ninot, o testemunho é tido como elemento-chave de credibilidade na Igreja e passa a ser conhecido como via testimonii, por ser o caminho mais enfático, notório e coerente para a evangelização. Unem-se, portanto, as duas noções anteriores, buscando realizar uma mescla do testemunho cristão como questão de sacramentalidade da Igreja, na qual as heresias que o mundo reapresenta na atualidade, o neognosticismo e o neopelagianismo, são contrapostas com a ortodoxia do Papa Francisco. Conclui-se este trabalho, evidenciando-se o testemunho cristão como um sacramental da Igreja, o qual remete ao Sacramento primordial, que é a Igreja, numa perspectiva eclesial e teológica. / [en] The theme of Christian witness and all the sacramentality involved in it is the main focus of this work. Initially, the theme of Christian witness as a martyrdom is highlighted in a brief historical way, in addition to the focus on witness in the profane and religious perspectives, as well as in recent Ecumenical Councils and in the post-conciliar magisterium of the last popes. It is verified that the Christian witness has considerable weight for the Church s credibility factor, being even a necessary first condition for the credibility of the faith, since many people no longer believe in the institution, but they do not deny the reality of an evident Christian witness. Based on Salvador Pié-Ninot s Ecclesiology, we seek to highlight the issue of the sacramentality of the Church as a new sociocultural issue. The notion of the Church-sacrament is explored in its indoor sign, as a community; and in its outdoor sign that evidences the Church as a society and all the aspects derived from it. For Pié-Ninot, witness is seen as a key element of credibility in the Church and becomes known as via testimonii, as it is the most emphatic, notorious and coherent way of evangelization. Therefore, the two previous notions are united, seeking to achieve a mixture of Christian witness as a matter of sacramentality of the Church, in which the heresies that the world represents today, neognosticism and neopelagianism, are opposed through the orthodoxy of Pope Francis. This work is concluded, highlighting the Christian witness as a sacramental of the Church, which refers to the primordial Sacrament, which is the Church, in an ecclesial and theological perspective.

La thèse porte sur l'histoire de Radio Vatican et de ses émissions diffusées dans plusieurs langues de sa fondation à la Seconde guerre mondiale. La recherche a démontré que Radio Vatican, moderne moyen d'apostolat fortement voulu par Pie XI, devint avec le temps un moyen de propagande et contre-propagande ainsi que de diplomatie utilisé pour défendre les positions et les décisions du Saint-Siège pendant la guerre. Radio Vatican a été étudiée comme un observatoire spécial pour aborder quelques-unes des problématiques les plus vives concernant le pontificat de Pie XII pendant la guerre: la position de l'église envers le conflit en cours, le rapport avec les régimes (fasciste italien, national socialiste, communiste, de Vichy) et avec les démocraties (Angleterre et États Unis). Les reconstructions des relations de Radio Vatican avec la Curie, l'usage qui fut fait de ce moyen, les contenus des émissions, les décisions de les diffuser, les modalités et les temps, ou ce qu'on préféra taire, tout cela a été l'occasion pour réfléchir sur le gouvernement de l'Église de Eugenio Pacelli. / This dissertation concerns the history of Vatican Radio and its broadcasts spread in several languages from its foundation to the Second World War. The research demonstrates that Vatican Radio, a modern means of apostolate strongly wanted by Pius XI, during the war had become means of propaganda and counterpropaganda, as well as of diplomacy, used to defend the positions and the decisions of the Holy See. Radio Vatican has been studied as a special observatory to approach some of the most outstanding problems concerning the pontificate of Pius XII during the war: the position of the Church towards the conflict, the relationship with the regimes (communist, Italian fascism, national-socialism, of Vichy) and with the democracies (England and the United States). The analysis of the relations between Vatican Radio and the Roman Curia, the use made of this means, the contents of broadcasts, the decision to spread them, the modalities and the times of their diffusion, or of what was preferred to keep silent, all these questions have been an opportunity to meditate upon the government of Eugenio Pacelli's Church.

Rapporten täcker vidareutvecklingen av en grafkomponent som från början kunde visa linjediagram med datapunkter bestående av reella tal. Grafkomponenten var en del av programvaran Tunnel Manager som är utvecklad av Sogeti till Atlas Copco. Tunnel Manager används i kombination med Atlas Copcos borrigg Boomer. Grafkomponenten utvidgades med stapeldiagram med flera serier, stapeldiagram med adderade serier och med cirkeldiagram. Den utvidgades även med nya datapunktstyper i form av datum och tid. Även gruppering av data för stapeldiagram lades till. Utökad information visades också när muspekaren hölls över ett diagram, ett så kallat tooltip. Zoom och panorering i diagrammen implementerades så användaren kunde granska vissa områden i detalj.  Rapporten omfattar även en utredning där det undersöktes vilken information och vilka diagram Atlas Copco hade behov av i framtiden i Tunnel Manager. Det visades sig att det fanns stort behov av att visa diverse information i diagram för att få ett bra underlag till beslutsfattning. Dels för planering av användandet av borriggen. Dels för underhåll av borriggen.  När stora mängder information samlas in behövs bra sätt att sammanfatta den på. Diagram är ett mycket bra sätt för detta ändamål. Diagrammen behöver dock följa vissa grundläggande regler för att de ska vara tillförlitliga. Bland annat att diagram som jämförs ska ha samma skala för att underlätta jämförelsen. Vidareutvecklingen av grafkomponenten tog hänsyn till dessa regler, det bidrog till att den lämpar sig att använda i produktion. / This report covers the further development of a chart component. The component could display a linechart with real number datapoints at the beginning. The chart component was part of as software called Tunnel Manager, developed by Sogeti for Atlas Copco. Tunnel Manager is used in combination with Atlas Copcos drilling rig Boomer. The charts added were barchart with support for several dataseries, stacked barchart with support for stacked dataseries and piechart. A new datapoint type for date and time was added. Grouping of data for the barcharts was also added.  Extended information was shown when the mouse pointer was held over a diagram, a tooltip. Zoom and panning in the charts was implemented, allowing the user to view some parts in detail.  The report also covers an investigation. The investigation finds out what kind of information, and what kinds of charts Atlas Copco had need of in the future in Tunnel Manager. There was a great need for displaying information in charts to get a good base for decision making. The information was needed for planning and maintenance of the drilling rigs.  When a lot of information is gathered from different sources a good way is needed for compilation and displaying of the information. Charts are a very good way of doing this. The carts need to follow a set of basic rules to be trustworthy. For example if several charts is to be compared, they need to have the same scale, to make it easier to compare. The further development of the chart component took these rules into account and it made it suitable for usage in production.

Domestic Violence is a pervasive social evil which must be combated with every means possible. To this end, the legislator enacted the Domestic Violence Act, 116 of 1998 (hereafter referred to as the DVA) to provide for a fast and accessible process by which the victims of domestic abuse can obtain an interdict to protect themselves against further acts of violence. Section 7(1)(c) of the DVA allows for a court, when considering an application made for a protection order in terms of the Act, to make an order prohibiting the Respondent from entering the shared residence of the Applicant and Respondent. Section 7(1)(d) allows for a court, when considering an application as mentioned, to make an order prohibiting the Respondent from entering any specific part of the shared residence. It is argued that the orders provided for in sections 7(1)(c) and (d) amounts, de facto, to an order that evicts the Respondent from the shared residence. Evictions are a traumatic procedure for the person(s) concerned, and endangers a large variety of human rights. It should therefore be approached with extreme caution to ensure that no person’s fundamental rights are infringed. Section 26(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (hereafter referred to as the Constitution) determines that no person(s) may be evicted from their home without a valid order of court, which order should be granted only after taking into consideration all the relevant circumstances. Specific pieces of legislation have been enacted to regulate the eviction process, prescribing specific procedures and setting requirements for a legal eviction. When an order is given in terms of section 7(1)(c) of the DVA, these procedures are not followed and the requirements are not met, resulting in illegal evictions. These orders may further infringe upon certain fundamental rights of the Respondent, such as the constitutional property rights set out in section 25, and the right of access to the courts. The concerned sections of the DVA can be justified under section 36 of the Constitution. However, it is argued that the DVA is in practice frequently misused by applicants, to such an extent that it becomes a tool of abuse, defying the whole purpose of the Act and extreme caution should be used by presiding officers when considering applications for orders in terms of sections 7(1)(c) and (d) of the DVA. / LLM, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Domestic Violence is a pervasive social evil which must be combated with every means possible. To this end, the legislator enacted the Domestic Violence Act, 116 of 1998 (hereafter referred to as the DVA) to provide for a fast and accessible process by which the victims of domestic abuse can obtain an interdict to protect themselves against further acts of violence. Section 7(1)(c) of the DVA allows for a court, when considering an application made for a protection order in terms of the Act, to make an order prohibiting the Respondent from entering the shared residence of the Applicant and Respondent. Section 7(1)(d) allows for a court, when considering an application as mentioned, to make an order prohibiting the Respondent from entering any specific part of the shared residence. It is argued that the orders provided for in sections 7(1)(c) and (d) amounts, de facto, to an order that evicts the Respondent from the shared residence. Evictions are a traumatic procedure for the person(s) concerned, and endangers a large variety of human rights. It should therefore be approached with extreme caution to ensure that no person’s fundamental rights are infringed. Section 26(3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (hereafter referred to as the Constitution) determines that no person(s) may be evicted from their home without a valid order of court, which order should be granted only after taking into consideration all the relevant circumstances. Specific pieces of legislation have been enacted to regulate the eviction process, prescribing specific procedures and setting requirements for a legal eviction. When an order is given in terms of section 7(1)(c) of the DVA, these procedures are not followed and the requirements are not met, resulting in illegal evictions. These orders may further infringe upon certain fundamental rights of the Respondent, such as the constitutional property rights set out in section 25, and the right of access to the courts. The concerned sections of the DVA can be justified under section 36 of the Constitution. However, it is argued that the DVA is in practice frequently misused by applicants, to such an extent that it becomes a tool of abuse, defying the whole purpose of the Act and extreme caution should be used by presiding officers when considering applications for orders in terms of sections 7(1)(c) and (d) of the DVA. / LLM, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evidenciar a relación entre el pie plano y la alteración pélvica; así como el tipo de alteración pélvica más frecuente (anterioridad o posterioridad iliaca), en escolares entre 6 y 10 años de edad pertenecientes al Instituto Educativo N° 1074 República de Irlanda del distrito de Pueblo Libre. Se tomó la población escolar de los grados 1ro, 2do y 3ro, siendo grupos mixtos entre varones y mujeres seleccionados mediante una encuesta incluida en el consentimiento informado, que excluiría a aquellos con afecciones neurológicas y/o congénitas, así como aquellos con antecedentes de cirugías ortopédicas o que lleven tratamiento fisioterapéutico. Este estudio fue según el campo de investigación de tipo no experimental, analítico observacional, sin grupo control, correlacional y transversal. Se recolectaron datos de una población total de 90 escolares entre 6 y 10 años, siendo el 33% (30) niñas y 67% (60) niños. Para la evaluación reunimos solo a los escolares sin antecedentes de afecciones neurologías, sin operaciones ortopédicas, de acuerdo a las referencias de los padres en el consentimiento informado. Ningún escolar presento displasia de cadera unilateral o bilateral en las pruebas de signos clínicos. Las pruebas aplicadas constaron en dos partes: primero la toma de huellas plantares que nos permitió identificar quienes tenían pie plano, cuyo grupo conformó la muestra; y segundo la evaluación ectoscópica postural para identificar la presencia de posterioridad/anterioridad. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: Con una muestra conformada por 51 casos de pie plano, el 55% presentó algún tipo de alteración pélvica postural representado por 28 casos. Se decidió analizar el tipo de alteración pélvica postural (entre anterioridad y posterioridad) más frecuente en casos de pie plano, para lo cual se procesaron los datos de la siguiente manera: se realizó un conteo de todas las huellas plantares positivas a pie plano y el tipo de alteración pélvica homo-lateralmente, teniéndose un total de 49 huellas podales positivas a pie plano de los cuales 23 presentaron posterioridad iliaca y 26 con anterioridad iliaca respectivamente. Concluyéndose tres cosas resaltantes de la investigación: primero que es doblemente más probable presentar una alteración pélvica postural si se presenta pie plano, segundo que es 3 veces más probable presentar una alteración pélvica si se tiene pie plano bilateral en comparación al tipo unilateral y tercero que es ligeramente más probable presentar anterioridad iliaca que posterioridad como tipo de alteración postural pélvica. Palabras claves: anterioridad iliaca, posterioridad iliaca, pie plano, postura pélvica.

Determina el efecto del programa para la independencia en la movilidad funcional de personas amputadas por pie diabético en el Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, 2018. El estudio es de tipo intervención cuasi experimental, sin grupo control. Prospectivo, no aleatorio. La población total fue de 8 usuarios con amputación por pie diabético del Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrion. Se utilizó el instrumento “Evaluación de la independencia para personas con amputación unilateral de miembro inferior”. El instrumento se sometió a una prueba de validez de contenido mediante un juicio de expertos constituido por 7 licenciados en terapia ocupacional. Además se realizó una prueba piloto, constituida por 10 personas con amputación de miembro inferior, el cual determinó que la prueba posee una alta confiabilidad a través del índice alfa de Cronbach (0.94). Los resultados obtenidos con la prueba de t de Student revelaron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre en los valores iniciales y finales de la evaluación aplicada antes y después del programa, dicha diferencia es favorable ya que todos los niveles de independencia mejoraron, obteniendo un valor positivo el cual confirma la hipótesis planteada debido al valor de P (0.001). Se determinó un efecto favorable del programa para la independencia en la movilidad funcional de personas amputadas por pie diabético en el Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión, 2018. / Tesis

Computers are developed continuously to satisfy the human demands, and typical tools used everywhere for ranging from daily life usage to all kinds of research. Virtual Reality (VR), a virtual environment simulated to present physical presence in the real word and imaginary worlds, has been widely applied to simulate the virtual environment. People’s feeling is limited to visual perception when only computers are applied for simulations, since computers are limited to display visualization of data, while human senses include sight, smell, hearing, taste, touch and so on. Other devices can be applied, such as haptics, a device for sense of touch, to enhance the human perception in virtual environment. A good way to apply VR applications is to place them in a virtual display system, a system with multiply tools displays a virtual environment with experiencing different human senses, to enhance the people’s feeling of being immersed in a virtual environment. Such virtual display systems include VR dome, recursive acronym CAVE, VR workbench, VR workstation and so on. Menus with lots of advantages in manipulating applications are common in conventional systems, operating systems or other systems in computers. Normally a system will not be usable without them. Although VR applications are more natural and intuitive, they are much less or not usable without menus. But very few studies have focused on user interfaces in VR. This situation motivates us working further in this area. We want to create two models on different purposes. One is inspired from menus in conventional system and the sense of touch. And the other one is designed based on the spatial presence of VR. The first model is a two-dimensional pie menu in pop-up style with spring force feedback. This model is in a pie shape with eight options on the root menu. And there is a pop-up style hierarchical menu belongs to each option on the root menu. When the haptics device is near an option on the root menu, the spring force will force the haptics device towards to the center of the option and that option will be selected, and then the sub menu with nine options will pop up. The pie shape together with the spring force effect is expected to both increase the speed of selection and decrease the error rate of selection. The other model is a semiautomatic three-dimensional cube menu. This cube menu is designed with a aim to provide a simple, elegant, efficient and accurate user interface approach. This model is designed with four faces, including the front, back, left and right faces of the cube. Each face represents a category and has nine widgets. Users can make selections in different categories. An efficient way to change between categories is to rotate the cube automatically. Thus, a navigable rotation animation system is built and is manipulating the cube rotate horizontally for ninety degrees each time, so one of the faces will always face users. These two models are built under H3DAPI, an open source haptics software development platform with UI toolkit, a user interface toolkit. After the implementation, we made a pilot study, which is a formative study, to evaluate the feasibility of both menus. This pilot study includes a list of tasks for each menu, a questionnaire regards to the menu performance for each subject and a discussion with each subject. Six students participated as test subjects. In the pie menu, most of the subjects feel the spring force guides them to the target option and they can control the haptics device comfortably under such force. In the cube menu, the navigation rotation system works well and the cube rotates accurately and efficiently. The results of the pilot study show the models work as we initially expected. The recorded task completion time for each menu shows that with the same amount of tasks and similar difficulties, subjects spent more time on the cube menu than on the pie menu. This may implicate that pie menu is a faster approach comparing to the cube menu. We further consider that both the pie shape and force feedback may help reducing the selection time. The result for the option selection error rate test on the cube menu may implicates that option selection without any force feedback may also achieve a considerable good effect. Through the answers from the questionnaire for each subject, both menus are comfortable to use and in good control.