Orientador: Ricardo Abid Castillo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T12:04:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iozzi_FabiolaLana_M.pdf: 3910334 bytes, checksum: 3fa383241f2c0fd658f4072c67afb45b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A quebra do monopólio estatal em 1995 e a privatização propriamente dita poucos anos mais tarde, constituem os principais marcos do processo de reestruturação do sistema brasileiro de telecomunicações. Essa mudança na natureza dos agentes prestadores dos serviços de telecomunicações, antes estatais e agora privados, demandou a criação de instrumentos regulatórios que visam garantir a universalização e continuidade no que diz respeito ao serviço de telefonia fixa. A proposta de universalização tem como objetivo assegurar a oferta desse serviço básico para qualquer pessoa independentemente de sua localização ou condição sócio-econômica. Assim, as metas de universalização surgiram como uma espécie de garantia para a população frente ao processo de privatização do sistema de telecomunicações brasileiro. ssa proposta, porém, é baseada somente na expansão do número de linhas telefônicas instaladas o que não significa dizer que essas linhas estejam realmente sendo utilizadas. O uso desse serviço é condicionado ao pagamento de altas tarifas, o que impede o acesso de parcela da população, que não possui potencial econômico suficiente para arcar com tais custos. O Estado concede o oferecimento de um serviço básico para agentes privados e se exime do planejamento de um segmento estratégico. Se o Estado deve ter o comprometimento com a totalidade do território, os agentes privados comprometem-se apenas com a busca pelo lucro, o que em um país que revela tantas desigualdades torna-se um dado perverso. Desse modo, procuramos, neste trabalho, desvendar essa contradição a partir da análise do território brasileiro, pois este revela as conseqüências das ações políticas e a coerência com a realidade na qual estas se dão. Essa discussão se fará por meio da análise das transformações técnicas e normativas em curso no sistema de telecomunicações brasileiro, na busca de contribuir para a identificação dos rumos da universalização proposta para o serviço de telefonia fixa no Brasil / Abstract: The break in the State monopoly in 1995 and a few years later, the privatization properly said, constitute the main bases of the process of restructure of the Brazilian telecommunication system. This change in the nature of the telecommunication services render agents, in the past, being from the State and now private, demanded the creation of regulatory instruments that aim to warranty the universalization and continuity in what concerns to the fixed telephone system service. The proposal of universalization has as an aim to ensure the offer of this basic service for every person independently from his or her localization or social-economic condition. Thus, the goals of universalization came up as a kind of guarantee for the population front to the process of privatization of the Brazilian telecommunication system. However, this proposal is based only in the expansion of the number of installed telephone lines, what doesn¿t mean that those lines are really being used. The use of this service depends on the payment of high tariffs, which impedes the access of part of the population that doesn¿t have enough economic potential to afford such costs. The State concedes the offering of a basic service for private agents and releases itself from the planning of a strategic segment. If the State must have the commitment to the totality of the territory, the private agents commit themselves only to the seek for the profit, which in a country that reveals so much inequality, it turns into a wicked date. In this way, we tempt, in this work, to unmask this contradiction, from the analysis of the Brazilian territory, because this reveals the consequences of the political actions and the coherence to the reality in which they occur. This discussion will be achieved through the analysis of the technical and normative transformations occurring in the Brazilian telecommunication system, in the search for the contribution to the identification of the ways the proposed universalization for the fixed telephone system service in Brazil / Mestrado / Mestre em Geografia

Le comportement électoral dans les communautés mixtes (Résumé)<p><p>Andreea ZAMFIRA<p><p><p>\ / Doctorat en sciences politiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Les bases aériennes sont des éléments incontournables de la puissance aérienne car sans infrastructures dédiées, l’aviation militaire est inopérante. La répartition géographique des bases aériennes répond à des stratégies politiques, militaires mais également économiques. Elles en sont les traductions spatiales. De fait, organisées en réseaux, les bases aériennes concourent à définir la géostratégie aérienne. L’analyse spatiale et historique du réseau des bases aériennes françaises depuis le début du XXe siècle démontre la place prégnante de ce maillage dans la stratégie française et constitue le reflet de la perception de la France de son espace environnant. D’abord, le réseau illustre, dans la stratégie territoriale française, la prééminence d’une posture défensive du sanctuaire métropolitain, à l’origine d’une « France différenciée » dont le découpage territorial s’effectue selon la répartition des types de bases aériennes. Ensuite, le réseau des bases aériennes extra-métropolitaines, à la différence de sa consœur métropolitaine, n’est pas seulement régi par une stratégie de défense. Dans un premier temps, dans le cadre de sa politique coloniale, la France utilise son réseau comme instrument d’exploration, de contrôle et conservation de territoires ; puis, dans le cadre de sa politique étrangère, elle s’en sert comme d’un moyen de préservation de ses intérêts vitaux dans les pays étrangers et les territoires français d’outre-mer. / Air bases are inescapable elements of air power because without dedicated infrastructures, military aviation is ineffective. The geographical distribution of air bases answers political, military but also economic strategies. Air bases are the spatial translation of these strategies. In fact, air bases organized in networks contribute to define the air geostrategy. The spatial and historical analysis of the French air bases network since the beginning of the XXth century demonstrates the prominence of this web in the French strategy and reflects the French perception of its surrounding space. First the network illustrates the superiority of a defensive posture of the metropolitan sanctuary in the French territorial strategy, at the origin of a “differentiated France” sub-divided according to the distribution of various air base types. Then, the overseas air bases network, unlike its metropolitan counterpart, is not governed solely by a defense strategy. Within the colonial policy framework, France uses its network as instrument of exploration, control and preservation of territories. In addition, within the foreign policy framework, France uses it as of a means of conservation of its vital interests in foreign countries and French overseas territories.

Text in Afrikaans / In this study the relationship between political decision making, spatial change and provision of selected municipal services was investigated. Legislation and policy, spatial demarcation and local government structures are determined by political decision making on various government levels. The international system as well as the local history and factors leading to spatial change impact on municipal demarcation and service delivery. Demographic change due to re-delimitation of boundaries, densification within the area of jurisdiction and immigration imply that service requirements change. In 1994/5, the rural and residential areas were incorporated to the former Verwoerdburg and formed the Southern Pretoria Metropolitan Substructure (Centurion). In December 2000 Centurion lost its autonomous status and was incorporated as administrative unit into the larger Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. Restructuring have implications for the political representation of communities, the spatial extension of service networks, priority areas, and the location of service provision points. / In hierdie studie is die verband tussen politieke besluitneming, ruimtelike verandering en die lewering van geselekteerde munisipale dienste ondersoek. Wetgewing en beleid, ruimtelike afbakening en plaaslikeowerheidstrukture word deur politieke besluitneming op verskillende regeringsvlakke bepaal. Die internasionale sisteem, asook plaaslike historiese gebeure en aanleidende faktore tot ruimtelike verandering het 'n impak op beide munisipale afbakening en dienslewering. Demografiese verandering as gevolg van die herbepaling van grense, verdigting binne die regsgebied en immigrasie impliseer dat diensbehoeftes verander. Landelike en residensiele gebiede is in 1994/5 by die voormalige Verwoerdburg geinkorporeer om die Suidelike Pretoria Metropolitaanse Substruktuur (Centurion) te vorm. In Desember 2000 het die Stadsraad van Centurion sy outonome status verloor en is as administratiewe eenheid by die groter Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit geinkorporeer. Herstrukturering het implikasies vir die politieke verteenwoordiging wat gemeenskappe geniet, die ruimtelike uitbreiding van diensnetwerke, prioriteitsgebiede en die plasing van dienstevoorsieningspunte. / Geography / M.A. (Geografie)

Text in Afrikaans / In this study the relationship between political decision making, spatial change and provision of selected municipal services was investigated. Legislation and policy, spatial demarcation and local government structures are determined by political decision making on various government levels. The international system as well as the local history and factors leading to spatial change impact on municipal demarcation and service delivery. Demographic change due to re-delimitation of boundaries, densification within the area of jurisdiction and immigration imply that service requirements change. In 1994/5, the rural and residential areas were incorporated to the former Verwoerdburg and formed the Southern Pretoria Metropolitan Substructure (Centurion). In December 2000 Centurion lost its autonomous status and was incorporated as administrative unit into the larger Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. Restructuring have implications for the political representation of communities, the spatial extension of service networks, priority areas, and the location of service provision points. / In hierdie studie is die verband tussen politieke besluitneming, ruimtelike verandering en die lewering van geselekteerde munisipale dienste ondersoek. Wetgewing en beleid, ruimtelike afbakening en plaaslikeowerheidstrukture word deur politieke besluitneming op verskillende regeringsvlakke bepaal. Die internasionale sisteem, asook plaaslike historiese gebeure en aanleidende faktore tot ruimtelike verandering het 'n impak op beide munisipale afbakening en dienslewering. Demografiese verandering as gevolg van die herbepaling van grense, verdigting binne die regsgebied en immigrasie impliseer dat diensbehoeftes verander. Landelike en residensiele gebiede is in 1994/5 by die voormalige Verwoerdburg geinkorporeer om die Suidelike Pretoria Metropolitaanse Substruktuur (Centurion) te vorm. In Desember 2000 het die Stadsraad van Centurion sy outonome status verloor en is as administratiewe eenheid by die groter Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit geinkorporeer. Herstrukturering het implikasies vir die politieke verteenwoordiging wat gemeenskappe geniet, die ruimtelike uitbreiding van diensnetwerke, prioriteitsgebiede en die plasing van dienstevoorsieningspunte. / Geography / M.A. (Geografie)

Le présent mémoire se penche sur la diminution des espaces ouverts en Israël, un problème environnemental considéré comme l’un des plus importants par les organisations environnementales de ce pays. La situation est particulièrement préoccupante depuis le début des années 1990 alors que la superficie occupée par ces espaces s’est réduite significativement. Les craintes liées à cette évolution se sont traduites par l’implantation de plans nationaux d’aménagement visant expressément à concentrer le développement futur du pays au sein des quatre principales régions métropolitaines (Tel-Aviv, Jérusalem, Haïfa, Beer-Sheva) de manière à préserver de façon optimale les espaces ouverts restants. Plusieurs facteurs sont responsables de cette perte d’espaces ouverts. Ainsi, l’un des objectifs cet ouvrage consiste à identifier ces facteurs de même qu’à analyser dans quelle mesure ils ont influé. Par ailleurs, ce mémoire fait le point sur l’évolution de la superficie des espaces ouverts au fil des années. Finalement, le dernier chapitre aborde les enjeux actuels quant à la conservation des espaces ouverts israéliens et souligne quelques solutions proposées afin d’accroître leur protection pour le futur. Afin de dresser un portrait complet de la situation, la période étudiée s’étend de 1948, année de fondation de l’État d’Israël, à 2010. / This research examines the loss of open space in Israel, one of the most acute environmental problems facing this country, according to several Israeli environmental organizations. This situation is peculiarly ominous since the beginning of the 1990s while the area occupied by open space has decreased significantly. Fears linked to the proliferation of built area have led to the implementation of national outline plans (NOP 31, NOP 35) which aim specifically to concentrate future development into the main metropolitan regions (Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Haifa, Beersheba) to ensure that the remaining open spaces will be protected optimally. Several factors are responsible for the loss of open space in Israel. Thus, one of the research objectives is to identify and analyze how these factors have influenced the extent of open spaces. Furthermore, this research provides an update of the open spaces’ evolution over the years. Finally, the last chapter discusses the current issues regarding open space as well as some solutions to enhance its protection. In order to obtain a thorough picture of the situation, the temporal field of this study spans from 1948, founding year of the State of Israel, to 2010.

The thesis brings insight to the problem of geosocietal differentiation of the world and its interpretation in the schemes of (major) world regional structures. These schemes are matter of different presentation and representation and have utility in organization of both scientific and non-scientific practices. A more detailed analysis and discussion of academic approaches to global macroregionalization was provided, which was followed by an analysis of the views of so-called global actors. Assessed was also situation in Czech and Slovak education (geographical textbooks). Perceptions of regional schemes are represented by views of geography students. Struggles with objectification were related to several-variant-based consideration of internal homogeneity and external heterogeneity of macroregions. Also assessed were world economic flows, distribution of integrated power potential and its development (1950 - 2008). Conclusions bring synthesis of the findings, as well as an outline of possible future research topics.

Dans un contexte où l'importance croissante de la mondialisation des flux migratoires en provenance de la région caraïbéenne s'intensifie et se diversifie, une prise en compte plus détaillée de l'évolution des stratégies de migrants au sein des sociétés d'accueil et de leur impact socioéconomique et politique sur les sociétés de départ s'impose. Notre thèse déclinée en trois parties s'inscrit précisément dans une réflexion sur l'engagement associatif à distance du migrant-acteur haïtien et jamaïcain, dans un cadre institutionnel français pour l'un et britannique pour l'autre. Au cœur d'un dispositif qui lie responsables locaux du pays d'origine et élus de la société d'accueil mettant en interaction différentes formes d'intervention de l'État d'origine, comment donc ce dernier peut-il alors agir et avoir un rôle incitatif en favorisant la participation de cette communauté transnationale ou encore en coordonnant des actions des associations de migrants ? En quoi le cadre associatif transnational est-il favorable au développement dans le contexte haïtien / jamaïcain ? En considérant l'émergence puis l'évolution du tissu associatif haïtien en terre française, et celles du tissu associatif jamaïcain en terre britannique, nous avons voulu chercher à comprendre les motivations derrière l'engagement de porter des projets de développement dans le pays d'origine. Notre travail de terrain, ainsi que notre dispositif méthodologique dans une approche de terrain multi-situé, nous a permis de mieux saisir les mécanismes de solidarité collective et de mise en commun de ressources. Partant d'un fait observé, une dynamique associative, qui s'est amplifiée au lendemain du séisme en Haïti / In a context where the growing importance of the globalization of migratory flows from the Caribbean region is intensifying and diversifying, a detailed attention on the evolution of migrants' strategies within host societies as well as their socioeconomic and political impact on the origin societies is required. Our thesis in three parts inscribes itself in a reflection on long-distance associative engagement of the Haitian and Jamaican migrant-actor, in a French institutional framework as well as a British one. At the heart of a model between local officials of the country of origin and elected officials of the host society, how can it act in an incentive capacity to foster or to better coordinate the actions taken by migrants' associations? How can a transnational associative framework be beneficiary to the development in the Haitian/Jamaican context? In considering the emergence and evolution of the Haitian associative landscape (France) and Jamaican (the United Kingdom), we wanted to understand the motivations behind the long-distance commitment to bring about development projects in the country of origin. Our fieldwork as well as our methodological approach in a multi-sited terrain helped us better grasp some of the mechanisms of bounded solidarity and of shared resources.Starting from an observed fact, an associative dynamic, which grew significantly in the aftermath of the earthquake in Haiti in January 2010, our study highlights three key elements: the relevance of the sense of belonging of migrants associations, the paramount importance of the relationship between the origin State and the its citizens abroad, and the growing, diverse and complex evolution

Cette thèse vise à analyser les discours sur l’Iran dans les récits de voyageurs germanophones entre 1906 et 1941. Le corpus comprend trente récits de scientifiques et de leurs épouses, de commerçants, diplomates, écrivains. La perception de la nature, la vision du progrès technique, le jugement sur les religions et sur la condition féminine constituent les axes de l’analyse. Ce travail interroge les processus de circulation des savoirs présents dans ces récits et la spécificité du récit de voyage féminin. La thèse prend en compte l’influence des facteurs tenant à la culture d’origine des voyageurs et à leur critique des valeurs européennes. Si les discours de certains voyageurs témoignent de l’importance des liens avec la population iranienne et de la remise en question de la suprématie du progrès à l’européenne, d’autres, en particulier les récits féminins, renvoient l’image d’une société allemande patriarcale que les voyageuses aspirent à fuir. / This thesis aims at analyzing the discourses on Iran in the narratives of German-speaking travelers between 1906 and 194. The body of literature is made of thirty narratives written by scientists and their spouses, businessmen, diplomats and writers. The analysis is structured along the perception of nature, the vision of technical progress, and the judgements of religions and women’s conditions. This research questions the means of circulation of knowledge in these stories and the specificity of the female travel story.The thesis takes into account the influence rooted in the travelers’ cultural background and their criticism of European values. If some travelers’ narratives demonstrate the importance of interaction with the local population and challenge the supremacy of European-like progress, others, and especially the women’s narratives, offer the image of a German patriarchal society the travelers sought to escape.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luca Andreozzi Costa.pdf: 3215551 bytes, checksum: bb49903b8f4633f0501a92d7f5abc3b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-03 / This paper aims to demonstrate how, in a city like Vargem Grande Paulista, territory is formed and mediated by the coexistence of different forces fighting over economic, political and territorial power. Space is appropriated, and becomes territory - a political space par excellence because of these power relations in different scalar levels. Analyzing the expansion of the city of São Paulo, we focus on its influence in the formation of the are a of Grande São Paulo, of the city of Cotia, and especially of Vargem Grande Paulista, in order to highlight how those territories were and still are strongly linked. This is a research ln Political Geography, which will discuss the articulation and influence of local, national and Grande Paulista's land planning capitalism development, which homogenizes space / o presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo evidenciar, através da cidade de Vargem Grande Paulista, que os territórios são formados e mediados pela coexistência de diferentes forças em disputa por poder econômico, politico e territorial. É através das relações de poder, em seus diferentes níveis escalares, que o espaço é apropriado e passa para a condição de território, um espaço político por excelência. Percorremos a expansão da cidade de São Paulo, focando na sua influência na formação da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, da cidade de Cotia e principalmente de Vargem Grande Paulista, destacando assim como esses territórios estiveram e ainda estão fortemente interligados. Trata-se de um trabalho de Geografia Política, que discutirá a articulação e influência dos poderes local, nacional e global no ordenamento territorial de: Vargem Grande Paulista, vistas pelo viés do desenvolvimento do sistema capitalista global e da homogeneização dos espaços que ele carrega consigo