Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tnunes.pdf: 4794457 bytes, checksum: 0a22802202e6401d3a7796d574fc6779 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The National Water Management Policy was defined by Law 9.433/97 (Water Act), establishing the hydrographic basin as the management unity, independently of geographic limits and respective federal organisms. Nevertheless, water management entities and instruments are directly associated to different federal entities located within the same basin, and depend on them for being effective. The absence of law mechanisms that conciliate the various requisitions of federal organisms located in the same basin is a challenge still without brazilian law support. This study describes the integration process of information systems in Paraíba do Sul river basin. It also emphasizes integration restrictions of these systems, the cooperation level and the instruments used by the various actors and federal organisms in order to meet National Water Management Policy objectives. The management instrument Water Management Information System is presented as an important component that helps the stakeholders decision making process involved in water management, respecting federalism and the water domains defined in the brazilian constitution, and according to the policy established in the Water Act. In theoretical aspects, this work presents the basic concepts of National Water Management Policy institutional arrangement, considering the network aspects in public policy, the limits imposed by federalism and the way that the water domains is defined in the brazilian constitution and according to the brazilian Water Act. Besides, it identifies the most significant questions related with information systems implementation in public administration and water management. It also illustrates how cooperative federalism and information systems may create conditions that do guarantee the National Water Management Policy management instruments operationality within a hydrographic basin. The action research method was used to develop the research and the selected entity was the Fundação Superintendência Estadual de Rios e Lagoas (Serla). Serla was the water management entity in Rio de Janeiro state, at the research beginning. Others methods as bibliographic and documentary research were also used, aiming to describe the hydrographic basin, as well as the processes and systems concerned with the implementation of the National Water Management Policy in Paraíba do Sul basin. / A Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos definida na Lei 9.433/97 determina que a unidade de gestão seja a bacia hidrográfica, que independe da divisão geográfica e dos respectivos entes federativos. Entretanto, entidades e instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos estão diretamente subordinados aos entes federativos que se encontram em uma mesma bacia e dependem deles para sua efetivação. A falta de mecanismos definidos em lei que compatibilizem a diversidade de requisições dos entes federativos em uma mesma bacia hidrográfica é um desafio sem um caminho determinado. O estudo descreve como se deu o processo de integração dos sistemas de informação da bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul. Evidenciam-se limitações na integração dos sistemas, o nível de cooperação e os instrumentos utilizados entre os diversos atores e entes federativos para atingir os objetivos da PNRH. O instrumento de gestão Sistema de Informações de Recursos Hídricos apresenta-se como um componente importante para embasar a tomada de decisão pelos atores envolvidos na gestão de recursos hídricos, respeitando o federalismo e a dominialidade das águas da Constituição de 1988, e dentro da política estabelecida pela Lei das Águas. Nos aspectos teóricos são apresentados os conceitos que fundamentam a configuração do arranjo institucional da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, sob os aspectos de redes em política pública, dos limites impostos pelo federalismo e pela maneira como a dominialidade das águas é definida na constituição de 1988 e dentro do contexto da Lei 9.433/97. Além disso, identificam-se as questões principais que envolvem a implementação de sistemas de informação dentro da administração pública e na gestão de recursos hídricos. O trabalho exemplifica como o federalismo cooperativo e os sistemas de informação criam as condições que garantem a operacionalização dos instrumentos de gestão da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos dentro de uma bacia hidrográfica. Aplicou-se o método de pesquisa-ação e a organização selecionada foi a Fundação Superintendência Estadual de Rios e Lagoas, o órgão gestor de recursos hídricos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, no início da pesquisa. Outros métodos empregados incluem pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de forma a descrever a bacia e os processos e sistemas pertinentes à implementação da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos na bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul.

Abstract   D Level Essay in Political Science, Spring Semester 2010 by Sangrid von Zedtwitz-Liebenstein. Tutor: Malin Stegmann McCallion. “Democratic Accountability in Networks”   The aim of this study is to highlight the problem of the democratic deficit in the private-public partnerships in Sweden. This is a comparative case study with four ideal types. To enhance understanding of networking and public private partnerships, the paper has a descriptive approach where the aim is to put the working method of networks and partnerships into a wider context. The network's and partnership's social structural dependencies and the different actors involved, are discussed with reference to Multi Level Governance theory. The discussion in this study is based on the government's bill for economic growth and vitality throughout the country, En politik för tillväxt och livskraft i hela landet (Regeringen, 2001). The research question that the paper answers is: How does Västra Götaland County Council try to solve the problems with accountability in their private-public partnerships? To answer the question, the two theoretical approaches Network Evaluation Theory and Policy Network Analysis are used[Okänd för1] . The empirical material, on which the analysis is based, consist of  The Västra Götaland County Council's guidelines [Okänd för2] for evaluating private public partnerships, Modell för lärande uppföljning och utvärdering (Västra Götalandsregionen, 2009). The Government Bill and the Regulation of the regional growth policy in the country show that a MLG system is being developed in Sweden, and how Sweden through it becomes embedded in the larger MLG system of EU within[Okänd för3]  the policy area. The conclusion drawn from the study of Västra Götaland's guidelines is that the private public partnerships in Västra Götaland region Council are controlled with objectives and results these are continuously monitored for discrepancies and adjustments. The public-private partnerships often also have participation from the Västra Götaland Region Council.

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut sociologických studií, katedra veřejné a sociální politiky Bc. Richard Kokeš Policy-making in Czech Republic: case of higher education law novelization Abstract Praha 2014 Abstract The work Policy-making in Czech Republic: the case of higher education law novelization has its main aim in explaining final form of higher education norm novelization which was created in the period Petr Fiala was a minister of education, youth and sports in government of Petr Nečas (2012 - 2013). To answer research question this work chooses constructivist approach and qualitative methodology. The basic research unit is policy network, which consisted from creators of novelization. Those actors composed working group whose activities took almost half a year. Using theoretical approach of understanding policy-making through concept of "policy work", this work explains final form of novelization through working activities which concrete actors did in monitored period. The main understandings this paper presents are substantive causes of final form of novelization like mid to long term concrete personal involvement in policy making in higher education, engagement of concrete actors for work in working group, setting of information exchange system between engaged actors and...

公共政策是藉由重大公共議題的討論來分析政府活動的一種研究途徑，將公共政策的過程切割成議題設定、政策規劃、政策合法化、政策執行、政策評估及政策終結等階段，雖可以獲致清晰的流程架構，但此一單向的線性思考方式，不但簡化了政策問題解決的複雜性，亦會喪失政策過程的動態本質。再者，公共政策的研究領域日益蓬勃壯大，研究途徑與方法亦漸趨多元發展，理論概念與分析架構的整合自然日趨重要，如此將有助於研究者將研究議題與經驗資料作最佳的組合。是以，本研究採取非線性的政策動態概念，對政策的演變作一有系統性的探索，在融合有關政策變遷的各種觀點後，提出「政策體系」的理論概念，建立「宏觀」的分析架構作為探索政策變遷現象的基礎。 政策體系乃是以政策過程為焦點，所有與政策性質相關的要素，都可視為政策體系的構成要素。首先，政策是在開放的體系中形成、維持、接續與終結，自環境中汲取養分同時受到環境的限制，由此觀之，外在環境因素是政策體系中不可忽略的一環。其次，討論政策體系自然不能遺漏政策本身的因素，政策乃為解決社會問題而生，沒有社會問題的存在，當然就不會有政策制定的需求，另一方面，政策本身的組構方式則是攸關問題的解決與否。再者，在民主體制中，任何的政策形成與改變都必須取得正當性的依據，只有問題的存在並不保證一定會被政府所處理，必須通過政治結構的考驗才可能有政策產出。最後，政策體系是一個互動的體系，政策參與者之間就政策方案的選擇所從事的各種行為與活動，都可能影響最後的政策產出。歸納言之，一個完整的政策體系至少應該包括幾個要素：外在環境的因素、政策本身的特性、結構性因素的作用及政策行動者的互動行為，這些要素的互動作用會導致政策的變遷。 最後，政策是政府選擇目標與工具來解決社會問題的重要活動，它不是在真空中運作，而是不斷與社會進行互動的連續性過程，這也是政策走進歷史之前會出現變遷的原因，本研究雖然提出具有規範意涵的分析政策變遷的理論架構，但是基於「真實個案是檢驗理論效度的最佳途徑」的法則，本研究以民進黨首次執政時期所推動的停建核四政策個案為例，利用文本中所建立的分析架構來詮釋此一政策變遷的過程，並在結論中整合理論與個案的研究發現，就政策體系的各個面向提出幾個有關政策變遷的假設性命題，以供後續研究之參考與檢證，進而促成政策變遷知識的深化。 / Public policy is a research approach to analyze governmental activities by discussing public issues. However, in most articles, the policy process is seen as a logical succession of steps: agenda setting, policy formulation, policy legitimation, policy implementation, policy evaluation, and policy termination. Although this progression of stages provides a clear and useful framework, it often obscures the complexities of public issues. In other words, most policies are not a process of linear development, from agenda setting to policy termination. Policy change is a common phenomenon. In this way, if we want to understand the dynamics of policy, it is helpful to take a nonlinear perspective. Policy change is used by a wide range of authors in public policy and other disciplines, but there is no consensus on what the definition of policy change is. In fact, this question has not been systematically explored until now. Policy change is not simply a label, but is an important part of the policy process. It is worth drawing more attention to this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to construct an analytical framework of policy change. Within this framework, we distinguish between different types of policy change: policy succession and policy termination, firstly. And we can find some cues from policy change, including organization, statutes, budget, personnel, and media. Secondly, we use the concept of policy system to connect with policy change. This concept contains several elements: external environment, policy attributes, institutional factor, and policy networks. These elements interact with each other to produce policy change. We use this framework to analyze policy discontinuity for the fourth nuclear power plant in 2000. Finally, policy is essentially about government. The major activity of government is seen as choosing goals and instruments to solve social problems. Policy does not exist in a vacuum; it is made in a concrete environment. We should see policy as a continuing process of social action and interaction. This is why policy may be changed before it is terminated. Finally, we provide some hypotheses and suggestions for further research at the end of this study.

本研究嘗試結合政策網絡與新制度論的分析，描述與解釋民主國家中弱勢團體在政策網絡的地位與影響。 透過對政策網絡的文獻檢閱，本研究提出結合政策網絡與新制度論的分析架構，將弱勢團體在政策網絡中的地位與影響分為正式網絡關係與非正式網絡關係，以及網絡形成與網絡互動兩部分以進行分析。 除基礎理論辯證外，本文以原住民參與能丹國家公園設置的規劃過程為個案，分析原住民團體在先天上不對等的資源與地位下，如何透過制度設計以及相關的社會建構，影響網絡中的互動過程以及政策產出。 在個案研究中，將分析與「設置能丹國家公園」相關的正式規則，包括憲法、原住民委員會、國家公園法，以及相關社會建構的非正式規則，如何對政策網絡的形成以及規劃過程造成影響。 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機 第二節 研究問題 第三節 研究目的 第四節 研究範圍 第二章 文獻檢閱 第一節 決策過程中弱勢團體地位的理論回顧 第二節 政策網絡理論(Policy Network Theory)的概念 第三節 政策網絡研究的發展 第四節 政策網絡與政策結果 第三章 建立政策網絡之決策模型 第一節 連結政策網絡與政策產出的分析架構 第二節 結合新制度論與政策網絡之理論辯證 第三節 政策網絡形成---正式與非正式網絡關係 第四節 政策網絡中政策過程 第四章 個案分析-以能丹國家公園設置問題為個案 第一節 研究設計 第二節 國家公園與原住民關係之文獻檢閱 第三節 能丹國家公園設置之政策網絡形成 第四節 能丹國家公園設置之政策網絡互動過程 第五章 結論 第一節 研究發現 第二節 研究建議 / The research attempt to describe and explain the position and influence of minority in policy network of democratic state by combined the Policy network theory and New institutionalism. The research bring the framework of linking the Policy network theory and New institutionalism to divide the position and influence of minority into formal network relations and informal relations, network shaping and network interaction. Except discussing the foundational theory, the research cites the aboriginal participated the formulation of Nen-Dan National Park for case study. To analysis how can aboriginal effected the policy output though they are the minority.

全台第一座都會型纜車「貓空纜車」於2007年7月4日正式營運，並在一年三個月創下617萬搭乘人次，成果輝煌；然而在2008年9月，因遭逢辛樂克與薔蜜颱風接連肆虐下，發生纜車T16塔柱邊坡崩塌事件進而停駛。當各界重新檢討這座興建順利的纜車背後隱藏了多少問題之際，本研究運用政策網絡分析，檢視貓空纜車政策形成過程，分別就參與者性質、行動者策略、權力關係與網絡整合性四大面向，就問題形成、政策規劃、政策合法化三個階段，逐段建構政策網絡、確立利害關係人，並探討興建過程中產生的問題。 研究發現，貓空纜車成案的關鍵並非專業評估使然，乃是為了實現馬英九市府的競選承諾。貓空纜車因為規劃過程中受到動物園的影響，導致纜車路線變更，鄰近棲霞山莊，並衍生後續噪音污染等爭議。貓空纜車在木柵觀光茶園社區發展協會及指南宮等民間團體的支持下，削弱了反對聲音；而主要的政策反對者棲霞山莊，則在當時問題意識不明確、預算順利通過等因素下，錯失反對時機。 / The first urban-type cable car in Taiwan “Maokong Gondola” had been inaugurated since 4th of July in 2007. It has successfully achieved 6.17 million hits in one year and three months. However, during September 2008, typhoon Sinlaku and Jangmi struck one after another and incurred serious mudslide erosion underneath pillar T16. The disaster had crippled the whole cable car system and had urged the public to re-examine the whole construction. This study utilizes policy network analysis to evaluate policy formation process regarding the construction of Maokong gondola in terms of four major factors: character of participants, actions’ strategies, power relationship and network integration. Demarcating the policy network while identifying the policy stakeholders and exploring issues arising from the construction process has been carried out in all three stages of the event: problem formation, policy formulation and policy legitimation. This study shows that the key to the approval of Maokong gondola program was not due to professional evaluation, but instead, it was for the political motivation of Ma’s administration to attain victory in campaign. Being affected by the location of Taipei city zoo in the stage of program formulating, the cable car system has been rerouted closer to Chi-shia village, causing noise pollution and other harassment. By strong support from Muzha tea park community development association and Zhinan temple, the opponent’s opinions were gradually suppressed. Due to uncertainty of problem-knowing and easy approval of budget, the main opponent Chi-shia village had finally missed the opportunity in stopping the program.

教育政策形成過程中的政治影響向來被視為重要的因素，但是是否重要成為主導力量卻甚少有系統性的研究。本研究使用多重個案的研究設計方式，一方面研究範圍擴大為兩類型（一般性質與統獨性質）五個案（教育基本法、教育經費保障、常態編班、開放大陸學歷、拼音政策）的重大教育政策，另一方面將五項個案運用共同一致的觀察指標（政策論述框架、自主性、動員性與聯盟性）以作為比較的基礎。以此兩項前提下，試圖實證整體教育政策研究上，政治因素對教育政策的涉入，提供較為系統性與完整的結論。 在一般的教育政策上，代表政治因素與考量的政治框架，則從沒在任何一項政策各案中成為運用最多的論述內容。但是在統獨性質的教育政策上，政策的產生的確深受政治因素為最多的考量。 在自主性上，一般性質的教育政策中利益團體的自主性相較於政黨與教育行政機關是相當高的，但是在統獨性質的教育政策上，利益團體的自主性卻不如政黨與行政機關。 在動員性方面，一般性質的教育政策，較常處於行政機關（特別是主管教育事物的中央教育部），被動地面臨單方或多方的利益團體的壓力，利益團體間也不見得總是全面合作，而是也存在著角力與對抗的過程。至於統獨性質的教育政策則是十足的反映出由於政治上各政黨對於統獨意見的分歧，使得統獨教育政策的結果主要是在政黨對抗的情況下產生。 綜合以上研究結果顯示，教育政策的互動過程的確因為政策性質的不同而有不一樣的互動型態。證實了相較於一般性質的教育政策，統獨性質的拼音政策與大陸學歷開放政策的形成過程，的確在各指標上都顯示有較高的政治決定因素。

Diploma thesis "Can Local Action Group play an important role, like partner at strategic planning, to countryside municipalities at Czech?" seeks answers to this question. The discussion about definition of countryside and its problems is described at the beginning of the thesis as actual and previous politics as well. Description of Czech constitution connected to countryside is mention next to it. After that, there is described the LEADER method and comparison between using this method at 5 different European countries. The tree of problem and actors analysis is provided later on. The short description of the theories using at thesis outputs is provided as well. The used theories are: bureaucracy theory, theory of social capital, theory of cultural determination, governance theory and policy network analysis. The describing of outputs from realized primary research is the main part of the thesis. There were carried out 17 structure talks in qualitative research and processed 509 questionnaires in quantitative research. The lot of tables and graphs are attached. Finally the 3 scenarios, like a suitable form for such a complex topic, were composed to describe answer at the primary question of this thesis in its context and complexity.

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