Global ETD Search

51	Anotações sobre medidas defensivas à tomada de controle / Notes on the anti-takeover provisions Nascimento, João Pedro Barroso do 13 May 2010 (has links) As medidas defensivas contra tomadas de controle constituem o núcleo de estudo desta dissertação. São instrumentos jurídicos adotados principalmente por companhias abertas com dispersão acionária, visando à proteção contra uma eventual tentativa de tomada de controle. O assunto é de especial interesse no atual momento do mercado de capitais brasileiro, que vem apresentando significativo desenvolvimento nos últimos anos e propiciando meios para a proliferação no Brasil de companhias abertas com dispersão acionária. O estudo do tema é feito concomitantemente à crescente utilização no Brasil de proteções contra tomadas de controle, inclusive por companhias não dotadas de dispersão acionária. Algumas medidas defensivas são inspiradas na experiência prática de outros países e vêm sendo transplantadas para o Brasil sem a adequada harmonização às características do nosso regime jurídico. Este trabalho analisa os efeitos da utilização de medidas defensivas e, na medida do possível, a admissibilidade da adoção de determinadas defesas no Brasil. São também abordados os balizamentos para a postura da administração de companhias diante de tentativas de tomada de controle. São estudados os padrões de tratamento do tema nos principais modelos existentes na experiência internacional, a fim de fornecer subsídios para a criação de uma identidade brasileira no tratamento das defesas contra tentativas de tomada de controle. / The defensive anti-takeover measures constitute the core area of study in this dissertation. These are legal devices adopted mainly by publicly-held companies with widespread ownership dispersion, aiming at protection against an eventual takeover attempt. The subject is of special interest at the current moment of the Brazilian capital markets, which have shown significant development in the recent years, providing means for the proliferation in Brazil of publicly-held companies with widespread ownership dispersion. The study of the issue is done concomitantly with the increase of utilization in Brazil of anti-takeover protections, including by companies without widespread ownership dispersion. Some defensive measures are inspired by the practical experience of other countries, being transplanted to Brazil without the proper harmonization with the characteristics of our own legal system. This work analyzes the effects of the utilization of defensive measures and, to the extent possible, the admissibility of adoption of certain defenses in Brazil. The boundaries for the behavior of the management of companies under takeover attempts are also approached. The patterns for the treatment of this issue in the main existing models in foreign experience are studied, so as to provide subsidies to the creation of a Brazilian identity in the treatment of the defenses against takeover attempts. Acionista majoritário Ações Comparative corporate law Controle acionário Controlling power Defensive measures Kinds of defensive measures Management duties Poison pill Protection to diluted ownership clauses Shark repellants Sociedade anônima de capital aberto Sociedade comercial Takeover Tender offer
52	Anotações sobre medidas defensivas à tomada de controle / Notes on the anti-takeover provisions João Pedro Barroso do Nascimento 13 May 2010 (has links) As medidas defensivas contra tomadas de controle constituem o núcleo de estudo desta dissertação. São instrumentos jurídicos adotados principalmente por companhias abertas com dispersão acionária, visando à proteção contra uma eventual tentativa de tomada de controle. O assunto é de especial interesse no atual momento do mercado de capitais brasileiro, que vem apresentando significativo desenvolvimento nos últimos anos e propiciando meios para a proliferação no Brasil de companhias abertas com dispersão acionária. O estudo do tema é feito concomitantemente à crescente utilização no Brasil de proteções contra tomadas de controle, inclusive por companhias não dotadas de dispersão acionária. Algumas medidas defensivas são inspiradas na experiência prática de outros países e vêm sendo transplantadas para o Brasil sem a adequada harmonização às características do nosso regime jurídico. Este trabalho analisa os efeitos da utilização de medidas defensivas e, na medida do possível, a admissibilidade da adoção de determinadas defesas no Brasil. São também abordados os balizamentos para a postura da administração de companhias diante de tentativas de tomada de controle. São estudados os padrões de tratamento do tema nos principais modelos existentes na experiência internacional, a fim de fornecer subsídios para a criação de uma identidade brasileira no tratamento das defesas contra tentativas de tomada de controle. / The defensive anti-takeover measures constitute the core area of study in this dissertation. These are legal devices adopted mainly by publicly-held companies with widespread ownership dispersion, aiming at protection against an eventual takeover attempt. The subject is of special interest at the current moment of the Brazilian capital markets, which have shown significant development in the recent years, providing means for the proliferation in Brazil of publicly-held companies with widespread ownership dispersion. The study of the issue is done concomitantly with the increase of utilization in Brazil of anti-takeover protections, including by companies without widespread ownership dispersion. Some defensive measures are inspired by the practical experience of other countries, being transplanted to Brazil without the proper harmonization with the characteristics of our own legal system. This work analyzes the effects of the utilization of defensive measures and, to the extent possible, the admissibility of adoption of certain defenses in Brazil. The boundaries for the behavior of the management of companies under takeover attempts are also approached. The patterns for the treatment of this issue in the main existing models in foreign experience are studied, so as to provide subsidies to the creation of a Brazilian identity in the treatment of the defenses against takeover attempts. Acionista majoritário Ações Controle acionário Sociedade anônima de capital aberto Sociedade comercial Comparative corporate law Controlling power Defensive measures Kinds of defensive measures Management duties Poison pill Protection to diluted ownership clauses Shark repellants Takeover Tender offer
53	Dosis: din smarta pillerdosa : Utveckling av ett inbyggt system för en dosettask / Dosis: your smart pill dispenser : Development of an embedded system for a pilldispenser Kleyer, Oskar, Holmlund, Fredrik January 2018 (has links) Modern medicinering medför att patienter kan behandlas mer effektivt om den tas pårätt sätt. När patienter själva ansvarar för sin medicinering kan den feldoseras ellerglömmas bort, vilket ändrar förutsättningar för dess inverkan. Glömska kombineradmed sinnesnedsättningar försvårar för patienten att sköta sin medicinering.Lösningen på detta problem är idag utökad hemvård där vårdpersonal hjälper patientenatt ta rätt medicin vid rätt tidpunkt. En teknisk lösning kan vara ett inbyggt systemsom påminner patienten, sparar missade doseringar och kan därmed ge mer informationtill läkare som då kan göra mer välgrundade beslut för fortsatt vård.Resultaten visar att en dosettask kan användas för att påminna patienter att ta sinmedicin och skicka missad dosering med närfältskommunikation. Som mikrokontrolleranvändes en STM32 Nucleo, med en tillståndsmaskin som mjukvarulösning. I vidarestudier kan ett realtidsoperativsystem användas. Systemet programmerades medArduinos utvecklingsmiljö, men ett alternativ är IAR. Projektets prototyp kunde medde flesta modulerna uppnå specifikationens batteritid, utöver ljudmodulen som användes.För att komma fram till detta resultat skapades två teoretiska extremfall därprototypen testades.Dosettasken kan leda till minskat pillersvinn och en lägre kostnad då färre hembesökkrävs. Dessutom resulterar detta i ökad självständighet för patienten. Dessa faktorerleder till att dosettasken bidrar till en ökad hållbar utveckling. / Modern medication allows patients to be treated more efficiently if taken properly.When patients themselves are responsible for their medication, it can be wronglydosed or forgotten, which changes the conditions for its effects. Forgetfulness combinedwith impaired senses make it difficult for the patient to take care of his medication.The solution to this problem today is increased home care, where healthcare professionalshelp patients to take the right medication at the right time. A technical solutioncan be an embedded system that reminds the patient, saves missed dosages, and canprovide more information to doctors who can make more informed decisions for furthercare.The results show that a pill dispenser can be used to remind patients to take their medicationand send missed dosages with near field communication. As a microcontroller,a STM32 Nucleo was used, with a state machine as software solution. In further studies,a real-time operating system can be used. The system was programmed with Arduino'sdevelopment environment, but an alternative is IAR. The prototype of the projectcould achieve the specifications battery life with most modules, except to thesound module used. To achieve this result, two theoretical extremes were created inwhich the prototype was tested.The pill dispenser can lead to reduced waste of pills and a lower cost, as fewer homevisits are required. In addition, this results in increased independence for the patient.These factors cause the pill dispenser to contribute to increased sustainable development. Embedded system Pill dispenser Near Field Communication STM32 Nucleo State Machine Arduino IAR Sustainable Development Inbyggt system Dosettask Närfältskommunikation STM32 Nucleo Tillståndsmaskin Arduino IAR Hållbar utveckling Embedded Systems Inbäddad systemteknik
54	Terminal-occupation community patterns at Lyon's Bluff (22OK520) in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi:sedimentological, molluscan, artifactual, and geophysical evidence Bierly, S Marshall 03 May 2008 (has links) Prehistoric cultures are often studied by intrasite artifact variation and quantity without much consideration of how prehistoric populations interacted locally and regionally. Archaeologists can identify and study patterns associated with activities within a specified radius in order to gain an understanding of cultural operations. Identifying a social framework for a prehistoric society allows the investigation of group organization such as status differentiation, shared rituals, and the construction and maintenance of earthworks and living areas. That facilities were constructed for specialized use within a community is evidenced by the presence of earthworks and mounds at many sites (Lewis et al. 1998:16-17). Less well understood is how community patterns reflect social organization. The purpose of this thesis is to better document the number and distribution of structures at Lyon’s Bluff, a Mississippian to Protohistoric-period mound site in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi. The focus will be on the last part of the occupation at the site, i.e., on materials recovered from the plowzone. A method employing molluscan remains and sedimentological evidence is used that allows for the delineation of structure locales using plowzone samples. Additional evidence is provided by artifact distributions and geophysical (magnetic gradiometer) data. freshwater snails sphaeriidae pelecypodia pill clams sand floors house floors settlement archaeology seriation evolutionary theory site use habbitation Mississippian mound standard deviation daub temper plowzone plow disturbed river snails Surfer kriging contour isomap
55	Compliance measurement-guided medication management programs in hypertension : a systematic review Golubev, Sergey 12 1900 (has links) Objectif principal: Il n’est pas démontré que les interventions visant à maîtriser voire modérer la médicamentation de patients atteints d’hypertension peuvent améliorer leur gestion de la maladie. Cette revue systématique propose d’évaluer les programmes de gestion contrôlée de la médicamentation pour l’hypertension, en s’appuyant sur la mesure de l’observance des traitements par les patients (CMGM). Design: Revue systématique. Sources de données: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, résumés de conférences internationales sur l’hypertension et bibliographies des articles pertinents. Méthodes: Des essais contrôlés randomisés (ECR) et des études observationnelles (EO) ont été évalués par 2 réviseurs indépendants. L’évaluation de la qualité (de ce matériel) a été réalisée avec l’aide de l’outil de Cochrane de mesure du risque de biais, et a été estimée selon une échelle à quatre niveaux de qualité Une synthèse narrative des données a été effectuée en raison de l'hétérogénéité importante des études. Résultats: 13 études (8 ECR, 5 EO) de 2150 patients hypertendus ont été prises en compte. Parmi elles, 5 études de CMGM avec l’utilisation de dispositifs électroniques comme seule intervention ont relevé une diminution de la tension artérielle (TA), qui pourrait cependant être expliquée par les biais de mesure. L’amélioration à court terme de la TA sous CMGM dans les interventions complexes a été révélée dans 4 études à qualité faible ou modérée. Dans 4 autres études sur les soins intégrés de qualité supérieure, il n'a pas été possible de distinguer l'impact de la composante CMGM, celle-ci pouvant être compromise par des traitements médicamenteux. L’ensemble des études semble par ailleurs montrer qu’un feed-back régulier au médecin traitant peut être un élément essentiel d’efficacité des traitements CMGM, et peut être facilement assuré par une infirmière ou un pharmacien, grâce à des outils de communication appropriés. Conclusions: Aucune preuve convaincante de l'efficacité des traitements CMGM comme technologie de la santé n’a été établie en raison de designs non-optimaux des études identifiées et des ualités méthodologiques insatisfaisantes de celles-ci. Les recherches futures devraient : suivre les normes de qualité approuvées et les recommandations cliniques actuelles pour le traitement de l'hypertension, inclure des groupes spécifiques de patients avec des problèmes d’attachement aux traitements, et considérer les résultats cliniques et économiques de l'organisation de soins ainsi que les observations rapportées par les patients. / Objective: Whether interventions including measurement and correction of patients’ attitude to antihypertensive medication can improve hypertension management is unclear. The review aims to determine the effectiveness of patient compliance measurement-guided medication management (CMGM) programs in essential hypertension. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, hypertension meetings abstracts, and bibliographies of identified articles. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies (OS) were assessed by 2 reviewers independently. Quality assessment was performed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool and evaluated in a four-point continuum. A narrative data synthesis was performed due to significant heterogeneity among studies. Results: 13 studies (8 RCT, 5 OS) involving 2150 hypertensives were included. Five trials of CMGM with electronic devices as a sole intervention suggested decrease in blood pressure (BP) but the result may have been due to bias. Short-term BP improvement under CMGM in complex interventions was revealed in 4 studies of low-to-moderate quality. In 4 integrated care studies of higher quality the impact of CMGM component was not possible to distil and may be compromised by medication regimens. Regular feedback to the treating physician seems to be an essential component of CMGM and may be effectively mediated by a nurse or a pharmacist and via telecommunication. Conclusions: No convincing evidence for the effectiveness of CMGM as a health technology was found due to non-optimal study designs and methodological quality. Future research should follow accepted quality standards and current guidelines for the treatment of hypertension, include specific groups of patients with compliance problems and consider clinical, economic, patient-reported and organizational outcomes. Hypertension Médicaments antihypertensifs Surveillance électronique Nombre de comprimés Revue systématique Évaluation des soins intégrés Hypertension Antihypertensive medication Patient compliance Patient adherence Medication adherence Electronic monitoring Pill count Systematic review Health technology assessment Integrated care
56	Compliance measurement-guided medication management programs in hypertension : a systematic review Golubev, Sergey 12 1900 (has links) Objectif principal: Il n’est pas démontré que les interventions visant à maîtriser voire modérer la médicamentation de patients atteints d’hypertension peuvent améliorer leur gestion de la maladie. Cette revue systématique propose d’évaluer les programmes de gestion contrôlée de la médicamentation pour l’hypertension, en s’appuyant sur la mesure de l’observance des traitements par les patients (CMGM). Design: Revue systématique. Sources de données: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, résumés de conférences internationales sur l’hypertension et bibliographies des articles pertinents. Méthodes: Des essais contrôlés randomisés (ECR) et des études observationnelles (EO) ont été évalués par 2 réviseurs indépendants. L’évaluation de la qualité (de ce matériel) a été réalisée avec l’aide de l’outil de Cochrane de mesure du risque de biais, et a été estimée selon une échelle à quatre niveaux de qualité Une synthèse narrative des données a été effectuée en raison de l'hétérogénéité importante des études. Résultats: 13 études (8 ECR, 5 EO) de 2150 patients hypertendus ont été prises en compte. Parmi elles, 5 études de CMGM avec l’utilisation de dispositifs électroniques comme seule intervention ont relevé une diminution de la tension artérielle (TA), qui pourrait cependant être expliquée par les biais de mesure. L’amélioration à court terme de la TA sous CMGM dans les interventions complexes a été révélée dans 4 études à qualité faible ou modérée. Dans 4 autres études sur les soins intégrés de qualité supérieure, il n'a pas été possible de distinguer l'impact de la composante CMGM, celle-ci pouvant être compromise par des traitements médicamenteux. L’ensemble des études semble par ailleurs montrer qu’un feed-back régulier au médecin traitant peut être un élément essentiel d’efficacité des traitements CMGM, et peut être facilement assuré par une infirmière ou un pharmacien, grâce à des outils de communication appropriés. Conclusions: Aucune preuve convaincante de l'efficacité des traitements CMGM comme technologie de la santé n’a été établie en raison de designs non-optimaux des études identifiées et des ualités méthodologiques insatisfaisantes de celles-ci. Les recherches futures devraient : suivre les normes de qualité approuvées et les recommandations cliniques actuelles pour le traitement de l'hypertension, inclure des groupes spécifiques de patients avec des problèmes d’attachement aux traitements, et considérer les résultats cliniques et économiques de l'organisation de soins ainsi que les observations rapportées par les patients. / Objective: Whether interventions including measurement and correction of patients’ attitude to antihypertensive medication can improve hypertension management is unclear. The review aims to determine the effectiveness of patient compliance measurement-guided medication management (CMGM) programs in essential hypertension. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, hypertension meetings abstracts, and bibliographies of identified articles. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and observational studies (OS) were assessed by 2 reviewers independently. Quality assessment was performed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool and evaluated in a four-point continuum. A narrative data synthesis was performed due to significant heterogeneity among studies. Results: 13 studies (8 RCT, 5 OS) involving 2150 hypertensives were included. Five trials of CMGM with electronic devices as a sole intervention suggested decrease in blood pressure (BP) but the result may have been due to bias. Short-term BP improvement under CMGM in complex interventions was revealed in 4 studies of low-to-moderate quality. In 4 integrated care studies of higher quality the impact of CMGM component was not possible to distil and may be compromised by medication regimens. Regular feedback to the treating physician seems to be an essential component of CMGM and may be effectively mediated by a nurse or a pharmacist and via telecommunication. Conclusions: No convincing evidence for the effectiveness of CMGM as a health technology was found due to non-optimal study designs and methodological quality. Future research should follow accepted quality standards and current guidelines for the treatment of hypertension, include specific groups of patients with compliance problems and consider clinical, economic, patient-reported and organizational outcomes. Hypertension Médicaments antihypertensifs Surveillance électronique Nombre de comprimés Revue systématique Évaluation des soins intégrés Hypertension Antihypertensive medication Patient compliance Patient adherence Medication adherence Electronic monitoring Pill count Systematic review Health technology assessment Integrated care
57	Επαγωγική ζεύξη ισχύος για ενεργά εμφυτεύσιμα ιατροτεχνολογικά προϊόντα / Inductively coupled power systems for active implantable medical devices Αθανασόπουλος, Παναγιώτης 19 April 2010 (has links) Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αναζητείται ένας αυτόματος τρόπος ελέγχου, του επιπέδου της εκπεμπόμενης ισχύος προς το εσωτερικό του ανθρωπίνου σώματος. Εκεί μέσα βρίσκεται κάποιο ενεργό ιατροτεχνολογικό εμφύτευμα. Αυτό το εμφύτευμα στην περίπτωση της εργασίας αυτής, ήταν μία κάψουλα που καταγράφει με φωτογραφίες το γαστρεντερικό σύστημα καθώς οι περισταλτικές κινήσεις του εντέρου προωθούν την κάψουλα προς την έξοδο. Οι φωτογραφίες μεταδίδονται προς καταγραφικό που βρίσκεται έξω από το σώμα με ασύρματο τρόπο. Όπως καταλαβαίνουμε η κάψουλα αυτή αλλά και οποιοδήποτε άλλο ενεργό ιατροτεχνολογικό εμφύτευμα έχει ενεργειακές ανάγκες για την απρόσκοπτη λειτουργία του. Αυτές οι ανάγκες καλύπτονται με ασύρματη μετάδοση ενέργειας. Οι καινοτομίες που υπάρχουν σ’ αυτήν την εργασία είναι οι εξής: 1. Όσον αφορά το εξωτερικό τροφοδοτικό χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένας αντιστροφέας συντονισμού κλάσης D 2. Το πιο καινοτόμο στοιχείο είναι η δημιουργία κλειστού βρόχου ελέγχου μεταξύ του εξωτερικού τροφοδοτικού και του εμφυτεύματος ώστε αυτό να λαμβάνει την ποσότητα της ενέργειας που χρειάζεται κάθε στιγμή. 3. Επίσης σημαντικό είναι ότι η μετάδοση πληροφορίας από το εμφύτευμα προς τα έξω δεν γίνεται με μία ξεχωριστή συχνότητα αλλά χρησιμοποιώντας αρχές παθητικής τηλεμετρίας. Η εργασία αυτή πέρα από την θεωρητική προσέγγιση υλοποιήθηκε και πρακτικά σε εργαστήρια του πανεπιστημίου KUL (ESAT MICAS) στο Βέλγιο. Ο Βρόγχος ελέγχου λειτούργησε και πολλά συμπεράσματα εξάχθηκαν για περεταίρω βελτιώσεις. Η δομή του παρόντος πονήματος είναι ως εξής: Μετά την αρχική εισαγωγή το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο μας δίνει ένα θεωρητικό υπόβαθρο για την ασύρματη μετάδοση ενέργειας. Στη συνέχεια τα διάφορα μέρη των ηλεκτρονικών κυκλωμάτων που αναπτύχθηκαν αναλύονται διεξοδικά στα επόμενα κεφάλαια. Τέλος καταγράφονται τα συμπεράσματα και προτείνονται πιθανές βελτιώσεις για το μέλλον. / In this diploma thesis a way to have an automated control of the transmitted power level into the human body is sought. Inside the body there is an active medical implant. This implant in the case of this project is a swallowable capsule-camera that captures images along the GI tract as the peristaltic propulusion of the bowel push the capsule towards the exit. The photos are transmitted wirelessly to a special recording device that is located out of the body. It is obvious that not only this capsule but any other active medical implant needs energy to operate uninterrupted. This necessary energy is given through inductive power transmission. Innovations in this project are these: 1. The power supply outside the body is realized with Class-D resonant inverter topology. 2. The most innovative is the effectuation of closed control loop between the outer power supply and the implant in order to be received from the implant the exact amount of power that is needed every instant. 3. Also significant is that the transmission of data from the implant to the controlled power supply is not be done with a different carrier but using passive telemetry principles. Beyond the theoretic approximation that was made for this project, it was also realized in KUL university laboratories (ESAT MICAS) in Belgium. The closed control loop functioned properly and conclusions for further development are inferred. The structure of this diploma thesis is as follows: After the starting introduction the theoretic background for wireless inductive power transmission is given in chapter 2. Following, the different parts of the electronic circuits that were developed are analyzed comprehensively in next chapters. Finally conclusions are registered and future improvements are proposed. Επαγωγική ζεύξη Ενεργά εμφυτεύματα Κάμερα κάψουλα Παθητική τηλεμετρία Χάπι κάμερα Αντιστροφέας κλάσης D 621.381 Inductive power transmission Wireless capsule endoscopy Passive telemetry Active implants Class D resonant inverter WCE Wireless control loop PFM Swallowable camera ESAT MICAS Wireless power transmision Pill cam
58	Le droit français des OPA - un modèle pour le droit brésilien ? / The French law of takeover bids, a model for the brazilian law ? Mendia Twardowsky, Bianca 29 November 2017 (has links) L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser le système juridique français et brésilien concernant les stratégies de défense contre les offres publiques d'acquisition visant à prendre le contrôle des sociétés cotées en bourse. Les offres publiques d'acquisition font l'objet d'un vif débat, plus particulièrement lorsqu'elles présentent un caractère hostile pour la société cible. En France, de nombreux efforts législatifs ont été mis en œuvre en vue d'encadrer les OPA et de lutter contre les prises de contrôle rampantes. L'analyse du droit positif permet de mettre en lumière ces différents efforts ainsi que leur mise en œuvre à travers diverses techniques par les sociétés visées. Grâce à l'analyse juridique des stratégies anti-OPA en France, le système brésilien peut prendre connaissance de cette expérience et trouver la meilleure approche juridique pour les sociétés cotées ayant un capital flottant important. Au Brésil, la récente vague d'IPO a été possible grâce à la réforme dans la bourse BM&FBOVESPA. Dorénavant, la BM&FBOVESPA présente le scénario idéal pour prendre le contrôle des sociétés cotées. Ainsi, l'importance de ce thème est le résultat de la dispersion de l'actionnariat après la première vague d'introduction en bourse dans le marché de capitaux brésilien, et en France, elle se traduit par l'évolution dans environnement légal des défenses anti-OPA face à des pratiques qui ne cessent d'évoluer. / The objective of this thesis is to analyse the French experience and the Brazilian legal environment concerning the defense strategies against hostile corporate takeovers aimed at taking control over public companies. Through the analysis of the French legal system of the anti-takeover strategies, the Brazilian system will be able to acquire this experience and find the best legal approach for Brazilian public companies with dispersed ownership. The importance of this theme is the result of the ownership dispersion following the first IPOs in the current Brazilian securities exchange market, which provides the ideal scenario for taking control of these publicly-traded companies, as well as the changes and the evolution in the French legal environment. Prise de contrôle Offre publique d'acquisition Prise de contrôle hostile Offre obligatoire Offre amicale Sociétés cotées Stratégie de défense anti-OPA Sanctions Actions Société cible Raider Franchissement de seuils Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) Cvm Cade Bm&fbovespa Nivel 1 Nivel 2 Novo mercado Ipo Capital flottant Actionnaires Droits de vote Action de concert Salariés Conseil d'administration Comité d'entreprise Augmentation de capital Transparence Chevalier blanc Bons bretons Poison pill Gouvernement d'entreprise Takeover bid Hostile takeover bid Ownership dispersion Securities exchange commission Mandatory bid Listed companies Anti-takeover defenses Sanctions Shares Raider Target company Amf Cvm Cade Bm&fbovespa Nivel 1 Nivel 2 Novo mercado Initial public offering Free float Shareholders Voting rights Board of directors Transparency White knight Poison pills Corporate governance 346.44

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