Le but de cette thèse est de comprendre les conditions d’adoption de la « loi Neuwirth » en décembre 1967 qui dépénalise le libre recours à des moyens de contraception. La modification d’un dispositif légal qui remonte à la loi 1920 renvoie à l’existence d’une relation de pouvoir dotée d’une forme historiquement datée, et partant, socialement construite, qu’il convient d’aborder comme telle pour expliquer sa transformation. Sa formation n’est en effet pas concevable avant la fin du XIXème siècle dans le cadre du processus de nationalisation et d’étatisation de la société. Dès lors, comprendre l’adoption de la « loi Neuwirth » suppose de rendre compte à la fois de la constitution des conduites procréatrices en objet légitimed’intervention étatique, de décrire relationnellement l’invention de la cause contraceptive dans les années 1950, et de saisir les rapports qui peuvent s’établir entre, d’une part, les individus et groupes mobilisés en faveur de cette dernière et, d’autre part, les gouvernants. Bref, saisir pleinement une relation de pouvoir et sa transformation exige de produire une analyse à parts égales des éléments qui la composent en les traitant comme des espaces en interdépendance. Ce travail socio-historique à la croisée de la sociologie des mobilisations, de la sociologie de l’Etat et la sociologie de l’action publique, se base sur l’exploitation de nombreux fonds d’archives, la construction et l’analyse de deux bases données et la réalisation d’entretiens. / The purpose of this thesis is to understand the conditions for the adoption of the "loi Neuwirth" in December 1967, which decriminalizes the free use of contraceptive methods. The modification of a legal system dating back to the 1920s refers to the existence of a power relationship endowed with a historically dated, and therefore socially constructed, form, whichmust be addressed as such to explain its transformation. Its formation was not conceivable until the end of the 19th century as part of the process of nationalization and nationalization of society. Therefore, understanding the adoption of the " loi Neuwirth " implies accounting for both the constitution of procreative behaviour as a legitimate object of State intervention,describing in relation to the invention of the contraceptive cause in the 1950s, and grasping the relationships that can be established between, on the one hand, individuals and groups mobilized in favour of the latter and, on the other hand, governments. In short, fully grasping a power relationship and its transformation requires producing an equal analysis of the elements that compose it by treating them as interdependent spaces. This socio-historical work, at the crossroads of the sociology of mobilizations, the sociology of the State and the sociology of public action, is based on the exploitation of numerous archive collections, the construction and analysis of two databases and the conduct of interviews.

Denna studie undersöker socialsekreterares upplevelser då språkbarriärer uppstår i kommunikationen mellan dem själva och vårdnadshavare som talar lite eller ingen svenska och är föremål för en barnavårdsutredning. Studien baseras på en tematisk analys av tio kvalitativa intervjuer med socialsekreterare som aktivt jobbar eller har jobbat med utredningsarbete. Analysen har gjorts utifrån tre teoretiska begrepp: objektet, ömsesidig förståelse och lingvistiskt kapital, som tillsammans skapar en djupare förståelse kring interaktioner och kommunikation. Resultaten påvisar olika utmaningar för socialsekreterare och vilka strategier de använder då de möter vårdnadshavare som talar lite eller ingen svenska. De utmaningar som socialsekreterarna upplever består bland annat av svårigheter i relationsskapandet, att det myndighetsspråk de använder i arbetet försvårar kommunikationen, samt det faktum att utredningsprocessen ofta är tolkad. Det påvisas också att socialsekreterarna har flera strategier som de använder sig av i sin kommunikation för att uppnå ömsesidig förståelse mellan de själva och vårdnadshavarna. De mest centrala strategierna är hur de anpassar språket, och hur de på ett medvetet sätt förhåller sig till vårdnadshavarens kulturella bakgrund. Resultatet belyser därutöver det förhållningssätt som socialsekreterare har för att jämna ut maktrelationen genom språket. Det konstateras även att utredningar som präglas av språkbarriärer upplevs som mer tidskrävande och att vårdnadshavare som talar lite eller ingen svenska inte har möjlighet att utredas på samma sätt som svensktalande vårdnadshavare. Trots att socialsekreterarna förefaller vara medvetna om dessa faktorer kan de inte alltid säkerställa att utredningen genomförs rättssäkert. Studien uppvisar att det både saknas forskning och kunskap inom området.

Depuis plus de cent ans, les Mossi du Burkina Faso évoluent avec les migrations de travail. Entre les travaux forcés de l’ère coloniale et les flux migratoires actuels, la migration est devenue une institution centrale chez les Mossi. Elle s’est imposée comme une solution aux bouleversements engendrés par de l’économie de marché, la dégradation de leur environnement et les tensions internes. Il s’est développé un système normatif qui soutient et qui perpétue ces comportements migratoires. Cette intégration institutionnelle a cependant engendré un affaiblissement de la gérontocratie et du patriarcat ce qui a déséquilibré l’organisation sociale « traditionnelle ». À partir de la méthode de l’anthropologie du changement social, ce mémoire propose une étude locale et diachronique des transformations générées par le processus migratoire. Il explique comment la migration s’est institutionnalisée, quelles sont les conséquences sur les rapports de pouvoir et quels sont les innovations, les résistances et les métissages qui en découlent. Ainsi, les migrations de travail devaient être une réponse à la crise socioéconomique vécue par les Mossi, mais par son institutionnalisation, elles sont également apparues être l’une des principales causes de cette crise. / For the past hundred years, the Mossi of Burkina Faso have evolved with labor migration. Between the force labor of the colonial era and the current migratory currents, labor migration has become a veritable institution for the Mossi. It has imposed itself as the de-facto solution to the cultural disruption of a market economy, the degradation of their environment and their internal tensions. An entire system of norms has evolved from this phenomenon and continues to encourage and perpetuate this behavior. This integration into their lifestyle has had the side effect of diminishing the gerontocracy and patriarchal nature of their society, resulting in instability with their traditional social organization. Based on the anthropological method of social change, this dissertation proposes a local and diachronic study of the transformations caused by the labor migration process. It explains how the migration has institutionalized itself, what the consequences are on the power structure and what innovations; resistances and cultural mediations have been created. As such, the labor migrations that were intended to be the response to the Mossi society’s social and economic crisis have become, through its institutionalization, the prime cause of this very crisis.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how preschool teachers provide young children with the option to participate and influence in project work at preschool. To narrow the scope, we have focused on two main questions in this study. The first question is about how the preschool teachers approach the work with children's influence and participation in the project work. The other question is about how the power relationship between the preschool teachers and the children in the project work looks. This essay is based on an empirical study, and can be seen as an experience-based method in which information based on people’s thoughts, experience and knowledge is evaluated. To collect the data for this essay, we have interviewed four preschool teachers, and observed two preschool teachers in their work. In our essay we have used several theoretical frameworks, one is Vygotsky’s theories of learning, called the sociocultural perspective. This perspective can be explained as a theory on how learning takes place in a social interaction with other people. Another theory we refer to is Foucault's theory about power relationship, but we also make references to other different theories about preschool environment and theories about children's participation. The results in the essay show that all the four interviewed preschool teachers have a positive attitude, and work with different strategies to give opportunities for the children to influence and participate in the project work. As conclusion of the study, we can say that it is important for preschool teachers to have sensitivity when working with children’s participation and influence in project work, and always have children's interests and needs as a starting point.

O estudo das relações e práticas políticas no Legislativo Paulista, no período de 1890 a 1920, sobretudo no que se refere aos acordos e disputas entre os parlamentares das diferentes zonas econômicas e distritos eleitorais pelos recursos orçamentários, durante o processo anual de elaboração do orçamento estadual / This research is about the study of political relationships and practices in the Paulista Legislative, in between 1890 to 1920, specially on what it refers to the agreements and dispute among parliamentarians from different economic zones and election stations by the budget resources, during the annual process about the State budget planning

Depuis plus de cent ans, les Mossi du Burkina Faso évoluent avec les migrations de travail. Entre les travaux forcés de l’ère coloniale et les flux migratoires actuels, la migration est devenue une institution centrale chez les Mossi. Elle s’est imposée comme une solution aux bouleversements engendrés par de l’économie de marché, la dégradation de leur environnement et les tensions internes. Il s’est développé un système normatif qui soutient et qui perpétue ces comportements migratoires. Cette intégration institutionnelle a cependant engendré un affaiblissement de la gérontocratie et du patriarcat ce qui a déséquilibré l’organisation sociale « traditionnelle ». À partir de la méthode de l’anthropologie du changement social, ce mémoire propose une étude locale et diachronique des transformations générées par le processus migratoire. Il explique comment la migration s’est institutionnalisée, quelles sont les conséquences sur les rapports de pouvoir et quels sont les innovations, les résistances et les métissages qui en découlent. Ainsi, les migrations de travail devaient être une réponse à la crise socioéconomique vécue par les Mossi, mais par son institutionnalisation, elles sont également apparues être l’une des principales causes de cette crise. / For the past hundred years, the Mossi of Burkina Faso have evolved with labor migration. Between the force labor of the colonial era and the current migratory currents, labor migration has become a veritable institution for the Mossi. It has imposed itself as the de-facto solution to the cultural disruption of a market economy, the degradation of their environment and their internal tensions. An entire system of norms has evolved from this phenomenon and continues to encourage and perpetuate this behavior. This integration into their lifestyle has had the side effect of diminishing the gerontocracy and patriarchal nature of their society, resulting in instability with their traditional social organization. Based on the anthropological method of social change, this dissertation proposes a local and diachronic study of the transformations caused by the labor migration process. It explains how the migration has institutionalized itself, what the consequences are on the power structure and what innovations; resistances and cultural mediations have been created. As such, the labor migrations that were intended to be the response to the Mossi society’s social and economic crisis have become, through its institutionalization, the prime cause of this very crisis.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rotondo_mas_dr_rcla.pdf: 3310820 bytes, checksum: 7a7a9432349cb13d1d59bc1d0f6e6f7b (MD5) / O foco central deste trabalho é fazer um exercício de pensamento acerca de como são potencializados os processos de produção de subjetividade em uma escola que passa por alterações em seu projeto político-pedagógico. Para tanto, aproxima-se do pensamento da Filosofia da Diferença junto a Foucault e Deleuze. A produção de conhecimento que aqui se faz não está pautada na representação e, sim, numa política cognitiva inventiva que exige uma problematização tanto das macro como das micropolíticas do cotidiano da escola de pesquisa. A metodologia adotada, a cartografia, encontra-se em consonância com a Filosofia da Diferença e a política cognitiva assumida. O método da cartografia visa a acompanhar os processos indo pelo meio das coisas, onde elas crescem, no caso desta pesquisa, na intensidade da vida- escola. A política de narratividade assumida inspira-se em Deleuze e Guattari, quando trazem em O que é filosofia?, o abrigo, segundo Lawrence. A escrita, então, é uma caminhada no abrigo da vida-escola, que ora se mostra mais duro, ora mais poroso, na inesgotável relação de forças que são no homem com as forças de fora / The central focus of this work is to carry out an exercise in thinking as regards the way the processes of production of subjectivity are potentialised in a school which is undergoing alterations in its political-pedagogical project. To do this, it approaches the thought of the “Philosophy of the Difference” together with Foucault and Deleuze. The production of knowledge presented here is not based on representation but on an inventive cognitive policy that requires a problemization of not only the macro – but also the micro-politics of the daily routine of the research school. The methodology adopted, cartography, is consistent with the Philosophy of the Difference and the cognitive policy assumed. The method of cartography aims at following the processes by going through the heart of things, where they grow – in the case of this research, in the intensity of life-school. The narrative policy adopted is inspired in Deleuze and Guattari, when they provide in What is philosophy?, some shelter, according to Lawrence. Writing, then, is a walk in the shelter of life-school, which at one moment shows itself as harder, at other moments more porous, in the inexhaustible relationship of forces that are man with forces from outside

O estudo das relações e práticas políticas no Legislativo Paulista, no período de 1890 a 1920, sobretudo no que se refere aos acordos e disputas entre os parlamentares das diferentes zonas econômicas e distritos eleitorais pelos recursos orçamentários, durante o processo anual de elaboração do orçamento estadual / This research is about the study of political relationships and practices in the Paulista Legislative, in between 1890 to 1920, specially on what it refers to the agreements and dispute among parliamentarians from different economic zones and election stations by the budget resources, during the annual process about the State budget planning

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AUREO MAGNO GASPAR PINTO.pdf: 3915859 bytes, checksum: 95d4529d2f592b65b3e53960b90bad65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-02 / Well-grounded in communication advancement and as an increase of action of civil society in search of its goals, network structures have a tendency to increase their field of action. In particular, the reticulation of welfare and education fostering brings new perspective and challenges to the acting entities in the third sector, mainly in its social commitment, in its relationship with the government, and in the bonds among such entities. The current research is a case study where power relationships in a reticular structure of non-profitable organizations aimed at children and youth education are analyzed. Fifty and seven entities with two hundred and forty eight unities compose this network. The project attempts to evaluate to what extent the power concentration and the nucleation at a central actor can be a relevant factor to maintain the network s structural integrity. The Social Network Analysis, which is a diagnostic tool, was used as a methodology for the identification and understanding of the ties that binds such organizations. Scenarios are aligned to compare the mapped network in research and a hypothetical network without the agglutinated actor. Then, power concentration measures for each of the scenarios were computed and compared. The research was concluded identifying that the network was reasonably decentralized and had a low level of total power, but it had clusters which concentrate power and elements that may fragment the network as well as the evaluation of the importance of the central actor and the mensuration of the impacts of its exclusion in the other actors / Sedimentadas em avanços de comunicação e como uma ampliação da ação da sociedade civil na busca de seus objetivos, as estruturas em rede tendem a ampliar sua atuação. Em especial, a reticulação da promoção do bem-estar e da educação traz novas perspectivas e desafios às entidades atuantes no terceiro setor, em seu compromisso social, na relação com o estado e na ligação entre estas entidades. Esta pesquisa é um estudo de caso em que se analisam as relações de poder em uma estrutura reticular de organizações sem fins lucrativos voltadas à educação de crianças e jovens, composta por cinqüenta e sete entidades com duzentas e quarenta e oito unidades de atendimento, buscando avaliar até que ponto a concentração de poder e a nucleação em um núcleo gestor podem ser fatores para a manutenção da integridade estrutural da rede. Serviu-se da Análise de Redes Sociais, ferramenta diagnóstica usada como metodologia para a identificação e entendimento dos laços que unem estas organizações. Alinharam-se cenários que comparam a rede mapeada em pesquisa e uma rede hipotética sem o núcleo gestor, e a seguir foram mensuradas e comparadas as medidas de concentração de poder para cada um dos cenários. A pesquisa identificou que a rede se constitui de forma razoavelmente descentralizada e com baixo índice de poder total, mas contendo subgrupos que concentram poder e elementos que podem fragmentá-la. Além disso, mostra a avaliação da importância deste núcleo gestor e a mensuração dos impactos de sua exclusão nos demais atores

The purpose of this study has been to analyze whether the asymmetric power may increase or decrease between citizens and authorities, based on authorities choice of language and appeal. A qualitative approach has been used as a method, with a qualitative content analysis as a base and qualitative interviews as a complement. In order to collect the empirical material, a qualitative content analysis has been made on 20 different municipalities' websites, where the introduction of financial aid has been analyzed. The theoretical point of departure has been powerposition and Ervin Goffman’s view on stigma, shame and guilt. Research shows that authorities have the opportunity to take power and control of citizens already in the offer of support. The authority has the power to design the text and therefore also the power to decide and determine its limits. Based on the language selection found on the websites, recipients  are  included or excluded by the texts chosen language and appeal. The result shows that the chosen language and appeal on websites may risk to increase the asymmetric power relationship between authorities and citizens.