The purpose of the study was to examine why men purchase sex from women. The study includes internet as an arena for these purchases. The study material was collected through four telephone-interviews and one email-interview with men that have purchased sex on the internet. The study material has been analyzed with previous studies on the subject, radical feminism theory, self-control theory, routine activity theory and techniques of neutralization. The results showed that sex was purchased mainly because it was easier from an emotional perspective than to establish a sexual relationship. Sexual dissatisfaction with a partner and personal characteristics were described to have an effect on the men’s ability to have sex. The purchase then seemed to be the only way to satisfy their sexual needs. The internet enables several advantages. The purchase becomes practically easier at the same time as it offers anonymity. Keywords: sexbuyers, Sweden, internet, prostitution.

Submitted by Marcela Dias Barbosa null (madiasbarbosa@gmail.com) on 2018-02-22T14:15:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELA DIAS BARBOSA-.pdf: 1431231 bytes, checksum: a5d3e5a390acf741f9d66dd4ee8981e9 (MD5) / Submitted by Marcela Dias Barbosa null (madiasbarbosa@gmail.com) on 2018-02-22T19:46:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELA DIAS BARBOSA-.pdf: 1431231 bytes, checksum: a5d3e5a390acf741f9d66dd4ee8981e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andreia Beatriz Pereira null (andreia.beatriz@franca.unesp.br) on 2018-02-26T20:39:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_MD_me_fran.pdf: 1431231 bytes, checksum: a5d3e5a390acf741f9d66dd4ee8981e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-26T20:39:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_MD_me_fran.pdf: 1431231 bytes, checksum: a5d3e5a390acf741f9d66dd4ee8981e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O tema violência contra as mulheres é amplamente debatido pelos movimentos feministas e pautado por diversos desafios na efetivação de políticas que considerem a diversidade de mulheres existentes. O ativismo das mulheres prostitutas, no cenário brasileiro e internacional, a partir das reivindicações pelo reconhecimento do trabalho sexual e pela ampliação na conquista de direitos, realizaram distinções precisas entre a prática da prostituição e a violência sexual. Contudo, o tratamento penal oferecido às trabalhadoras do sexo ainda oscila, categoricamente, ora representando-as enquanto vítimas, ora enquanto vilãs. Para além dos binarismos que ocultam realidades complexas e multifacetadas, neste trabalho, busco me aproximar dos olhares de cinco garotas de programa usuárias do “Centro de Prevenção em DST/Aids” do município de Franca e de suas perspectivas sobre a violência sexual, o estupro e as intermediações das instituições estatais. Considerando que a prática da prostituição e a violência não devem ser confundidas, pretendo analisar as negociações e limites corporais e afetivos estabelecidos na organização do trabalho sexual em Franca e traçar relações com o que reivindicam e reconhecem como violência sexual. O diálogo com os aprendizados, as próprias noções e estratégias de enfrentamento das garotas de programa perante o funcionamento das forças repressivas do estado e de suas narrativas sobre o crime de estupro compõe o objetivo de pensar experiências, resistências e o poder de agência de mulheres, vivas e intensas pela subversão e pluralidade de seus saberes. / The theme of violence against women is widely debated by feminist movements and is marked by a number of challenges in the implementation of policies that consider the diversity of women. The activism of prostitute women, in the Brazilian and international scene, from the demands for the recognition of sexual work and the expansion in the conquest of rights, made precise distinctions between the practice of prostitution and sexual violence. However, the criminal treatment offered to sex workers still fluctuates, categorically, sometimes portraying them as victims, sometimes as villains. In addition to the binarisms that hide complex and multifaceted realities, in this work I try to get closer to the looks of five girls from the program of the "Center for Prevention in STD / AIDS" in the municipality of Franca and their perspectives on sexual violence, rape And the intermediation of state institutions. Considering that the practice of prostitution and violence should not be confused, I intend to analyze the negotiations and corporal and affective limits established in the organization of sexual work in France and to establish relations with what they claim and recognize as sexual violence. The dialogue with the learnings, the very notions and strategies of confrontation of the program girls before the operation of the repressive forces of the state and its narratives on the crime of rape composes the objective to think experiences, resistances and the power of agency of women, Alive and intense by the subversion and plurality of their knowledge. / 2015/03018-3

Orientador: Aurea Maria Guimarães / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T02:43:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinheiro_Veralucia_D.pdf: 516558 bytes, checksum: a09a07f1cbe9bea6eddaf3c9bf0ea052 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Nossa pesquisa está vinculada ao Grupo de Pesquisa Violência, Imaginário e Educação (Violar), da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas ¿ SP (UNICAMP), e tem como objeto de estudo a relação entre a memória da violência no processo de socialização de crianças e adolescentes e o exercício da prostituição como modo de vida. O ponto de partida de nossas reflexões foram as narrativas de três mulheres, cujas condições de ingresso precoce na prostituição (antes dos 18 anos) e cuja trajetória infanto-juvenil, marcada por várias modalidades de violência (física, simbólica, sexual etc.), correspondem às características que definimos para constituir nosso universo investigativo. Nosso intuito foi apresentar de forma textual a experiência vivida e os argumentos orais dos próprios sujeitos. Para isso, ancoramo-nos em autores como Walter Benjamin, Ecléa Bosi, José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy e Maurice Halbwachs, buscando compreender os significados da violência nas memórias das jovens. Apresentamos, por isso diferentes situações de miséria material e moral, as quais retratam inúmeras transgressões que contradizem nossa noção de civilização. Não obstante acreditamos que o desvelamento desta ¿condição humana¿ pode contribuir com a produção do conhecimento tanto quanto a investigação de outros universos do mundo social / Abstract: Our research is linking with research¿s group violence, imaginary and education (Violar), from Education Faculty from University of Campinas-SP (UNICAMP) and its object of study is the relationship between violency¿s memory in the children and teenager¿s process of socialization of the children and adolescents and the exercice of prostitution as way of life. The starting point of our reflections had been the narratives of three women, whose conditions of precocious ingression in the prostitution (before the 18 years) and whose trajectory of childhood and youthful were marked by several kind of violence (physical, symbolic, sexual etc) correspond to features which we define to constitute our investigative universe. Our intention was of word-perfect form the lived experience the proper subjects the orals arguments. Thus, we support in authors like Walter Benjamin, Ecléa Bosi, José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy and Maurice Halbwachs, searching for understanding the meanings of violence in the memories of the young. We present, therefore differents situations of material and moral misery, that depict several infringements whereby contradict our notion of civilization. ¿human condition¿ may contribute with the production of knoweledg alike the investigation of others universes from social world / Doutorado / Ensino, Avaliação e Formação de Professores / Doutor em Educação

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The aim of this study was to analyze the common work against prostitution by The Police Authority in Halmstad Municipality. The study is called “If you buy sex in Halmstad, then you can count on getting caught” - Police authorities in Halmstad municipality´s work against prostitution. An in-depth study of the aim is implemented through police conversations and interrogations with foreign prostitutes. The three formulated questions are as follows: 1) What are the Police Authority’s views of the extent of prostitution? 2) How does the Police Authority work against prostitution? 3) How does the police converse and interrogate foreign prostituted women? The theoretical framework of the study is composed by Talcott Parsons structural functionalism AGIL model with the ability to detect problems within organizations goal attainments. Michel Foucault's theory of power that consists of productive power, power of resistance and governmentality has been used in the study to analyze the police’s interrogation. An intersectional perspective has clarified the importance of gender in police interrogations. The empirical data contains eight police participants with different assignments. An hermeneutic method with qualitative research has contributed to the empirical data. The result of the study show that The Police Authority in Halmstad fulfill the goal attainment by finding prostitution and prosecute sex buyers. The police experience that converse with foreign prostituted women are problematic and difficult because of the women's routine behavior in interrogations. It induces difficulties in further investigation against Prostitution and Trafficking.

Tidigare forskning rörande statens reglerande av prostitution har huvudsakligen fokuserats på lagstiftningen, motståndsrörelsen, kvinnans villkor och reglementeringssystemets fall. I uppsatsen undersöks grupperingen av kvinnor som skedde till följd av den statliga kontrollen under 1800-talet. Kvinnor delades upp i privata och offentliga kvinnor - ärbara och fallna. Uppsatsen är en mikrostudie med teoretisk utgångspunkt som grundas i Jansdotters teori kring begreppen privat och offentlig. Mikrostudien är huvudsakligen en fördjupning i otryckt material ur Stockholms stadsarkiv från polismyndighetens prostitutionsavdelning. Uppsatsen utmynnade i följande övergripande frågeställning; Vad var skillnaden på den privata och den offentliga kvinnans roll, anseende och värde i samhället under 1800-talet? Avsikten med mikrostudien har varit att fördjupa sig i faktiska livshändelser, med förhoppningen att bringa ljus till kvinnans olika roller i samhället. Undersökningen ger indikationer på den övergripande forskningsfrågan. Den privata och den offentliga kvinnan hade olika roller, anseende och värde i samhället. Den offentliga kvinnan fick betala ett högt pris på grund av statens kontroll genom att bli fråntagen sin civila identitet och frihet. Kontrollen av den offentliga kvinnan påverkade även de privata kvinnorna, framför allt i arbetarklassen. Det fanns risk för att en privat kvinna som arbetade i offentligheten blev förväxlad med en offentligt prostituerad kvinna, en sådan förväxling och stämpling var inte lockande. / Previous research on the Swedish state's regulation of prostitution has mainly focused on legislation, the resistance movement, women's conditions and the fall of the system of regulated prostitution. The essay aims to investigate the categorization of women that took place because of state control during the 19th century. Women were divided into private and public women - honorable and fallen. The essay is a microstudy with a theoretical basis based on Jansdotter's theory of the concepts private and public. The microstudy is mainly an in-depth study of archive sources from the Stockholm City Archives from the Police Authority's prostitution department. The essay resulted in an overall question; What was the difference between the role, reputation and value of private and public women in society in the 19th century? The intention of the microstudy has been to study in depth actual life events, with the hope of shedding light on the separate roles of women in society. The study gives indications on the overall research question. The private and public women had different roles, reputations and values in society. A heavy burden was put on the public woman with her being stripped of her civil identity and freedom because of the state’s control. The control of public women also affected the private women, especially in the working class. There was a risk that a private woman working in public was confused with a public prostitute woman, such confusion and labelling was not tempting.

This study explores the boundary-work accomplished by seventeen female and male escort workers. Escort work, defined as the acceptance of money for spending time with and offering companionship to others, is not illegal; however, social scientific research indicates that escort workers often engage in paid sexual activity, thus placing their occupation within the realm of prostitution. Previous research indicates that escort workers, subsumed within the highest echelon of the prostitution hierarchy, are less likely than their street and brothel counterparts to report victimization and stigmatization, and are more likely to earn higher wages and use safe-sex practices. In light of these significant variations in work-related experiences, I use the boundaries framework and study boundary-work accomplished by the participants in an attempt to avoid perpetuating negative labels associated with escort work. I define boundary-work as the process by which individuals create symbolic distinctions between themselves and others, and the individualized process of structural boundary negotiation. Individuals play a significant role in the processes of group inclusion and exclusion through the creation of symbolic boundaries; they also must negotiate structural boundaries, such as laws and stereotypical gender roles. Thus: the study of boundary-work provides a means for social scientists to engage in intra- and inter-group comparisons among "deviant" and "non-deviant" individuals. Through in-depth interviews with nine female and eight male escort workers, I identified the symbolic boundaries they used to distinguish themselves from others. In addition to the identification of socio-economic, cultural and moral boundaries used as criteria for inclusion in and exclusion from their personal and professional lives, this study also identifies various strategies used to negotiate one structural boundary: criminal law. In addition, this study provides support for rational choice theory, as all of the participants viewed escort work as a chosen profession, and each participant believed the benefits outweighed the real costs and potential risks associated with escort work. Future research needs to (1) tease out the structural elements of boundary-work, (2) use a measure of relative saliency among symbolic boundaries, and (3) collect data regarding boundary-work accomplished by members of assumed "deviant" and "non-deviant" groups, in order to address basic assumptions of deviance.

En tjock beskrivning av en prostituerad kvinnas liv under och efter den reglementerade prostitutionen i Malmö. / An essay about a Swedish prostitute during the days of the regulated prostitution in Malmö.

The mercenary whore is a recurring character-type in Henry Fielding’s plays and early fictions. This thesis examines Fielding’s representations of the sex-worker in relation to popular eighteenth-century discourses surrounding prostitution reform and the so-called ‘woman question’. Fielding routinely confronted, and at times affronted his audience’s sensibilities toward sexuality, and London’s infamous sex-trade was a particularly contentious issue among the moralists, politicians, and religious zealots of his day. As a writer of stage comedy and satirical fiction, Fielding attempted to laugh his audience into a reformed sensibility toward whoredom. He complicates common perceptions of the whore as a diseased, licentious, and irredeemable social other by exposing the folly, fallibility, and ultimate humanity of the modern sex-worker. By investigating three of Fielding’s stage comedies—"The Covent-Garden Tragedy" (1732), "The Modern Husband" (1734), and "Miss Lucy in Town" (1742)—and two of his early prose satires—"Shamela" (1741) and "Joseph Andrews" (1742)—in relation to broader sociocultural concerns and anxieties surrounding prostitution in eighteenth-century Britain, this thesis locates Fielding’s early humanitarian efforts to engender a reformed paradigm of charitable sympathy for fallen women later championed in his work as a justice and magistrate. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Tidevarvet was a radical, social liberal journal founded by the members of Fogelstadgruppen, having its active time between the years 1923 and 1936. The study aimed to investigate what and how its female writers argued about vagrancy (”lösdriveri”) in the journal during the entire span of its publication. Further, the study also considered change over time as well as whether the articles were uniform in their argumentation or not. To answer these questions an argumentative analysis was applied and used to distinguish the arguments and their accompanying reasoning in 27 articles. The results showed that the women argued for repealing the vagrancy law while advocating for social care and other preventative measures to replace it. Much of the argumentation was based around the law’s lack of effectiveness in combination with its arbitrary nature and judicial unsafety. They also called for increased equality before the law regarding both gender and class. Over time the core values remained the same whilst the argumentation adjusted in correspondence with different legal propositions. In the first article seven tenets were highlighted as central aims for the journal, these recurred throughout the articles to varying degrees but continued being supported. However, beginning in 1929, the argumentation shifted towards more radical in its critique of the vagrancy law. With this background the argumentation could also be described as uniform in its common values and long-term goals. Further investigation into variance in argumentation was however made difficult due to most articles being unsigned.