Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Petra Formánková Supervisor: PharmDr. Helena Marešová Title: Parents of the Pre-School Children and Vaccination III. Key words: vaccination, adverse effects, non-compulsory vaccines, immunization calendar Introduction: Vaccination has always been controversial and highly debated issue. There are its supporters, but also strict opponents. However, vaccination is still the most effective and most economical form of fight against various diseases. Vaccination annually saves several million lives. Aim: The main aim of my thesis is to evaluate the results obtained from the questionnaires and determine whether respondents' age or higher education have an impact on the belief in the legitimacy, safety and efficacy of vaccination. Then I watched the risk of adverse effects on the child's sex and the most frequent type of adverse reactions, which occurred after vaccination. The aim was also to determine whether children were vaccinated by non-compulsory vaccines, further as their parents knew about vaccination and what changes in vaccination they desired for their children. Methodology: The research was conducted by questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were distributed to parents of...

The modern world is focused on children. We care much more about the right regime of our children, about hygiene and other aspects of their daily routine. So it is not surprising that many scientists start their recent projects on or with children. Anthropology is not an exception. This study creates a smaller part of a larger sleep research study which aims to investigate whether two community based social marketing campaigns influence parents' view of pre-school children sleep requirements and healthy sleep practices. This work targets directly pre-school children and wants to determine if we are able to educate children about healthy and right sleeping habits through specifically performed game based activities. The main aim of this study is to find out which games are useful for enhancing the results of the supreme Medical Anthropology research. Secondary aim is to solve what we can generally do for a better engagement of children in our research.

Title Centers for Pre- school Children - Descriptions of the Intentions of the Municipality of the Capital City Prague 2009 - 2010 Author Petra Martinovská Department The Department on Primary Education of Charles University of Prague Supervisor doc. PhDr. Eva Opravilová CSc. Abstract The thesis deals with a new form of pre- school education. Centers for pre- school children (further only CPD) have started their operation in the year 2009 - 2010 on the initiative of the founder of Prague's Houses for Children and Youth (further only DDM) the Municipality of the Capital City Prague (MHMP). There is described the intention of MHMP in the thesis, the creation of CPD and the first school year of its existence, the perspective and other possibilities of its development in the future. In the theoretical part of the thesis there are formulated areas that create the basis of the description and evaluation of the project from the pre-school education point of view where is the main source Framework Program of Education for Pre-school Education (further RVP PV). Through the SWOT analysis from the possible implementer point of view there are formulated opportunities and strengths, possible risks, weaknesses of the intention of the project itself, or critical moments. The practical part of the thesis deals with the...

Det övergripande syftet med denna studie var att få fram förskollärares syn på högläsning i förskolan och hur förskollärare använder både spontan och planerad högläsning. Studien gjordes genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och deltagarna som intervjuades var fyra förskollärare som jobbade inom samma kommun. Resultatet visade att förskollärare som deltog i studien tyckte att högläsning är viktigt för språkutveckling liksom bokvalet. Resultatet visade även att användningen av planerad högläsning kunde kopplas till pågående projekt och läsvilan. Den spontana högläsningen användes mest som ett tillfälle att låta barnens inflytande gå igenom och även som ett tillfälle att läsa böcker på ett mer ingående sätt. Avslutningsvis visar studien att pedagoger kan se på högläsning som en viktig del i förskolans verksamhet och inte bara som en rutin. / The overall aim of this study was to obtain pre-school teachers' views on read-aloud in preschool and the preschool teachers use of both spontaneous and planned read-aloud situations. The study was done by qualitative semi-structured interviews and the participants interviewed were four preschool teachers who worked within the same city. The results showed that preschool teachers' views on reading aloud was that they thought reading aloud was important for language development and how they read a book and book choice was important. The results also showed that the use of planned reading aloud could be linked to ongoing projects and reading relaxation. The spontaneous reading aloud was mostly used as an opportunity to let the children´s will go through, but also as an opportunity to read books in a more detailed way. Finally, the study shows how teachers can see read-aloud as part of the preschool that is not just a routine, but an important part of the pre-school that is important for children’s development.

Children and pre-school teachers daily meet pictures in picture books, usually during planned reading sessions. The purpose of this study is to provide a picture of what strategies pre-school teachers have about the use of images in childrens literature to stimulate childrens language development. This study is a qualitative interview where I have chosen to focus on the pre-school teachers views on pictures and how they use them. This study shows that language development is a large area in which the picture is an important part. All pre-school teachers use the pictures to stimulate childrens language development. Three out of four pedagouges interviewed said that they deliberately discuss the pictures in the picture books with the children. / Bilder i barnböcker möter barn och pedagoger dagligen i förskolan, vanligen vid planerade lässtunder. Syftet med denna studie är att ge en bild av vilka strategier pedagogerna har kring användandet av bilderna i barnlitteraturen för att stimulera barns språkutveckling. Denna studie är en kvalitativ intervjustudie där jag har valt att fokusera på pedagogernas syn på bilder samt deras användande av bilderna. Denna studie visar att språkutveckling är ett stort område där bilden är en viktig del. Samtliga pedagoger använder sig av bilder för att stimulera barns språkutveckling. Tre av fyra intervjuade pedagoger svarade att de medvetet för diskussioner om bilderna i barnböckerna tillsammans med barnen.

L'égalité entre filles et garçons est aujourd'hui au cœur de nombre de textes et politiques éducatives, et les recherches montrent qu'il existe toujours des différences importantes entre filles et garçons à l'école (résultats, orientation…). Le genre scolaire, en tant que concept, doit servir à contribuer à la réflexion sur ces questions. L'étude porte sur cinq classes de maternelle. Une analyse des interactions verbales et des positions des enfants et des professeurs dans le champ discursif lors des rituels montre que le genre scolaire n'est pas une simple reproduction du genre à l'école. Cette analyse permet de définir le genre scolaire, en tant que construction, comme une différenciation sexuée des positions des filles et des garçons dans le champ interactif. C'est une construction de genre particulière, qui se réalise au sein de la culture scolaire, et aboutit à la distinction de catégories de sexe : les élèves-garçons et les élèves filles. Considérant à la fois la socialisation familiale des enfants, leur sexe, l'acculturation à la culture scolaire à laquelle ils sont soumis et leur positionnements au sein du champ interactif, la thèse ouvre une nouvelle piste pour l'appréhension du genre scolaire : il apparaîtrait comme un effet aveugle de l'acculturation qui, façonnant des habitus familiaux, viendrait renforcer, ou permettre l'émergence, d'habitus sexués. / Gender equality is a central issue in current memoranda and education policies, and studies shows that the gap still prévails between schoolboys and schoolgirls (in terms of results, orientation, etc.). School gender, as a concept, should help contribute to the discussions on the topic. The study involved children in five pre-school classes (école maternelle) ; it investigates their verbal interactions. Analysing these interactions as well as the positions of children and teachers in the conversational space, these research provides évidence that school gender involves more than merely reproducing gender differences at school. It allows the scholl gender - as a construction - to be defined as a gender-based difference in the position of schoolboys and schoolgirls in the conversational space. It is a specific gender construction, which is achieved within the school culture and leads to distinguishing the categories of male pupils and female pupils. As it examines the aspects of family socialisation, sex, school integration and position whithin the interactive space, the dissertation opens up a new path to be looked into : school gender appears as a result of school integration, which, as it shapes the family habitus, would reinforce or help generating gendered habitus.

The aim of this study is to explore if pre-school teachers view ACC as a component of the children’s literacy development. The questions of issue is what assumption the pre-school teachers does about the usage of ACC and how ACC can be used as a aid of communication. To answer my questions of issue I used semistructured interviews as my method, which means I had questions that I prepared in advantage with the chance to follow up on the answers I’d received. The results show that pre-school teachers finds that ACC is a good tool to use in pre- school, especially towards the younger children, the age of 1 to 3. Respondents don’t see or finds few disadvantages with ACC and uses ACC as a amplification to the verbal language. / Syftet med studien är att undersöka om pedagoger ser Tecken som Alternativ och Kompletterande Kommunikation (TAKK) som en del av barns litteracitetsutveckling med frågeställningarna vilket ställningstagande pedagogerna gör kring användningen av TAKK och på vilket sätt TAKK används som kommunikativt hjälpmedel. För att få svar på frågeställningarna använde jag mig av semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod, vilket betyder att jag har utgått från en intervjuguide med chans att ställa följdfrågor till respondenterna. I resultatet framgår att pedagogerna anser att TAKK är ett bra hjälpmedel att använda i förskolan, speciellt mot de yngre barnen, 1–3 år. Respondenterna ser få eller inga nackdelar med TAKK och använder sig av TAKK som en förstärkning till det verbala språket.

Licentiatavhandlingen riktar blicken mot planeringsarbete i förskolan. Syftet är att beskriva och analysera förskollärares autentiska planering av barns möten med matematik. Studiens teoretiska inramning utgörs av den reflektiva skoldidaktiska teorin som betonar, oavsett skolform, lärares ansvarstagande för undervisning. Med den reflektiva skoldidaktiska teorin beskrivs planeringsprocessen som betydelsefull för undervisning. Planeringsprocessen utgörs av tre pedagogiska aktiviteter: intention – handling – reflektion. I denna studie fokuseras det pedagogiska arbete som sker distanserat från handling vilket gör intention och reflektion till studiens centrala begrepp. Studiens empiriska material har producerats med hjälp av deltagande observation. Fältarbetet har genomförts i en förskola på deltid under två terminer läsåret 2012/13 i ett arbetslags återkommande och autentiska planeringssamtal. Resultatet visar att arbetslaget planerar barns möten med matematik genom att de tar sin utgångspunkt i reflektion över planerade och dokumenterade pedagogiska skeenden. Det finns därmed en koppling mellan intention och reflektion. Resultatet visar att arbetslaget har konstruerat en egen planeringsmodell. Förskollärarna utgår inte från explicit uttryckta målformuleringar som anger vad som ska läras utan resonemang om möjligt lärande kommer in som en del i deras samtal om aktiviteter. Resultatet visar även att arbetslagets planering skapar förutsättningar för möten med en mångfald av matematik. Dock visar resultatdiskussionen att det finns utrymme för att utveckla resonemang kring vilka sätt barn kan få göra övergångar från vardagliga matematiska representationsformer till mer abstrakta. Resultatet visar även att det finns ett behov av att utveckla ett matematikdidaktiskt yrkesspråk i förskolan. / Nyckelord: förskola, planering, didaktik, matematikundervisning  This Licentiate thesis focuses on planning in Swedish preschool. The aim is to describe and analyze pre-school teacher's authentic planning of children's meetings with mathematics. The theoretical framing of the study consists of the reflective school didactic theory emphasizing, regardless of school form, teachers' responsibility for teaching. With the reflective school didactic theory, the planning process is described as important for teaching. The planning process consists of three pedagogical activities: intention – action – reflection. This study focuses on the pedagogical work that takes place away from action, which makes intention and reflection to the central concept of the study. The empirical material of the study has been produced using participatory observation. Field work has been carried out in a preschool on part time for two semesters in the academic year 2012/13 in a regular and authentic planning conversation. The results show that the pre-school teachers do plan children's meetings with mathematics by taking their starting point in reflection on planned and documented pedagogical events. There is thus a link between intention and reflection. The result shows that the team has construct a planning model of their own. The planning is not based on explicit expressed goal formulations about what to learn. The reasoning of possible learning comes in as part of their conversations about activities. The result also shows that planning creates conditions for meetings with a multitude of mathematics. However, the results discussion shows that there is room to develop reasoning about the ways in which children can make transitions from everyday mathematical representations to more abstract. The result also shows that there is a need to develop a mathematics didactic language in preschool. Nyckelord: förskola, planering, didaktik, matematikundervisning  This Licentiate thesis focuses on planning in Swedish preschool. The aim is to describe and analyze pre-school teacher's authentic planning of children's meetings with mathematics. The theoretical framing of the study consists of the reflective school didactic theory emphasizing, regardless of school form, teachers' responsibility for teaching. With the reflective school didactic theory, the planning process is described as important for teaching. The planning process consists of three pedagogical activities: intention – action – reflection. This study focuses on the pedagogical work that takes place away from action, which makes intention and reflection to the central concept of the study. The empirical material of the study has been produced using participatory observation. Field work has been carried out in a preschool on part time for two semesters in the academic year 2012/13 in a regular and authentic planning conversation. The results show that the pre-school teachers do plan children's meetings with mathematics by taking their starting point in reflection on planned and documented pedagogical events. There is thus a link between intention and reflection. The result shows that the team has construct a planning model of their own. The planning is not based on explicit expressed goal formulations about what to learn. The reasoning of possible learning comes in as part of their conversations about activities. The result also shows that planning creates conditions for meetings with a multitude of mathematics. However, the results discussion shows that there is room to develop reasoning about the ways in which children can make transitions from everyday mathematical representations to more abstract. The result also shows that there is a need to develop a mathematics didactic language in preschool.

Summary: Title: Creation and verification of effectivness of our new ''Music-based physical educational (MBPE) programme for pre-school children" The main aim of this research is to create and validate a comprehensive interventional programme for preschool children. The programme is aimed at all- round personal development of the children. The research also intends to validate applicability of the programme in practice as it aims to establish the impact of the programme on rhytmical, motor, sensor-motor, musical and memory skills of preschool children. The research also aims to clearly define conditions under which the programme can be performed as it focuses on the support of a preschool child's natural kinetic, sensor-motor, musical and rhythmical competencies with the stress on personal health and hygiene. The results of this thesis are based on the author's self-produced resources and both qualitative and quantitative research results. The quantitative research used a test battery of musical-motor skills. The thesis consolidates results of our observations, observations by teachers and parents throughout the school year, interviews with children, expert analysis of videos, discussion with experts in pedagogy and child's psychology. The results ascertain that our music-based physical educational...

Ububele is a resource and training centre located in the greater Alexandra Township of Johannesburg. One of Ububele’s projects, the Ububele Persona Doll project, is a programme that is aimed at developing emotional literacy in pre-school children using a life-size handmade doll in a group setting. This research has sought to explore the use of the Ububele Persona Dolls. The sample consisted of eighteen Grade R children at the Ububele Therapeutic Nursery School and their teacher. They were video recorded during six regular Ububele Persona Doll sessions. The use of the dolls in developing emotional literacy in pre-school children, as well as their potential for use in group therapy was assessed in three different stages. Firstly, the presence of emotional material in the form of emotional adjectives was assessed. The teacher’s response patterns and level of empathy, as well as the effectiveness of the responses in terms of the goals of emotional literacy development were analysed. Lastly, the transcripts were examined for the presence of material, with regard to thematic content that could be used in group therapy. The presence of emotional adjectives suggested that there was useful emotional material present, although the material was mainly brought up by the teacher and the range of the material was limited. The teacher’s responses were most frequently informative, didactive or directive responses and questioning responses. However, she did make use of paraphrases and restatements, reflections and verbal encouragers to a lesser degree. With regards to the empathic levels of the responses, most of the responses involved exact replications of what was said by the child and no empathic responses requiring an understanding of human behaviour were given. The goals of emotional literacy training were all being achieved within the sessions. A number of themes, including physical discipline, abuse and neglect, broken or non-nuclear families, and death and dying, emerged. These themes could be concentrated on by a group facilitator.