Este estudo teve como objetivos conhecer a percepção dos enfermeiros a respeito das competências inerentes à sua função quanto assistir as famílias de pacientes fora de possibilidades terapêuticas; identificar como os enfermeiros assistem as famílias de pacientes fora de possibilidades terapêuticas; identificar como esses enfermeiros têm desenvolvido suas habilidades para assistir as famílias diante do processo de perda iminente. A pesquisa foi realizada, utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, a técnica empregada foi o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo que, segundo Lefèvre e Lefèvre (2003), possibilita a identificação e a construção de sujeitos e discursos coletivos distintos, por meio da análise de material individual e da extração das ideias centrais, compondo-se, com o conteúdo das ideias centrais semelhantes, discursos-síntese que expressam as representações sociais de uma coletividade (Silva, 2006). Os dados foram coletados por intermédio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas de março a maio de 2008, com 18 enfermeiros com experiência mínima de dois anos de atuação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e atendimento a familiares de pacientes fora de possibilidades terapêuticas. O cenário do estudo foi um hospital privado de médio porte, localizado no Município de São Paulo. Da análise, foram apreendidos sete discursos; e as categorias foram qualificadas em função das competências que o enfermeiro deve adquirir para assistir as famílias de pacientes fora de possibilidades terapêuticas. Competências atitudinais relacionadas à preocupação com o cuidar da família: 1.Vínculo de confiança entre enfermeiro e família; 2. Sensibilidade para cuidar da família do paciente com prognóstico fechado; 3. Dor emocional da família. Competências atitudinais relacionadas a valores pessoais, éticos e religiosos: 1. Condutas do agir ético-profissional; 2. Apoio em sua espiritualidade ou religião. Competências atitudinais relacionadas ao desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional para cuidar da família: 1. Maturidade científica, emocional e espiritual; 2. Preparo profissional do enfermeiro para assistir a família. Os resultados demonstraram que os enfermeiros sentem dificuldades em assistir as famílias dos pacientes fora de possibilidades terapêuticas em sua dor e sofrimento. Estas dificuldades advêm desde a formação acadêmica, perpassando pelo acúmulo de atividades no cotidiano das Instituições de Saúde e reforçadas pela pouca discussão em relação às competências do enfermeiro em assistir essas famílias. Os profissionais mostraram-se abertos ao atendimento das demandas de cuidado dessas famílias e ressaltaram aspectos importantes para a construção e definição das competências em relação a esse cuidado / This study aimed to know the perception of nurses regarding competencies inherent to their function in the delivery of care to families of patients beyond cure; identify how nurses deliver care to these families; and how nurses have developed their abilities to care for these families in face of imminent death. This is a qualitative research and the Collective Subjective Discourse was the technique used. According to Lefèvre and Lefèvre this technique yields the identification and the construction of distinct subjects and collective discourses through the analysis of individual material and extraction of main ideas, which are composed with the content of similar main ideas, discourses-synthesis that express social representations of a group. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews carried out between March and May 2008 with 18 nurses with minimum experience of two years working in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and delivering care to families of incurable patients. The study setting was a medium size private hospital in Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Seven discourses emerged from the analysis. The categories were based on competences nurses should acquire to care for families of patients who are beyond cure. Attitudinal competences related to the responsibility of caring for the family: 1. Ties of trust between nurses and families; 2. Sensibility to care for families of incurable patients; 3. Families emotional pain. Attitudinal competence related to personal, ethical and religious values: 1. Ethical-professional conduct; 2. Support families spirituality and religion. Attitudinal competences related to personal and professional development to care for families: 1. Scientific, emotional and spiritual maturity; 2. Nurses professional experience to care for families. Results showed that nurses have difficulties in helping families of patients who are beyond cure to cope with their pain and suffering. These difficulties derive from their academic education, overload of activities in the routine of health institutions, and are reinforced by the lack of discussion on nurses competences necessary to care for these families. Professional are open to meet the care demands of these families and highlight important points for the construction and definition of competences related to this care

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:04:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HUMANIZACAO DO CUIDADO EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA.pdf: 495981 bytes, checksum: cd1f3bac1dc831c32884e99d6bb68213 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) provides treatment to seriously ill patients and those at risk of death. Due to complex activities in order to maintain life within these sectors, there is an overestimation of technology to the detriment of human aspects. Furthermore, this has aroused studies which highlight the importance of humanized care in order to provide nursing assistance that meets the biopsychosociospiritual needs of patients. In despite of the efforts made it is still noticeable in these units the inhuman or careless assistance provided to patients and their families. Based on these arguments this study aims to: analyze the constitution of nursing knowledge and practices in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) with the purpose of humanizing nursing assistance; describe the nurses conception of humanized nursing assistance within the ICU; identify and describe the mobilized, transposed and learned knowledge of nursing practice aiming to humanization. In this regard, a descriptive exploratory study of a qualitative approach was carried out in an adult ICU at a public hospital in Goiânia. Seven nurses participated in this study. Data were collected through individual semi structured interviews, recorded in digital media. The treatment of the collected material was based on thematic content analysis, of which two categories emerged: the concept of humanization ; the knowledge involved in establishing the core competences for humanized assistance . This last one was also subdivided into five subcategories: act with pertinence; know how to combine and mobilize resources in a context; know how to transpose; know how to learn and get involved. Moreover these categories lead to a subject conception of the theme as well as the constitution or not of necessary knowledge to a humanized practice in the ICU. Results showed that in expressing their concepts of humanization, the individuals emphasized aspects such as: putting themselves in someone else s position, interact with the patient and integral care. In terms of knowledge acquired, knowing how to act with pertinence is present in some significant moves through attitudes that went beyond prescriptive face to the suffering experienced by the patients. Also, this knowledge is favored by the combination of the knowledge acquired through personal and professional experiences due to the constitution of knowledge learning. However, the knowledge and practice constitution has been limited, given that the professionals showed no involvement with this issue, transferring this task to others, as seen in several moments the biomedical pattern of this professionals actions lead to mechanized care attitudes. / A unidade de terapia intensiva destina-se ao tratamento de pacientes gravemente enfermos e com risco de morte. Em decorrência das complexas atividades para manutenção da vida desenvolvidas nestes setores, há uma supervalorização da tecnologia em detrimento do aspecto humano, o que tem suscitado estudos que comprovam a importância de se resgatar o lado humano do cuidado, buscando oferecer uma assistência de enfermagem na atenção das necessidades biopsicossocioespirituais do cliente. Porém, apesar dos esforços ainda é possível perceber que nessas unidades o cuidado desumano ou o descuidado em relação ao paciente e seus familiares ainda se faz presente. Com base nestes argumentos, esse estudo tem como objetivo: analisar a constituição de saberes e fazeres na prática do enfermeiro em unidade de terapia intensiva para a humanização da assistência de enfermagem; descrever a concepção do enfermeiro em UTI quanto à assistência de enfermagem humanizada; identificar e descrever os saberes mobilizados, transpostos e aprendidos na prática do enfermeiro, para a humanização da assistência de enfermagem. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa em uma UTI para adultos de um hospital publico no município de Goiânia. Participaram deste estudo sete enfermeiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista individual semiestruturada, gravada em mídia digital. O tratamento do material coletado baseou-se na modalidade temática da análise de conteúdo, do qual emergiram duas categorias: o conceito de humanização ; os saberes envolvidos na constituição de competência para a humanização da assistência , sendo que esta ultima foi subdividida em cinco subcategorias: saber agir com pertinência; saber combinar e mobilizar recursos em um contexto; saber transpor; saber aprender e aprender a aprender e saber envolver-se. Essas categorias apontam a concepção dos sujeitos quanto à temática da humanização da assistência de enfermagem e a constituição ou não dos saberes necessários para a prática humanizada em UTI. Os resultados apontaram que ao emitir o seu conceito sobre humanização, os sujeitos enfatizaram aspectos como: se colocar no lugar do outro, interagir com o paciente e cuidado integral. Com relação aos saberes constituídos, o saber agir com pertinência está presente em alguns movimentos significativos, por meio de atitudes que foram além do prescritivo diante do sofrimento vivenciado pelo paciente. Esse saber é favorecido pela combinação dos saberes adquiridos através das experiências pessoais e profissionais em virtude da constituição do saber aprender e aprender a aprender. No entanto, a constituição de saberes/fazeres se mostrou limitada, tendo em vista que os profissionais não demonstraram envolvimento com essa temática, transferindo essa missão a terceiros, assim como foi possível perceber em certos momentos a transposição do modelo biomédico impregnado nas ações desses profissionais culminando em atitudes mecanizadas de cuidado.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-01-06T17:32:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcilenedealmeidamattos.pdf: 1256036 bytes, checksum: 488c2a74cf833f2d0cbfd973115eaa3d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T11:24:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcilenedealmeidamattos.pdf: 1256036 bytes, checksum: 488c2a74cf833f2d0cbfd973115eaa3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T11:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcilenedealmeidamattos.pdf: 1256036 bytes, checksum: 488c2a74cf833f2d0cbfd973115eaa3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / A presente dissertação teve por finalidade analisar o processo de escolha de gestores escolares da Rede Estadual de Ensino do Amazonas, que acontece por meio da indicação técnica e política. No entanto, conforme estabelecido no Art. 206 da Constituição Federal de 1988, a educação, deve ser pautada no princípio democrático o que não se enxerga nesse modelo. Também se destaca que os critérios adotados para a escolha, pontuados na Resolução do Conselho Estadual de Educação do Amazonas, nem sempre são obedecidos pelos atores responsáveis pelo processo. Para subsidiar essa análise, foi utilizada da como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa com uso da entrevista como instrumento. Realizou-se ainda pesquisa documental, levantando registros e instrumentos normativos e bibliográficos, tendo como principais referenciais teóricos obras de Heloísa Lück, Henry Mintzberg e Vitor Paro. Também foram realizadas pesquisas comparativas acerca do processo de escolha de gestores escolares de cinco estados brasileiros, quais sejam: Ceará, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e Tocantins, que utilizam modelos de escolhas de gestores de escolas distintos ao que acontece no Amazonas. Essas pesquisas serviram de embasamento para a criação de uma proposta de processo de seleção de gestores escolares para a Rede Estadual de Ensino do Amazonas, sendo contemplados critérios técnicos, definição de perfil e competência profissional, englobando o conhecimento e as habilidades técnicas do candidato a gestor de escola. Concluindo então que, o processo de escolha de gestores escolares da Rede Estadual de Ensino do Amazonas, que é por indicação, no que se refere aos procedimentos atuais, há formas diversas para essa escolha, sendo que na Capital os gestores ao serem indicados são entrevistados, porém para as escolas do Interior, os procedimentos diferem do que acontece na Capital, incorrendo em despadronização do processo. / This theses aims to analyze the process of choosing school managers of the Rede Estadual de Ensino do Amazonas, which happens through technical and political statement. However, as set out in Art.206 of the Federal Constitution of 1988, the education should be regulated on the democratic principle, something that it does not see on this model. Also emphasizes that the criteria adopted for the selection, punctuated by the Resolução do Conselho Estadual de Educação do Amazonas aren’t Always obeyed by the responsible by the process. To support this analysis, it was used, as methodology, the qualitative research with use of interview as a instrument of research. A documentar research was also conducted, raising records, and bibliographic and normative instruments and it’s main theoretical references from Works of Heloisa Luck, Henry Minzberg and Vitor Paro. It was also carried out comparative research on the process of choosing school managers of five brazilian states that are: Ceará, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Tocantins using different models of school manager choosing that in Amazonas. Such researches served as the basis for the creation of a proposal for school managers selection process for the Rede Estadual de Ensino do Amazonas, covering the knowledge and the candidate’s technical skills for school management. Concluding, the process of choosing school managers of the Rede Estadual de Educação do Amazonas, which is by appointment, with regard to current procedures, there are several ways for that choice, and in the Capital, managers to be appointed are interviewed, but for schools of Interior, the procedures differ from what happens in the capital, incurring no standardization of the process.

Tem aumentado nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) o desalinhamento de expectativas entre coordenadores, educadores e educandos: em face da escassez de recursos, os professores tentam cumprir o programa da disciplina e os estudantes priorizam sua simples aprovação (nota e frequência). Na sala de aula é baixa a utilidade percebida (teoria x aplicação), o que afasta os estudantes e desanima os professores. Na tentativa de gerenciar tais conflitos e atender as exigências curriculares, coordenadores têm adotado ações que consumam menos recursos e produzam mais resultados. Com o intuito de apoiar coordenadores, professores e estudantes, buscaram-se evidências quantitativas e indícios qualitativos de que a gestão eficiente dos recursos disponíveis em sala de aula pode produzir com o uso dos mesmos recursos, resultados superiores de assimilação e envolvimento (carga ao professor que conduz a disciplina atendendo os alunos). Revisou-se nesta pesquisa a literatura sobre os seguintes conceitos: gestão de IES (TACHIZAWA, 2009); disciplinas e interdisciplinaridade na educação superior (MORIN, 1997; MACHADO, 2009); métodos e estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem (FREIRE, 2005; KOLB, 1990; SENGE et al., 2005; NONAKA e TACKEUCHI, 2008; SAUAIA, 2010). Foram conduzidos de 2004 a 2011 seis estudos experimentais em quatro IES privadas da cidade de São Paulo que oferecem cursos de graduação em Administração e Contabilidade. Ao se fazer uso de estratégias vivenciais de ensino-aprendizagem Centradas no Participante (ACP), os resultados evidenciaram desempenho superior na assimilação de conteúdos programáticos e no envolvimento dos estudantes universitários, como relataram Piaget e Vigotsky com estudantes do ensino fundamental. Tais resultados convidam coordenadores e professores à reflexão, na seleção cuidadosa de artefatos educacionais, métodos e estratégias usados em sala de aula e ao equacionamento de três desafios: sensibilizar e treinar os professores que se interessem pelos métodos centrados no participante; revisar os critérios para seleção de professores, valorizando um novo perfil; estimular e capitalizar o interesse dos estudantes e seu envolvimento para sua melhor formação como indivíduos e cidadãos. / The misalignment of expectations amongst learners, educators and coordinators has increased in the Higher Education Centers (IES): while teachers try to fulfill the program, students only care about their approval (grades and attendance). In the classroom the usefulness of the program perceived by students is low (theory x application), which discourages the teachers. While coordinators manage such conflicts, they also have to meet the curriculum requirements and trying to use as few resources as possible without jeopardizing the results. This research revises the literature on the following concepts: management of IES (TACHIZAWA, 2009); disciplines and interdisciplinary issues in higher education (MORIN, 1997; MACHADO, 2009); strategies for teaching/learning (FREIRE, 2005; KOLB, 1990; SENGE et al., 2005; NONAKA and TACKEUCHI, 2008; SAUAIA, 2009). Between the years of 2004 and 2011 the researchers conducted six studies in four private IES in the city of São Paulo that offer undergraduate courses in administration and accounting. The studies investigated the contributions achieved through the efficient management of available resources in the classroom (introduction of new instruments: SR, LC). Making use of teaching/learning strategies Focused on the Participant (ACP), the observed results have demonstrated superior performance in the assimilation of the syllabus and in the involvement of students. Despite being partial, these results invite coordinators and teachers to reflect and adopt a careful management of artifacts, methods and strategies used in the classroom. The understanding that ACP can contribute to a more efficient management in the classroom leads to the responsibility by the coordinators to consider three challenges: to create awareness and train the teachers who are interested in the participant-centred methods, to redirect criteria for selection of teachers and finally to increase the students interest and their involvement in their full training as individuals and citizens.

Introduktion: Distriktssköterskor som arbetar inom hemsjukvård ställs inför allt mer avancerad vård i hemmet då dagens medicinska utveckling medger denna möjlighet till allt fler patienter. Denna utveckling medför ökade krav på distriktssköterskors kompetens och det innebär även ett ökat behov av kompetensutveckling. Syfte: Att beskriva distriktssköterskors tillvägagångssätt för att utveckla sin professionella kompetens inom hemsjukvården. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med innehållsanalys har använts i studien där semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med tio stycken distriktssköterskor arbetandes inom hemsjukvård. Resultat: Studien resulterade i fyra kategorier: Eget sökande efter kunskap, Kollegialt lärande, Kunskap genom andra vårdgivare och Utbildas via arbetsgivaren. Konklusion: Resultatet visar på att distriktssköterskor tar ett stort eget ansvar för sin professionella kompetensutveckling. För att patientsäkerheten inte ska äventyras söker distriktssköterskor kunskap på egen hand, de har ingen särskild tid avsatt för detta under arbetstiden. Distriktssköterskorna behöver mer tid och resurser för professionell kompetensutveckling på arbetstid, en samordning inom professionen krävs för att effektivisera kunskapssökning samt att arbetsgivare behöver få en ökad medvetenhet om distriktssköterskors behov av professionell kompetensutveckling. / Introduction: District nurses who are working in home care are faced with increasingly advanced home care, as the current medical development is allowing more and more opportunities for patients. This development implies increasing demands on district nurses’ skills and as a consequence, the need for further education increases. Aim: To describe district nurses’ approach to developing their skills in home care. Method: The qualitative method content analysis has been applied in the study, where semistructured interviews were made with ten district nurses working in home care. Results: The study resulted in four categories: Searching for knowledge on their own, Collegial Learning, Knowledge through other healthcare providers and Education through the employer. Conclusion: The result shows that district nurses take a large responsibility for their professional competence development. In order to ensure that patient safety is not compromised, district nurses seek knowledge on their own, they have no special time allocated for this during their working hours. District nurses need more time and resources for professional competence development during working hours, coordination within the profession is required to streamline knowledge search and employers need to gain increased awareness of district nurses' need for professional competence development.

Une approche sociologique de l’autorité en milieu scolaire identifie des échanges entre apprenants et enseignants, fondés sur le principe de don (donner, recevoir, rendre). De ce point de vue, l’autorité n’est plus un pouvoir s’exerçant de manière verticale, hiérarchique. Au contraire, le pouvoir de l’autorité est le garant de la qualité des échanges entre enseignants et apprenants : l’enseignant donne, organise les apprentissages (les savoirs, les mises en situation d’apprentissage) et laisse advenir les retours possibles, rendus par les apprenants – dans un esprit de complète réciprocité. De leurs échanges, apprenants et enseignants tirent des enseignements utiles à l’amélioration de leurs conditions, d’éducation pour les uns et de travail pour les autres. Et, l’autorité des enseignants ne peut plus être pensée comme le résultat d’un charisme ou d’une disposition naturelle. Elle est une compétence professionnelle que l’enseignant ne cesse de travailler pour l’accroître. / A sociological approach of the authority in teaching highlights exchanges between teachers and trainees based on the gift concept defined by M. Mauss (give, receive and return). In this point of view, the authority is not perceived as a power enforced from top to bottom, hierarchically. In fact, the authority is the warrant of the exchanges quality between teachers and trainees: the teacher gives and organizes the teaching (knowledge, teaching practices) and the trainees return their end product. Teachers and trainees learn from these exchanges, improving their respective working and learning conditions. Using this concept, teachers’ authority cannot be conceived as a result of a natural charisma. Teachers’ authority becomes a professional competence that the teacher must acquire and improve lifelong.

In a research series carried out between 1984 and 1988 in the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden, various aspects of the professional role and work of physiotherapists were studied. A variety of research methods were used: questionnaires (n = 163), a time budget study (n = 149), and a qualitative interview (n = 24). Physiotherapy was considered varied and creative, but not well defined or very specific in its objectives. Physiotherapy is still a predominantly female profession, though the proportion of male physiotherapists was increasing. The proportion entering full-time employment in physiotherapy increased due both to the greater number of male graduates and the increasing number of women working full-time. A partial internal division of work between the sexes has arisen. More women than men are employed in in-patient care, while proportionately more men worked outside institutions. Most respondents were firmly in control of their treatment methods, but were somewhat restricted in their freedom to decide whom to treat, and when to terminate treatment. Few had carried out any research concerning treatment and results. The time budget study showed that the treatment of patients took up on average 33% of the physiotherapists’ gross working hours and was the largest single task. Continuing education accounted for 5%, development work for 1% and the remaining occupational tasks for 38%. Occupational area was the most important factor in explaining the distribution of working hours, when other factors were kept constant. Neither sex nor gender markedly affects the carrying out of tasks other than treatment. Nor does professional post particularly affect time utilization other than for administrative tasks. This profession has a double objective: care and service more generally and to provide physiotherapy in particular—both equally important. In order to improve the quality of physiotherapy, and at the same time to extend their own specific, theoretical body of knowledge, a number of physiotherapists have reappraised and extended their concept of the profession to include management and research in their everyday work. Conclusion: The fact that occupational area exercises such a profound influence on the work of physiotherapists, taken together with the slight influence that professional post has, reveals that the individual physiotherapist must be prepared to play a broadly defined professional role. There seems to be a wealth of skill and expertise available within the profession, which could, however, be more efficiently used if the management and organization of physiotherapy service were better adapted to serve its objectives, and if these were better delineated and communicated. / digitalisering@umu.se

SAMMANFATTNING  Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskors professionella utveckling kan förstås som en del i ett livslångt lärande inom ramen för yrkeslivet och visar positiva effekter för sjuksköterskors arbetstillfredsställelse, önskan att bidra till den verksamhet de arbetar i och för att minska arbetsrelaterad stress. Professionell utveckling är också förenat med positiva effekter för patienternas vård. Inom slutenvårdens vårdavdelningar är vårdenhetschefen sjuksköterskans närmaste chef. Vårdenhetschefen har avgörande betydelse för sjuksköterskans professionella utveckling genom att vara en förebild och skapa en gynnsam miljö för lärande på enheten. Hur vårdenhetschefen uppfattar fenomenet professionell utveckling kan påverka vårdenhetschefens agerande och interagerande med sjuksköterskorna på vårdavdelningen. Syfte: Att beskriva hur vårdenhetschefer inom slutenvården uppfattar innebörden av professionell utveckling för sjuksköterskor på vårdavdelning.  Metod: En intervjustudie med fenomenografisk ansats där 12 vårdenhetschefer intervjuades. Resultat: Tre kvalitativt skilda uppfattningar av professionell utveckling, med olika grad av komplexitet urskiljdes; A) Professionell utveckling är att arbetsgruppen når grundläggande kompetens för sin uppgift, B),Professionell utveckling är en medvetenhet, acceptans och insikt hos den enskilda sjuksköterskan och C)Professionell utveckling är att ta tillvara den enskilda sjuksköterskans förutsättningar och kompetens i verksamheten.  Konklusion: De olika uppfattningarna hänger samman med hur vårdenhetschefen ser på sin egen roll i relation till professionell utveckling och vilka aktiviteter för professionell utveckling de prioriterar. Vårdenhetschefens uppfattning påverkar också dennes ambition och ansvarstagande för sjuksköterskors professionella utveckling. Trots vårdenhetschefens befogenheter var det få som framhöll betydelsen av sin egen roll för sjuksköterskors professionella utveckling. Detta gör att sjuksköterskan står ensam i att hitta utvecklingsvägar för sig själv vilket medför risk att sjuksköterskans kompetens inte utvecklas i enlighet med verksamhetens behov och att kompetens inte tas tillvara i verksamheten. / ABSTRACT Introduction:Nurses’ continuing professional development (CPD) can be understood as part of life-long learning in working life. CPD shows positive effects on nurses’ work satisfaction, on their wish to contribute to their workplace and in reducing work-related stress. In addition, CPD has positive effects on patient care. The nurse manager is the closest manager of the nurse on inpatient wards and has a crucial impact on nurses’ CPD by acting as a role model and creating a learning environment on the ward. How nurse managers understand the meaning of nurses’ CPD affects how they act and interact with nurses on the ward.  Purpose: To describe how nurse managers in inpatient care understand the meaning of CPD for nurses on hospital wards. Method: A phenomenographic interview study was conducted and 12 nurse managers were interviewed. Results: Three qualitatively different perceptions, of varying complexity, were found. A) CPD is when the working group reaches the basic level of knowledge necessary to do their work, B) CPD is the nurses’ awareness, acceptance and insightand C) CPD means to use the nurses’ prerequisites and competence within the organization. Conclusion:These perceptions are connected with how the nurse managers view their role in CPD and which learning activities for CPD are their main priority. Their different perceptions can affect and be affected by the situation on the ward where the nurse manager works. Their perception also affects their ambition and responsibility when it comes to nurses’ professional development. Despite their job description, few nurse managers highlighted their own impact on nurse CPD. This may lead to the nurse standing alone when seeking ways to achieve development. There is a risk that individual nurses’ competences may not be used within their organization.

This case study describes an academic library search committee's decision-making, practice, and assessment of using performance-based interviews as part of a national search for lecturer-level positions with a primary focus of reference and research services and minimal expectations of teaching information literacy in the classroom. The search committee determined performance-based interviews were successful in establishing candidates’ depth of skill in simulated reference transactions. The authors recommend incorporating an element of unscripted job simulation to employment interviews in libraries of all types.

Bakgrund: I takt med att Sveriges befolkning blir äldre ökar behovet av vård och kompressionsbehandling. För att kunna ge en optimal sårvård behöver distriktssköterskan ha kompetens inom venös insufficiens, sårläkningsprocessen, sårläkningshämmande faktorer, cirkulationsbedömning och kompressionsbehandling. Vid behandling av venösa bensår ska distriktssköterskor arbeta patientsäkert och ta ansvar för sina handlingar. Syfte: Beskriva hur distriktssköterskor erfar sin kompetens och behovet av kompetensutveckling gällande kompressionsbehandling av venösa bensår. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats tillämpades i studien. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio distriktssköterskor inom primärvården. Det insamlade materialet analyserades utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier. Kategorierna beskrev distriktssköterskors erfarenhet av sin kompetens samt resurser och strategier för kompetensutveckling. Distriktssköterskor som ofta utförde kompressionsbehandling ansåg sig ha kompetens inom området och hade förmågan att utföra en korrekt bedömning samt behandling. Distriktssköterskor som istället erfor sin kompetens som bristfällig uttryckte ofta utmaningar i arbetsmomentet. Utmaningar beskrevs vara att motivera patienter till att använda kompressionsbehandling samt att förmedla information om behandlingens fördelar. Slutsats: Kunskap inom kompressionsbehandling är en förutsättning för att vårda patienter med venösa bensår Kompetensutveckling samt stöd och kunskapsutbyte med medarbetare har fördelaktig inverkan på distriktssköterskans individuella kompetens. Hinder i kompetensutveckling var tidsbrist samt att utbildning inte prioriterades. / Background: As the population of Sweden grows older, the need for care and compression treatment increases. In order to provide optimal wound care, the district nurse needs to have expertise in venous insufficiency, the wounds healing process, inhibiting factors in wound healing, circulation assessment and compression treatment. When treating venous leg ulcers, the district nurses must work patient-safe and take responsibility for their actions. Aim: Describe how district nurses experience their competence and the need for competence development regarding compression treatment for venous leg ulcers. Method: A qualitative method with an inductive approach was applied in the study. The data collection was conducted with semi-structured interviews with ten district nurses in primary care. The collected material was analyzed on the basis of a qualitative content analysis.  Findings: The categories described district nurses' experience of their competence as well as resources and strategies for competence development. District nurses who often performed compression treatment considered themselves to have competence in the area and had the ability to perform a correct assessment and treatment. District nurses who experienced their skills as deficient often expressed challenges in the work step. Challenges were described as motivating patients to use compression therapy and providing information about the benefits of the treatment. Conclusion: Knowledge in compression treatment is a prerequisite for caring for patients with venous leg ulcers. Competence development and support and knowledge exchange with employees have a beneficial effect on the district nurse's individual competence. Lack of time and low prioritized education were described as obstacles in skills development.