Global ETD Search

1	Gender and Plastic Bag Pollution: Consumption, Globalization, and Environmental Justice in Mali Sylla Traore, Assitan 17 June 2014 (has links) This study focuses on women vendors' perspectives on plastic bag consumption in markets in Mali. It also investigates how women across the urban and rural divide are affected by plastic bag pollution and to what extent women in Mali are included in policy formulation addressing plastic bag issues. I interviewed thirty women vendors in three research sites: Bougouni, Koulikoro and Bamako. In addition, I interviewed five Mali Officials including the Prime Minister and the Minister of Environment. Plastic bags continue to be used widely in all African countries, including Mali. This has created increased environmental pollution as there is no recycling due to the lack of appropriate technology or political will. Reducing the use of plastic bags, and thus pollution, requires social and economic change that may be difficult to implement without involving one of the largest consumers of plastic bags, women, specifically those selling at the market. Environmental degradation Gender in Mali International Development Plastic bag pollution
2	A study of consumers' use of shopping bags at hypermarkets Chen, Chun-kai 17 September 2004 (has links) In order to cut down the overuse of plastic bags, the Taiwan government had implemented a restriction policy for the use of plastic shopping bags. Under this policy, hypermarkets, department stores, supermarkets and many other stores are prohibited from offering free plastic shopping bags. They can only sell them. Meanwhile, since their goods are cheap, various, and many hypermarkets have become a main shopping place and the kind of store where Taiwanese spend most of their money. This study was aimed to find out the variables affecting shoppers¡¦ bag-use behaviors¡Xwhich included bringing one¡¦s own bag and requesting bags from the salesperson¡Xat hypermarkets. A bag-use model was proposed for these variables. It included six variables and was based on Hines, Hungerford and Tomera¡¦s (1986) model of responsible environmental behavior and Cheng¡¦s (2004) integrated model of environmental behavior. The variables were environmental concern, environmental responsibility, attitude toward the behavior, self-efficacy, response efficacy and situational factors. Results showed that the bag-use model could predict both kinds of environmental behaviors (Nagelkerke R2 = .68, .60). Self-efficacy was the main variable that determined whether shoppers would bring their bags to shopping, whereas situational variables determined whether shoppers would request bags from the salesperson. Implications of these results and suggestions for the authorities were discussed. plastic bag self-efficacy situational variable attitude response efficacy Shopping bag
3	Investigating the use of plastic bags in Lagos, Nigeria Aligbe, Margaret Ojochide January 2021 (has links) Lagos State in Nigeria is faced with the massive problem of waste from plastic bags which causes the yearly flooding displacing thousands of residents and causes diseases like malaria. Plastic bags which became popular because of their versatility, affordability and durability have now become a major source of environmental degradation requiring the use of more environmentally friendly alternatives like Jute, woolen bags, and biodegradable types of plastic. The Nigerian legislature proposed a plastic bag prohibition bill to reduce the manufacture and use of plastic bags with fines and time behind bars which is Nigeria’s first attempt at managing the menace of single-use plastic bags. The goal of this study is to determine reasons for the continued use of plastic bags to contribute to better management of plastic bags waste. It further investigates the available alternatives and willingness of the residents of Lagos to embrace some alternatives to plastic bags. Anonymous online surveys were distributed across social media platforms and interviews involving shop owners described as “givers” who are off social media in this study was carried out. Responses from both quantitative and qualitative sources have been analyzed using the Nvivo software and connection circles have been developed to describe feedbacks within the system. Results showed that the lack of alternatives and convenience are the biggest reasons for the continued use of plastic bags in Lagos, Nigeria. The results further show that the proposed bill has not made provision of alternatives to plastic bags and incentives for manufacturers of plastic bags revealing poor public participation in policy-making of this nature. Overall, respondents have indicated a willingness to embrace alternatives to plastic bags and have mentioned that the situation is worsened by poor waste management in the state. Recommendations included more extensive research into the use of plastic bags with a bigger sample size with both online and offline platforms. This could encourage effective public participation in policy-making important for creating useful nudges in behavioural change in the shift from plastic bags. Sustainable Development plastic bags alternatives flooding plastic bag prohibition bill public participation Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap
4	The plastic bag ban in Kenya : A study on consumer perceptions and attitudes following the plastic bag ban in Nairobi, Kenya Luzze, Sauda January 2023 (has links) In 2017, Kenya's government banned plastic bags, to reduce plastic waste and protect the environment. Today Kenya has one of the strictest plastic bag bans in the world. This study examines the perception of the plastic bag ban by different income classes in Nairobi, as well as what factors influence people's support for the plastic bag ban in Nairobi. The result indicates that the majority of respondents expressed strong support for the plastic bag ban, citing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable practices. However, a small segment of the population remained skeptical about the effectiveness and feasibility of the ban. The opinions of respondents that the ban was not strict enough is an indicator that the government still needs to do more and work towards a better environment. Factors such as age and education level emerged as influential factors in shaping individuals' perceptions. However, the relationship was not enough to influence opinion on supporting the ban. Consumer behaviors and awareness about environmental factors were mainly significant in influencing the opinions of residents in supporting the ban. This suggests that people that have reduced their plastic bag usage and are environmentally conscious, are more likely to support the plastic bag ban. In conclusion, the findings from this study contribute to the public’s opinion on this strict plastic bag ban, in Kenya. The results emphasize the importance of promoting awareness and education to ensure the successful implementation and acceptance of the plastic bag ban. These findings can inform policymakers, environmental organizations, and other stakeholders in designing effective strategies to address plastic waste and promote sustainable practices. Plastic bag ban Kenya Nairobi behavioral change attitude perception. Economics Nationalekonomi
5	En minskad plastkonsumtion? - En studie om konsumenters attityder och förväntade respons på införandet av skatten på plastbärkassar i Sverige Segge, Sebastian, Rodjeil, Tina January 2020 (has links) Plastmaterial har sedan 1950-talet orsakat problem i naturen på grund av materialets slitstarka och svårnedbrytbara egenskaper. Dessa egenskaper är också en anledning till dess popularitet, och varje år tillförs ungefär 100 miljarder plastbärkassar bara till den europeiska marknaden. En stor del av dessa hamnar i hav och andra vattendrag där de påverkar biodiversiteten genom att plastpartiklar förtärs av marina varelser och sedan transporteras upp i näringskedjan. För att minska problemet med marin nedskräpning har Europeiska unionens medlemsstater i en gemensam ansträngning satt ett mål att till år 2025 reducera antalet plastbärkassar som förbrukas per person och år till 40 stycken. För att uppnå detta mål infördes den 1 maj i Sverige en skatt på plastbärkassar som för konsumenter innebär en prishöjning i butiker med 3 SEK per påse. Syftet med denna studie är att identifiera hur konsumenter kan förväntas svara på denna prishöjning, och vilka faktorer som förhindrar en möjlig beteendeförändring. För att få en bättre förståelse för detta intervjuades sju konsumenter från olika typer av hushåll, som ombads redogöra för sina konsumtionsrutiner och förväntade reaktion på införandet av skatten. Resultaten visade att majoriteten av informanterna trots en positiv attityd till införandet av skatten inte har för avsikt att minska den egna konsumtionen av plastbärkassar, och att den främsta anledningen till detta är de många funktioner som materialet möjliggör. / Plastic pollution has been a problem since the 1950s due to the material’s durable and persistant characteristics and slow degradability, and these characteristics are also the reason for the material’s popularity. An estimated 100 billion plastic bags are introduced to the european markets every year, with a significant amount of these ending up in oceans and other bodies of water. Plastic pollution harms biodiversity as marine species consume plastic particles which are then transported through the food chain. To counteract this problem, the European Union member states strive to limit the amount of plastic carrier bags being used to 40 per person and year, by 2025. As a means to achieve this goal, the Swedish government introduced a tax which increased the retail price of plastic carrier bags by 3 SEK as of May 1st 2020. This study aims to identify consumers intended response to this tax, and what factors might prevent a possible change of behaviour. To better understand this, seven interviews were carried out with consumers from different households, in which they were asked to share their shopping routines and expected response to the tax. The results showed that while the majority of the consumers expressed a positive attitude towards the tax, few had any intention of reducing their own consumption of the plastic carrier bag, primarily due to the many irreplacable functions provided by the material. Plastbärkasse Plastpåse Nedskräpning Ekonomiska styrmedel Skatter Attityder Beteendeförändring Plastic carrier bag Plastic bag Littering Economic instruments Taxes Attitudes Behaviour change Social Sciences Samhällsvetenskap
6	Rätt skatt på rätt plats? : En studie av hinder och drivkrafter för implementeringen av den svenska skatten på plastbärkassar / The right tax in the right place? : A study of barriers and drivers for the implementation of the Swedish tax on plastic carrier bags Sjulander, Jennifer January 2021 (has links) Skatten på engångsplastbärkassar som implementerades i Sverige år 2020 möttes med ideologiskt motstånd. Den forskning som gör gällande skatt på plastbärkassar finns främst i internationell kontext och är fokuserad på konsumenters beteenden och reaktioner. Denna studie gör gällande hur berörda verksamheter och organisationer resonerar kring skattens införande, samt dess resultat. Studien syftar också till att identifiera hinder och drivkrafter för implementeringen. För att undersöka förhållandet användes en explorativ ansats där intervjuer med en variation av berörda verksamheter utgjorde materialet för studien. Resultaten visar på att implementeringen mötts av missnöje av hälften av deltagarna på grund av skattens singulära syfte, samtidigt som den andra hälften anser att tillämpningsområdet var tillfredsställande. De hinder som identifierades var svårigheter att definiera engångs-, respektive flergångskassar, samt bristen på synkronisering eller kombination med andra styrmedel. De drivkrafter som identifierades relaterade till organiseringen och kommunikationen mellan de berörda verksamheterna, till trots förbättringsmöjligheter för dessa aspekter. En av slutsatserna är att styrmedel som detta bör nyttja både ett teknocentriskt perspektiv om plastbärkassens miljö-, och klimatpåverkan, samt ett socioekonomiskt perspektiv utgående från berörda verksamheter och organisationers behov. / The Swedish tax on plastic carrier bags that was implemented in 2020 was initially met with dissatisfaction from the public and stakeholders. Current research investigating the tax on plastic carrier bags was done in other countries and is focused on the reactions and behaviours of consumers. Thus, this study investigates stakeholders’ reasoning around the implementation of the tax as well as its results. Another aim is to identify obstacles and driving forces for the implementation. To do so, an explorative approach in combination with interviews of stakeholders were used. The results show that implementation was met with dissatisfaction by half of the participants in the study, owing to the singular aim of the tax. The other half of participants viewed the tax purpose as satisfactory. The obstacles that were identified was difficulties in distinguishing single-use from multi-use plastic carrier bags, as well as the lack of synchronization or combination with other measures. The driving forces that were identified related to the organization and communication between stakeholder, despite opportunities for improvement. One of the conclusions of the study was that policy measures like this tax should use a technocentric perspective on the environmental impact of the plastic carrier bag, in combination with a socioeconomic perspective on the needs of stakeholders. Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap
7	Subliminal priming : Manipulation till att välja en specifik kulör på plastpåse / Subliminal priming : Manipulation to choose a specific colour on a plastic bag Nordberg, Rickard January 2014 (has links) Primad information är lättare tillgängligt i minnet och kan således lättare bli igenkänt. Förutsättningar för priming är bland annat subliminal perception, mål, tillförlitlighet, icke vaksamt och icke vanemässigt. Studiens syfte är att få bredare förståelse gällande subliminal primings påverkan. Frågeställningen var om kunder i en affär kan manipuleras, primas, till att ta en specifik kulör på plastpåse vid kassan samt om det finns någon könsskillnad vid effekten av priming. Deltagarna var 490 kunder, varav 333 män. Två olika skyltar med olika kulörer placerades vid kassan. Det noterades om kunderna valde den primade kulören på plastpåse eller inte. Kontrollgruppen bestod av 117 personer och dessa fick inte se någon skylt. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad, deltagarna valde samma kulör på plastpåse som skylten. Inga könsskillnader påträffades. Forskning visar att primingeffekter kan motstridas genom att individen gör sig medveten av potentiell omedveten påverkan. / Primed information is more accessible in memory and can thus easily be recognized. Prerequisites for priming include subliminal perception, goals, reliability, non alert and non habitually. The study aims to gain broader understanding regarding subliminal primings influence. The purpose of this thesis was to see whether the customers in a store could be manipulated, primed, to take a specific colour on plastic bags at checkout and if there are any gender differences in the effect of priming. Participants were 490 customers, of whom 333 men. Two different signs with different colours were placed at the checkout. It was noted if customers chose the primed colour of the plastic bag or not. The results showed a significant difference, the participants chose the same colour on the plastic bag as the sign. No gender differences were found. Research shows that priming effects can be opposed if people make themselves aware of potential unconscious influences. priming subliminal elections bag color colour psychology nordberg Rickard mdh mälardalen Eskilstuna Västerås sps126 behavioral behavioral course hvv health care welfare essay c-essay advertisement gender decision making gender advertising perception marketing emotion technique Swedish law colors people individuals plastic bag popcorn Vicary manipulation specific business shop trend alcohol choice Choosing decision making behaviour priming subliminal val påse färg kulör psykologi nordberg rickard mdh mälardalen eskilstuna västerås sps126 beteendevetenskap beteendevetare kurs hvv hälsa vård välfärd uppsats c-uppsats colour advertisement gender decision making kön reklam perception marknadsföring emotion metod svensk lag färger människor individer plastpåse påse popcorn vicary manipulation specifik affär shop trend alkohol examen beteende

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