Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to analyze how the social columnism serving elites of consecration instrument. It starts from the principle that social columnism is legitimate tool of social groups occupying strategic positions in society. Including the craft originates from positions of ratification demand of "great families" US traditional who lost power and prestige space for the new rich who emerged from the post Civil War. It is noted from the office of the emergence direct linkage between these two groups, the columnism establishing itself as one more tool in the consecration strategies of individuals concentrated in the social centers of power. To cope with the problem, the research was subdivided into three stages. The first aimed to highlight the consecration modes anchoring to the paths taken by certain individuals and groups, the strategies adopted (political coordination, the associations of power groups, political militancy, complimentary sessions congregation ceremonies, etc.) and social resources acquired during the socialization paths in different social spheres (family, school, college, professional, etc.), and bring to light the socio-historical and geographical circumstances that made it possible for such individuals and groups came to power spheres. The second phase aims to present social demands and socio-historical conditions that allowed the emergence of the craft of social columnist. It also exposes how the craft was noted as lucrative source for media companies, allowing the consolidation of the positions of gossip columnists and expanding their spaces in the newspapers. Besides showing attempts to establish the office of borders, demands by definition, for organization and control, to be seen as subarea of the journalism profession, rather interpreted craft and minimally recognized. The third set out to elucidate how the gossip columnists who make up the craft in Sergipe launch strategies, develop skills and accumulate social resources aimed at social consecration. So are explained the composition and characteristics of Sergipe gossip columnists are presented the routine work, the skills developed, the codes shared by working in the office, also they consume, how they build their numbered schedules, among other aspects. The main objective is to carry out the survey of biographical information (social origin, parents´ occupations, educational background, college and professional careers, travel, inserts in different spheres, marriage, tastes and lifestyles, etc.) in order to reveal how accumulate resources, launch strategies, develop skills for both self-consecration as the consecration of individuals and groups leaders. This part also contains an account of the observations noted in the field of daily counting to extract information to provide complete responses to the survey. The empirical universe considered consists of 6 active social columnists in newspapers Sergipe Mail, Journal of the City and Cinform. The research allowed to show that the columnists consecrated by developing certain skills, such interactional, creating strategies such as the marketing staff, mobilizing action repertoires, the lexicon adjective due to the creation of "good pictures", becoming important piece of gears and power structures. / Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar como o colunismo social serve de instrumento de consagração de elites. Parte-se do princípio de que o colunismo social é ferramenta legítima dos grupos sociais que ocupam postos estratégicos na sociedade. Inclusive o ofício origina da demanda de ratificação de posições das grandes famílias tradicionais norte-americanas que perdiam poder e espaço de prestígio para os novos ricos que emergiram do pós Guerra Civil. Nota-se desde o surgimento do ofício o atrelamento direto entre estes dois grupos, o colunismo constituindo-se como uma ferramenta a mais dentro das estratégias de consagração dos indivíduos concentrados nos núcleos sociais de poder. Para dar conta do problema, a pesquisa foi subdivida em três momentos. O primeiro teve por objetivo evidenciar os modos de consagração ancorando-se nos caminhos percorridos por determinados indivíduos e grupos, as estratégias adotadas (articulação política, associações a grupos de poder, militâncias política, sessões elogiosas, cerimônias de congregação, etc.) e os recursos sociais adquiridos durante os percursos de socialização nas diferentes esferas sociais (familiar, escolar, universitária, profissional, etc.), além de trazer a lume as circunstâncias sócio-históricas e geográficas que possibilitaram que tais indivíduos e grupos chegassem às esferas de poder. O segundo momento teve por finalidade apresentar as demandas sociais e condições sócio-históricas que permitiram o surgimento do ofício de colunista social. Expõe também como o ofício foi notado como fonte lucrativa pelas empresas de comunicação, permitindo a consolidação das posições dos colunistas sociais e ampliação seus espaços nos jornais. Além de mostrar as tentativas de estabelecimento das fronteiras do ofício, das demandas por definição, por organização e controle, por ser tido como subárea da profissão de jornalismo, um ofício pouco interpretado e minimamente reconhecido. O terceiro se propôs a elucidar como os colunistas sociais que compõem o ofício em Sergipe lançam estratégias, desenvolvem habilidades e acumulam recursos sociais objetivando a consagração social. Assim, são explicitadas a composição e as características dos colunistas sociais sergipanos, são apresentados a rotina de trabalhos, as habilidades desenvolvidas, os códigos compartilhados pelos atuantes no ofício, também o que consomem, como constroem suas agendas de contados, entre outros aspectos. O objetivo central é realizar o levantamento de informações biográficas (origem social, ocupações dos pais, percurso escolar, trajetórias universitária e profissional, viagens, inserções em distintas esferas, matrimônio, gostos e estilos de vida, entre outros) a fim de desvelar como acumulam recursos, lançam estratégias, desenvolvem habilidades tanto para a auto-consagração quanto a consagração dos indivíduos e grupos dirigentes. Esta parte ainda traz um relato das observações anotadas no diário de campo contando o que extraí de informações para fornecer respostas completas à pesquisa. O universo empírico considerado é composto por 6 colunistas sociais atuantes nos jornais Correio de Sergipe, Jornal da Cidade e Cinform. A pesquisa permitiu mostrar que os colunistas consagram através do desenvolvimento de certas habilidades, a exemplo interacional, da criação de estratégias, tais como a do marketing pessoal, da mobilização dos repertórios de ações, do léxico adjetivado em função da criação das boas imagens , constituindo-se peça importante das engrenagens e estruturas de poder.

Este trabalho trata das atitudes lingüísticas dos falantes em relação às variedades lingüísticas utilizadas nas duas comunidades pesquisadas. Quando são atribuídos valores aos falantes de uma língua ou variedade lingüística, em última análise, o que está sendo avaliado positiva ou negativamente é a própria língua ou variedade lingüística por eles empregada. Deste modo são observadas as atitudes lingüísticas de prestígio ou desprestígio - preconceito ou estigma - dos falantes nas ocorrências de português padrão, dialeto italiano e português com interferências do dialeto italiano. A análise é realizada a partir dos dados levantados nas pesquisas de campo, por amostragem, de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo e são apresentadas as conclusões advindas deste estudo. / This study refers to the speakers attitude toward linguistic variations used on both studied communities. When values are attributed to the speakers of a language or to linguistic variation, eventually, the language or linguistic variation used by them is being positive or negatively analyzed. Therefore, the speakers linguistic attitudes of prestige or disrepute - prejudice or stigma - are being observed in the occurrences of standard Portuguese, Italian dialect and Portuguese with interference of Italian dialect. The analysis is carried out based on the qualitative and quantitative field research data, through samples, and the conclusions to this study are presented.

This theses Brand product as a symbol of young participants is focused on the phenomenon of brands, which is interpreted through its relation to social status. In the theoretical part of the theses there are two contradictory views discussed (T. Veblen's and G. Lipovetsky's), which provide two different points of view concerning contemporary society and the relation between luxurious goods and social status. Through this discussion the thesis provides the characteritics of youth in the context of its developement during the 20th century. Another discussed topic are marketing techniques focusing on today's young generation. In the research part the author aims to find a connection between luxurious brands consumption and the concept of status among young adults studying Czech high schools. Results did not prove this connection to be very strong, and it seems therefore that Lipovetsky's point of view was the one closer to our analysis.

Orientador: Agueda Bernardete Bittencourt / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T07:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_GlauciaMoreiraMonassa_D.pdf: 3834492 bytes, checksum: b8fc8e8c3c57a06dbef91a2cd79aca62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O estudo analisa o processo de institucionalização do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, desde sua fundação, em 1948, até a década de 1980. Trabalha com a apreensão e a reflexão sobre as disposições e os mecanismos envolvidos na construção e na reprodução do prestígio do colégio no cenário educacional, destacando o sentido relacional que estrutura, no tempo e no espaço, as formas de poder e os tipos de capital, presentes no universo em questão. O trabalho está especialmente referenciado nas teorias de Pierre Bourdieu, Norbert Elias e na Sociologia das Instituições. Tem como principais fontes documentais o "Arquivo do Colégio de Aplicação" e o "Arquivo da Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia", do acervo do Programa de Estudos e Documentação Educação e Sociedade, da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. A análise empreendida revela que a distinção do colégio é construída pelo jogo de forças entre grupos de agentes, em redes de relações que conferem a identidade, a organização, as funções e o prestígio da instituição, em acordo com temporalidade e intencionalidade peculiares / Abstract: This study examines the process of institutionalisation of the "Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" (an university-affiliated school), since its foundation, in 1948, till the 1980's. It is focussed in the understanding and reflection about provisions and mechanisms used to the working out and the reproduction of prestige, in the educational setting, highlighting the relational meaning which gives structure, in time and place, to the forms of power relations and the kinds of capital prevailing in this context. The study draws mainly on Pierre Bourdieu¿s and Norbert Elias' ideas and on the Sociology of Institutions, and the main data sources were provided by documents from the archive of the "Colégio de Aplicação" and from the archive of the "Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia", both from the collections of the "Programa de Estudos e Documentação Educação e Sociedade" of the "Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" (the College of Education of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro). The data analysis suggested that the reputation of the school is built on a interplay of forces among different groups of agents, on networks of relations that give the identity, organization, the functions and the prestige of the institution, in accordance with temporality and peculiar intentionality / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutora em Educação

Le présent mémoire vise à étudier les pratiques, les enjeux et les modalités du don diplomatique animalier au XIIIe siècle, notamment sous le règne de Frédéric II, Henri III et Louis IX. Pour cela, on présente les concepts et les théories, sociologiques et anthropologiques, du don, particulièrement celles de Marcel Mauss. Ainsi outillé, on appréhende les particularités des cadeaux animaliers diplomatiques au XIIIe siècle. Ensuite, à l’aide d’une recherche sur les descriptions animalières des bestiaires et des encyclopédies médiévales, on montre la puissance symbolique et les particularités physiques et comportementales de la faune offerte. Enfin, à partir de la combinaison des deux premières parties, plusieurs modalités du don sont développées, parmi lesquelles les critères de choix et les préférences fauniques des rois, le contexte et les règles de la réalisation d’un présent et la circulation des animaux offerts. En outre, on souligne combien les bêtes et les oiseaux offerts ont eu une utilité. En effet, on voit que les rois ont mis en scène leurs animaux afin de s’approprier leur symbolique et d’exacerber leur prestige et leur grandeur, lors d’évènements spécifiques ou dans leurs ménageries. / The main purpose of this text is to study the practices, the issues and the modalities of the animal diplomatic gift in the 13th century, especially during the reign of Frederick II, Henry III and Louis IX. The analysis is based on the presentation of the sociological and anthropological conceptualizations of the gift, particularly those of Marcel Mauss. They are used to understand the peculiarities of the animal diplomatic gift in the 13th century. Then, a research on animal descriptions of medieval bestiaries and encyclopedias is conducted to show the symbolic power and the physical and behavioral characteristics of the offered wildlife. Finally, several modalities of the donation are developed, such as the selection criteria and the wildlife preferences of the kings, the context and rules of the elaboration of a present and the movement of given animals. In addition, it is shown how the beasts and birds had a real use for the kings. Indeed, they staged their animals in order to appropriate their symbolism and show off their prestige and their greatness, at events or in the menageries.

Le statut social humain dépend beaucoup du prestige, une forme de respect accordée de façon consentie aux individus jugés les plus compétents (les experts). Mais comment expliquer ce phénomène, inédit chez les primates ? J’aborde cette question en explorant les fondements émotionnels du lien entre la compétence et le statut social par le biais d’une approche évolutionnaire. Plus particulièrement, je teste l’hypothèse que l’envie et l’admiration sont deux émotions qui sous-tendent l’octroi de prestige et que leur expression est régulée par des programmes neurobiologiques mis en place par la sélection naturelle pour répondre à des enjeux compétitifs et coopératifs inhérents aux experts. Cette hypothèse est issue d’un modèle développé par Henrich et Gil-White (2001), selon lequel l’avènement de la culture humaine aurait créé un environnement où les experts représentent à la fois des rivaux pour le statut et des partenaires de coopération. Bien que ce modèle soit cohérent avec bon nombre de caractéristiques propres à l’envie et à l’admiration, il demeure limité quand il s’agit de prédire leurs patrons d’expression. À l’aide des données issues de la psychologie classique, j’en propose une version ajustée qui en conserve les principes de base, mais dans laquelle l’expression des deux émotions dépend de ce que j’appelle la valeur sociale de l’expert, à savoir ses qualités globales en tant que partenaire social (valeur coopérative) ou en tant que rival (valeur compétitive). Après avoir identifié une douzaine de facteurs affectant la valeur sociale, je mets à l’épreuve le modèle ajusté en testant l’hypothèse que les experts sont soit enviés ou admirés lorsque leurs valeurs compétitives ou coopératives sont respectivement élevées. Pour cela, j’utilise des données récoltées par l’entremise d’un questionnaire en ligne, dans lequel les participants étaient invités à décrire une situation impliquant un expert et ayant suscité chez eux de l’envie ou de l’admiration. D’une façon générale, les résultats de la présente étude ne permettent pas de tirer des conclusions fermes quant à la validité du modèle ajusté. Ils permettent néanmoins d’affirmer que ce modèle est approprié pour rendre compte des patrons d’expression de l’envie et de l’admiration et qu’il mérite d’être davantage exploré pour expliquer le lien entre la compétence et le prestige. Par exemple, les participants admiratifs figuraient parmi ceux qui attribuaient le plus de confiance en la disposition de coopérer des experts. Les participants envieux figuraient quant à eux parmi ceux ayant le plus décrit d’experts dont l’âge et le sexe les rendent plus à même d’être en compétition pour le statut. En étant en adéquation avec des prédictions issues d’un modèle construit à partir de la théorie de l’évolution, les résultats de cette étude appuient l’idée que les comportements humains répondent à des contraintes biologiques, et illustrent l’importance pour l’anthropologie d’intégrer l’approche évolutionnaire pour étudier les phénomènes sociaux complexes. / Human social status depends largely on prestige, a form of deference freely conferred to individuals that are deemed to be highly competent (i.e. experts). I attempt to explain this peculiar phenomenon, absent in other primates, by exploring the emotional and evolutionary underpinnings of the relationship between competence and status. More specifically, I test the hypothesis that prestige relies on envy and admiration and that these emotions are regulated by neurobiological adaptations selected to solve competitive and cooperative problems regarding experts. This hypothesis is based on a model developed by Henrich and Gil-White (2001), according to which, the evolution of human culture created an environment where experts represent both rivals for status and cooperation partners. Although consistent with many characteristics of envy and admiration, Henrich and Gil-White’s model does not provide the necessary framework to predict their manifestation. I propose an adjusted version to address the issue by using data from psychology research. This adjusted model follows the same fundamental principles as its original version, but adds the idea that the expression of envy and admiration depends on an expert’s social value. This value reflects the expert’s overall qualities as an ally (i.e. cooperative value) or as a threat to one’s status (i.e. competitive value). After identifying a dozen factors affecting an individual’s social value, I examine the adjusted model’s validity by challenging the idea that experts are either envied or admired when their competitive or cooperative values are respectively high. To that end, I use original data collected via an online questionnaire, in which participants were asked to describe a past event involving an expert who triggered envy or admiration. Overall, firm conclusions on the model’s validity cannot be drawn from this study alone. The provided results are nevertheless reliable enough to confirm its relevance as an explanation of the expression patterns of envy and admiration, and that the model deserves to be investigated further. For instance, admiring participants trusted significantly more the experts’ willingness to cooperate. Conversely, envious participants were more inclined to report experts whose age and sex made them more likely to be status threatening. By being congruent with evolutionary-based predictions, the results of this study demonstrate that human behaviour responds to biological constraints, and then, underscores the importance for anthropology of incorporating the evolutionary framework to study complex social phenomena.

The diploma thesis focuses on the concept of social work in the social and legal protection of children and social workers perception of the prestige this profession. The diploma thesis defines terms such as self-worth, self-realization, motivation and prestige, while the emphasis is mainly on meeting expectations that were formed before studying at university, or higher professional school. The work also focuses on the professional and systemic limits that social workers at OSPOD encounter, but also on the assumptions that are an integral part of the professional performance of social work at OSPOD. The empirical part of the thesis is focused on qualitative research, where semi-structured interviews were used and the respondents were selected on the basis of the reference selection. This thesis also looks into the problem and identification of critical areas, which are connected with the performance of social work on OSPOD, mainly in the context of perception of prestige of this profession.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the job constructs influencing campus recreation undergraduate student workers’ satisfaction and retention and how their job satisfaction relates to job retention. The job constructs measured against job satisfaction and retention were job embeddedness, perceived organizational support, perceived organizational prestige, and organizational commitment. An online survey was sent out for 14, four-year, public universities in two southeastern states. A total of 108 undergraduate student employees responded to the survey. Descriptive statistics and a correlation matrix were performed in order to analyze the data and the relationship between the variables. Three regressions were used to measure the significance of the variables relationship. This study’s results suggest that those students who are more committed to the organization are more likely to be satisfied with their job. Additionally, those students who are more embedded in their job are more likely to return to their job.

Sociala normer, individuella förutsättningar och strukturella hinder kan alla ha betydelse för en individs utbildningsval. Genom att analysera intervjupersonernas upplevelser och erfarenheter i relation till närmiljön och samhällets normer och förväntningar, syftar studien till att skapa en djupare förståelse för universitetsstudenters utbildningsval. Studien är kvalitativ och empirin samlades in via semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades sedan med hjälp av en tematisk analys. Tidigare forskning, teorier och begrepp samlades in genom en växelverkan mellan analys och empiri vilket gör studien abduktiv.  Resultatet visar att närmiljön, det vill säga föräldrar, vänner och lärare, spelar en avgörande roll i unga kvinnors utbildningsval. Föräldrarnas inflytande sträcker sig bortom deras egen akademiska bakgrund och gör att de fungerar som förebilder som motiverar och driver intervjupersonerna. Studien belyser även en kedjereaktion av motivation och inspiration bland vänner, där vänners utbildningsval skapar en inspiration till liknande val. Genom att internalisera normer och förväntningar från föräldrar, lärare och samhället i helhet, formades intervjupersonernas ambitioner och val att utbilda sig. Studien visar även på den normativa kraften som finns i sociala strukturer, där utbildning inte bara sågs som önskvärd, utan även nödvändig och självklar. Upplevelserna och erfarenheterna som presenteras i studien visar att utbildning betraktas som en högt värderad väg till personlig och professionell utveckling i samhället. / Social norms, individual conditions, and structural barriers can all influence an individual's educational choices. By analyzing the interviewees' experiences and perceptions in relation to their local environment and societal norms and expectations, this study aims to create a deeper understanding of university students’ educational choices. The study is qualitative, with data collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Previous research, theories, and concepts were gathered through an interaction between analysis and empirical data, making the study abductive. The results indicate that the local environment, including parents, friends, and teachers, plays a crucial role in young women's educational choices. The influence of parents extends beyond their own academic backgrounds, positioning them as role models who motivate and drive the interviewees. The study also highlights a chain reaction of motivation and inspiration among friends, where friends' educational choices create inspiration for similar choices. By internalizing norms and expectations from parents, teachers, and society at large, the interviewees' ambitions and decisions to pursue education were shaped. The study also demonstrates the normative power present in social structures, where education is not only seen as desirable but also necessary and self-evident. The experiences and perceptions presented in the study show that education is regarded as a highly valued path to personal and professional development in society.

Chez l'être humain, le pouvoir d'influence peut être accordé volontairement aux individus qui se démarquent par leurs habiletés exceptionnelles. Dans cette étude, deux théories issues de la perspective évolutionniste sur ce type de pouvoir sont confrontées : celle de la transmission sociale de l'information (Henrich et Gil-White 2001) et celle de l'échange social (Chapais 2012). Cinq hypothèses principales sont extraites et mises à l'épreuve : 1) la compétence supérieure de certains individus leur permet d'acquérir un statut supérieur; 2) la compétence d'un individu est évaluée par comparaison sociale et par l'intermédiaire de mécanismes psychosociaux; 3) les experts sont utiles à autrui puisqu'ils sont de meilleurs modèles à imiter et de meilleurs partenaires de coopération; 4) ces experts reçoivent de la déférence de leurs admirateurs en échange d'un partenariat avec eux ; 5) conséquemment, une compétition pour l'acquisition d'un statut supérieur émerge via la démonstration publique de la compétence et la recherche d'une réputation favorable. Ces prévisions sont testées par une analyse comparative de la littérature ethnographique portant sur dix sociétés de chasseurs-cueilleurs relativement égalitaires en utilisant la base de données du eHRAF of World Cultures. Les résultats appuient très fortement toutes les prévisions et indiquent que des asymétries de statut sont omniprésentes chez tous les peuples de l'échantillon, ce qui refléterait l'universalité des propensions psychosociales qui sous-tendent ces inégalités. / In humans, influence power can be freely given to highly skilled individuals. In this study, two evolutionary theories on the origin of this type of power are considered: the information goods theory (Henrich and Gil-White 2001), and the social exchange theory (Chapais 2012). Based on this theoretical framework, five main hypotheses were extracted and tested: 1) individuals with higher competence in specific domains of activities have a superior status; 2) an individual's higher competence is evaluated through social comparison; 3) highly skilled individuals are useful to others because they constitute better models to imitate and better partners to cooperate with; 4) followers defer to experts in exchange for their partnership ; 5) as a result, individuals compete for status by exhibiting their competence and attempting to improve their reputation. Those predictions were tested by using the eHRAF of World Cultures database and analysing the data relating to ten relatively egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies. The results strongly support all predictions and indicate that status asymmetries are ubiquitous in the sampled societies. This suggests that the underlying psychosocial mechanisms constitute human universals.