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1	Aplinkos apsaugos principų įgyvendinimas Lietuvos aplinkosaugos teisėje / Implementation of the environmental protection principles into the legal system in Lithuania Petrikaitė, Eglė 03 June 2014 (has links) Magistro baigiamajame darbe atskleista, išanalizuota, įvertinta apsaugos principų įgyvendinimas teisės aktais, atskleistas aplinkos apsaugos principų turinys ir samprata, išanalizuota kaip aplinkos apsaugos principai įtvirtinti tarptautinės teisės, Europos Sąjungos bei Lietuvos teisės sistemose. Nors aiškaus aplinkos apsaugos principų sąrašo nėra, šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuoti dominuojantys teisės aktuose aplinkos apsaugos principai, kurie teisės mokslininkų yra išskiriami kaip pagrindiniai aplinkos apsaugos principai turintys didelę įtaką visai aplinkos apsaugos politikai bei teisei. Aplinkos apsaugos principai yra pagrindas visos aplinkos apsaugos teisės sistemos, todėl šio darbo iškeltas tikslas- išanalizuoti , kokie aplinkos apsaugos principai labiausiai dominuoja teisės aktuose, apibrėžti šių principų sampratą, turinį, reglamentavimą, nustatyti kokiais teisės aktais ir kaip šie principai yra įgyvendinami Lietuvos aplinkosaugos teisėje. Siekiant darbo tikslo, analizuojama metodinė, norminė, specialioji leteratūra, analizuota teismų praktika. Apibendrinus darbo rezultatus, galima teigti, kad įgyvendinant aplinkos apsaugos principus Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje yra priimami ir keičiami nacionaliniai teisės aktai, priimamos aplinkos apsaugos strategijos, formuojama teismų praktika. Tačiau šiuo metu tiek Europos Sąjungos tiek nacionaliniai teisės aktai yra nesistemingi, dažnai keičiami ir tai sukelia tam tikras ne tik aplinkos apsaugos principų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Currently, the environmental protection is considered to be one of the priorities for national policies and warrants increasing public interest in it and legal regulation. In legal literature it is recognized that the principles are the main provisions on which legal regulation is based and the law is realized. Legal norms are based on these principles they are used in practice of courts when eliminating the conflict of laws and fill in the gaps in law. Therefore, it is obvious that the principles have great importance to the legal system and at the same time to the public relations. Gradually formed principles of environmental protection influenced the content of environmental protection norms and their implementation. Legal norms are implemented on the basis of legal regulation and the legal relations are founded on their basis. Therefore, in this master's work the final implementation of the principles in environmental protection legislation will be analyzed. In view of the fact that international law has priority over national law and the fact that Lithuania is a member of the European Union and the principle of supremacy of Community law therefore is applicable to Lithuanian legal system, the aim of this Master’s thesis is to reveal the content and concept of principles of environmental protection and to analyze how environmental principles are defined in international law, the European Union low and in the legal system of Lithuania. Although there isn`t any clear... [to full text] Law Aplinkos apsauga Principų įgyvendinimas Aplinkos apsaugos principai Environmental protection Implementation of the principles Environmental protection principles
2	EU’s Proposed AI Regulation in the context of Fundamental Rights : Analysing the Swedish approach through the lens of the principles of good administration Yıldız, Melih Burak January 2021 (has links) AI has become one of the most powerful drivers of social change, transforming economies, impacting politics and wars, and reshaping how citizens live and interact. Nevertheless, the implementation of AI can have adverse effects on peoples’ lives. This dissertation first examines the relationship between artificial intelligence and public law, mainly in two domains, administrative law and criminal law. It also provides a clear insight into the potential impact of AI applications on fundamental rights in the legal context of the European Union. Four selected fundamental rights, Human Dignity, Data Protection and Right to Privacy, Equality and Non-discrimination, and Access to Justice, are examined. The dissertation further explores the European Commission's new proposed AI regulation, which was proposed in April 2021. The proposal aims to put forward a risk- based approach for a harmonized EU legislation by considering the ethical and human sides and without unnecessarily restricting the development of AI technologies. The study focuses on examples from Sweden throughout the study and lastly, examines the Swedish approach in the context of the principles of good administration. artificial intelligence artificial intelligence regulation trustworthy artificial intelligence data protection principles fundamental rights good administration Sweden. Law Juridik
3	Ekologinės teisės įgyvendinimo Lietuvoje socialinis veiksmingumas / Social Efficiency of Implementing Environmental Law in Lithuania Smalskienė, Justina 25 February 2010 (has links) Magistro baigiamojo darbas, nagrinėjanti ekologinės teisės įgyvendinimo Lietuvoje socialinį veiksmingumą, yra aktuali, nes ekologinės teisės nuostatos, nors ir pakankamai išsamiai bei kryptingai reglamentuojančios aplinkos apsaugos teisę, dažnai esti mažai veiksmingos. Ekologinės teisės veiksmingumą analizuojant per Nord Stream dujotiekio projekto įgyvendinimo ekologinius aspektus, atskleidžiama daugiausia aplinkos apsaugos reglamentavimo krypčių ir principų. Taip pat pabrėžtina, kad Nord Stream dujotiekio tiesimo problema šiandien yra viena svarbiausių Baltijos jūros regiono valstybių ne tik ekologinių, bet ir politinių, socialinių, ekonominių problemų. Darbo objektas: išanalizuoti ir įvertinti ekologinės teisės normų socialinį veiksmingumą. Tyrimo tikslas: išanalizuoti ir įvertinti ekologinės teisės įgyvendinimo Lietuvoje, kaip tarptautinės ir Europos Sąjungos teisės subjekto, socialinį veiksmingumą. Siekiant išsikelto tikslo, pagrindiniai uždaviniai: įvertinti tarptautinės aplinkos apsaugos politikos veiksmingumą sprendžiant pasaulines aplinkosaugos problemas, išanalizuoti Europos Sąjungos ir Lietuvos aplinkos apsaugos teisės aktų kryptis ir veiksmingumą, įvertinti Nord Stream projekto suderinamumą su tarptautinėmis, Europos Sąjungos, taigi ir Lietuvos aplinkos apsaugos teisės normomis, išanalizuoti Lietuvos veiksmus Nord Stream dujotiekio projekto planavimo procese bei užtikrinant aplinkos apsaugos nuostatų įgyvendinimą. Darbas susideda iš šešių dalių ir iš esmės atitinka... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Master Work, analysing social efficiency of implementing environmental law in Lithuania, is relevant in understanding why environmental laws, though comprehensive and strict, often seem to fail proving their social efficiency. Analysing Nord stream pipeline project, one can reveal any amount of basic environmental principles and guidelines. Also to be emphasized, that Nord Stream project nowadays is one of the most controversial environmental, as well as political, social, economical issue in the Baltic Sea region. The object of the research is to analyse and assess the efficiency of environmental laws. The aim of the research is to analyse and assess the social efficiency of implementing ecological law in Lithuania, as subject of international and EU law. Main tasks in achieving the mentioned aim: to assess the efficiency of international environmental policy solving environmental problems worldwide; to analyse main streams and efficiency of EU and Lithuanian environmental laws; to assess the project of Nord Stream in the context of international and EU, including Lithuanian laws; also to analyse the actions of Lithuania in the process of Nord Stream project planning and ensuring the embodyment of environmental laws. The hypothesis is posed, that international, EU and Lithuanian environmental laws seem not to be effective according to the fact, that states usually follow the criterias of economical and political benefits rather than provisions of environmental law. In this... [to full text] Law Ekologinė (aplinkos apsaugos) teisė Socialinis veiksmingumas Aplinkos apsaugos principai Environmental law Social efficiency Environmental protection principles Implementing environmental law
4	Ecolodge en el desierto de Paracas Vidal Pimentel, Marisol 13 April 2019 (has links) El presente proyecto responde a la necesidad de mantener, conservar y sostener en el tiempo, uno de los destinos naturales de nuestro país, como son las dunas del Desierto de Paracas, cuyo valor se trata de potenciar al crear un Ecolodge con énfasis en la Arquitectura Bioclimática. Paracas, a pesar de ser uno de los destinos preferidos por los turistas nacionales y extranjeros, no cuenta con una capacidad hotelera que pueda satisfacer los nuevos requerimientos en cuanto a hoteles con principios ecológicos. En tal sentido, se plantea un Ecolodge, donde el diseño y elementos constructivos a utilizarse estarán básicamente en función del clima de Paracas que se muestra soleado durante todo el año y acompañado de fuertes vientos. Esta nueva modalidad de hospedaje, se sustenta en principios de conservación y protección del medio ambiente, así como en el mejor aprovechamiento de la energía solar cuyos pilares son la captación, acumulación y distribución eficiente de la energía generada. Se toma en cuenta también el manejo de residuos, y el consumo responsable del agua con la finalidad de poderla reutilizar a través del sistema de riego por goteo, y generando además programas que beneficien directamente al desarrollo de la localidad y sus comunidades. / The purpose of this project is to maintain, preserve, and sustain throughout time, one of the main ecotourism destinations in our country, such as the Paracas Desert dunes. We aim to increase the value of this location through the development of an Ecolodge, with a focus on Bioclimatic Architecture. Given that Paracas is one of the preferred destinations by both foreign and local tourists, its main issue revolves around the lack of hotels that can satisfy new requirements in terms of ecological principles. In this context, raices the idea of an Ecolodge, where the design and building materials used will be selected in accordance with the Paracas climate, which is comprised of year-long sunshine accompanied by strong winds. The new hospitality approach is based upon conservation and environmental protection principles, as well as an improved use of solar energy, whose pillars include the collection, accumulation, and efficient distribution of energy. Waste management and responsible consumption of water is taken into account as well, with the purpose of re-utilizing water via a drip irrigation system. Finally, the strategy will ultimately generate programs that will directly benefit the development of local communities. / Tesis Destinos naturales del Perú Hoteles con principios ecológicos Arquitectura bioclimática Principios de conservación Protección del medio ambiente Main ecotourism destinations in Perú Hotels with ecological principles Bioclimatic architecture Conservation and environmental Protection principles
5	Försäkringsskydd för skadeståndsansvar vid dataskyddsöverträdelser : En undersökning av försäkringsvillkorens omfattning och eventuella begränsningar i förhållande till art. 82 GDPR och grupptalan / Insurance coverage for liability in case of data protection breaches : An investigation into the extent and potential limitations of insurance terms in relation to art. 82 GDPR and class action lawsuits Nahlbom, Robin January 2024 (has links) I uppsatsen utreds försäkringsskyddet för skadeståndsansvar vid dataskyddsöverträdelser. GDPR är den centrala regleringen för personuppgiftsbehandling och fastställer ett antal principer som måste upprätthållas för att den ansvarige ska få behandla personuppgifter. Bryter den ansvarige mot förordningens principer har den registrerade rätt att kräva skadestånd enligt art. 82.1 GDPR. Förordningen fastställer tre kumulativa krav som måste vara uppfyllda för att skadeståndsskyldighet ska föreligga. Det innefattar att en överträdelse av GDPR har skett, att materiell eller immateriell skada till följd av denna överträdelse har uppstått och att det föreligger ett orsakssamband mellan skadan och överträdelsen. Förordningen innehåller även en bestämmelse som tar över medlemsstaternas nationella skadeståndsrättsliga bestämmelser, vilket innebär att GDPR ska tillämpas enligt sin ordalydelse och att de kumulativa kraven enligt art. 82.1 GDPR måste följas. Det innebär att nationella skadeståndsrättsliga begrepp inte bör jämställas med begrepp som framgår av art. 82.1 GDPR eftersom begreppen har tillkommit i en helt annan kontext. Exempelvis översätts i vissa fall materiella och immateriella skador till ekonomiska och ideella skador. Begreppen är inte synonyma och bör inte tillställas samma betydelse eftersom terminologin i art. 82.1 GDPR kan misstolkas. Försäkringsvillkoren som reglerar skadeståndsskyldigheten för dataskyddsöverträdelser och som även hänvisar till art. 82.1 GDPR, innehåller i vissa fall nationella skadeståndsrättsliga begrepp och även andra begrepp som inte framgår av förordningen. Det kan leda till att kongruensen mellan villkorens utformning och förordningens ordalydelse medför tolkningsproblematik vid bedömning om skadeståndsskyldighet föreligger. Därför bör försäkringsvillkoren endast innehålla sådan terminologi som framgår av art. 82.1 GDPR. Dataskyddsöverträdelser medför oftast att en stor grupp människor lider skada varför förordningen tillåter registrerade att föra grupptalan med hjälp av en ideell organisation enligt art. 80 GDPR. Teoretiskt sett kan skadeståndsbeloppen bli högre än försäkringsbeloppen varför det i sådana fall saknas ett försäkringsskydd för grupptalan för den personuppgiftsansvarige. Försäkringsvillkoren anger däremot ingenting om att försäkringen inte täcker ett sådant anspråk. Därmed ställs försäkringsbolagen inför utmaningen att hantera sådana anspråk, varför försäkringen bör uppdateras för att möta skadestånd i en grupptalan vid dataskyddsöverträdelser. / The essay investigates insurance coverage for liability for damages in the event of data protection breaches. GDPR is the central regulation for the processing of personal data and establishes a number of principles that must be upheld for the data controller to process personal data. If the data controller breaches the principles of the regulation, the data subject has the right to claim damages under Art. 82.1 GDPR. The regulation sets out three cumulative requirements that must be met for liability for damages to arise. This includes that a breach of the GDPR has occurred, that material or immaterial damage as a result of this breach has arisen, and that there is a causal link between the damage and the breach. The regulation also includes a provision that supersedes the national tort law provisions of Member States, which means that the GDPR shall be applied according to its wording and that the cumulative requirements under Art. 82.1 GDPR must be followed. This means that national tort law concepts should not be equated with concepts as set out in Art. 82.1 GDPR as the concepts have arisen in a completely different context. For example, in some cases, material and immaterial damages are translated into economic and non-economic damages. The concepts are not synonymous and should not be attributed the same meaning as the terminology in Art. 82.1 GDPR can be misinterpreted. The insurance terms and conditions that regulate liability for damages in the event of data protection breaches and also refer to Art. 82.1 GDPR, in some cases contain national tort law concepts and other concepts that are not evident in the regulation. This may lead to a lack of congruence between the wording of the terms and conditions and the wording of the regulation, resulting in interpretation issues when assessing whether liability for damages exists. Therefore, the insurance terms and conditions should only contain terminology as set out in Art. 82.1 GDPR. Data protection breaches usually result in harm to a large group of people, which is why the regulation allows data subjects to bring a collective action with the assistance of a not-for-profit organization under Art. 80 GDPR. Theoretically, damages awarded may exceed insurance coverage, which means there is no insurance coverage for collective actions for the data controller in such cases. However, the insurance terms and conditions do not specify that the insurance does not cover such a claim. Therefore, insurance companies are faced with the challenge of handling such claims, which is why the insurance should be updated to cover damages in a collective action in the event of data protection breaches. GDPR General Data Protection Regulation protection Insurances breach insurance Class action lawsuit terms and conditions Personal data Personal data protection Registered Privacy protection Insurance coverage sum insured Damages compensation Tort law Material damages Immaterial damages Violation Economic loss Insurance company European Union Personal Data Act Data integrity Confidentiality Confidentiality protection Information protection Personal data protection Insurance contract Liability for damages Data controller DPO Data processor Compensation for damages Claim for damages Insurance coverage Principles Data protection principles Compliance Insurance compensation Tort law Regulation Directive Law Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection Data protection officer European Data Protection Board Article 29 workgroup Article Article 82 Data controller responsibility Sanctions Administrative fines Data Protection Directive Artikel 82 GDPR Dataskydd Försäkring Försäkringar Databrottsförsäkring Grupptalan Försäkringsvillkor Personuppgift Personuppgifter Personuppgiftsskydd Registrerad Registrerade Integritetsskydd Försäkringsbelopp Skadestånd Skadeståndslag Materiell Immateriell Kränkning Förmögenhetsskada Försäkringsbolag Dataskyddsförordningen EU Personuppgiftslag Dataintegritet Sekretess Sekretessskydd Informationsskydd Personuppgiftsskydd Försäkringsavtal Skadeståndsskyldighet Skadeståndsansvar Personuppgiftsansvarig Personuppgiftsbiträde Skadeståndsersättning Skadeståndskrav Försäkringsskydd Principer Dataskyddsprinciper Regelefterlevnad Försäkringsersättning Skadeståndslagen Förordning Direktiv Lag Integritetsskyddsmyndigheten IMY Dataskyddsombud Data EDPB Artikel 82 Personuppgiftsansvar Sanktioner Sanktionsavgifter Dataskyddsdirektivet DPO Artikel 82 GDPR Artikel 82 Europeiska unionen Law and Society Juridik och samhälle

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