In Sweden, threats and violence has become a serious psychosocial work environment problem within the workplaces of health and social care. Several studies show the need to pay attention to how the workers psychosocial work environment is affected by the risk of threats and violence. Women are more exposed of threats and violence because the professions were most women work, the threats and violence occur. The purpose of this study is to investigate what legal obligations the employer holds to prevent threats and violence in the working environment and what consequences it can have if the employer does not fulfill these obligations. For a deeper knowledge in threats and violence as a psychosocial work environment problem other factors that can affect are included. To fulfill the purpose and answer the research questions in this study the doctrinal method is used to describe, systematize and interpret the legislation, case law and literature.   The results of this study show that the legal actions that the employer is obliged to take is far-reaching. The preventive work is central considering the psychosocial work environment were threats and violence occur. If the employer fails to take the actions that is obliged there are different legal consequences depending on what type of actions the employer, deliberately or accidently, failed to take. Due to the extent of threats and violence in health and social care and some differences in the formulation of the legislation, future studies would be required to investigate if the legislation on this matter is enough.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-15T13:29:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 maisadasilvacorocher.pdf: 1499164 bytes, checksum: fbdc88a2ff675beb52891e6360badfb3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T15:15:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 maisadasilvacorocher.pdf: 1499164 bytes, checksum: fbdc88a2ff675beb52891e6360badfb3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T15:15:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maisadasilvacorocher.pdf: 1499164 bytes, checksum: fbdc88a2ff675beb52891e6360badfb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-21 / A dissertação, desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAED/UFJF), aborda a temática do absenteísmo por adoecimento docente. Este estudo se justifica pelo elevado número de professores que buscam o Programa de Atendimento Psicossocial dos Servidores da Educação (PAPSE) do Estado do Amazonas, apresentando quadro de estresse, sinais de depressão e falta de ânimo para continuar exercendo a docência. A pesquisa objetiva compreender os desafios que envolvem a redução do absenteísmo docente por adoecimento na rede estadual de ensino do Amazonas e contribuir com ações efetivas, a partir do aprimoramento do PAPSE. Para atingir esse propósito, adotou-se a metodologia de base qualitativa, com uso de instrumentos como a entrevista semiestruturada com dois professores, dois técnicos do PAPSE, com o diretor do Departamento de Gestão de Pessoas e com a responsável pela Gerência de Promoção e Valorização do Servidor. Além disso, foi feita a análise documental de fichas de atendimentos, com laudos médicos de 2015 e 2016, dos servidores atendidos nesta gerência. A fundamentação teórica foi formada por autores como Holanda (1999); Chiavenato (2014); Gesqui (2008); Silva (2014); Vilela e Coelho (2006); Zaponi e Silva (2007); Strierd (2009); Gouvêa (2016); Ozólio et al. (2015), que abordaram o conceito, as causas e as consequências do absenteísmo. A partir da análise documental de 605 fichas de atendimentos, das quais 419 eram de professores e 186 dos demais cargos, apurou-se que 268 docentes se afastaram do trabalho por motivo de saúde, sendo que 49 dos laudos médicos apresentaram o Código Internacional de Doença (CID 10), Episódios Depressivos e Transtornos Ansiosos, identificados como F (F31, F32, F33, F41, F43, entre outros). Além disso, a análise dos dados, obtidos por meio das entrevistas com os professores envolvidos neste estudo, revelou a falta de condições de trabalho em sala de aula e a relação destas com o processo de adoecimento vivenciado por estes profissionais. Ademais, ela também apontou a dificuldade das escolas lidarem com o adoecimento docente por transtornos, além da necessidade de o PAPSE investir em ações preventivas e colaborativas. Nesse sentido, o Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE), que parte dos resultados da pesquisa em que se verificou as patologias que mais afetam os docentes, busca atender às necessidades das escolas, em relação à permanência desses professores em sala de aula em condições satisfatórias de saúde, por meio de ações integradas e na perspectiva do coletivo. São quatro ações propostas que serão realizadas no âmbito escolar pela equipe técnica do programa, a saber: a) Encontro com as Coordenadorias e gestores escolares; b) Formação de gestores; c) Fortalecimento de parcerias com os CAPS (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial), CERESTE (Centro de Referência da Saúde do Trabalhador) e demais instituições envolvidas com a saúde do trabalhador; e d) a Construção de um Plano de Ação que se configure como instrumento de apoio para aprimorar as ações do PAPSE na redução do absenteísmo por adoecimento docente. / The dissertation developed in the scope of the Professional Master in Management and Evaluation of Education (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policies and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAED / UFJF) addresses the issue of absenteeism due to teacher illness. This study is justified by the high number of teachers who seek the Program of Psychosocial Attendance of the Servants of Education (PAPSE) of the State of Amazonas, presenting a picture of stress, signs of depression and without the need to continue teaching. The aim of this research is to understand the challenges involved in reducing teacher absenteeism due to illness in the state education system of the Amazon and to contribute to effective actions based on the improvement of the PAPSE. To achieve this purpose, the qualitative methodology was adopted with the use of instruments such as the semi-structured interview with two teachers, two PAPSE technicians, the director of the Personnel Management Department and the person responsible for the Management of Promotion and Valorization of Server and the documentary analysis of records of attendance, with medical reports of 2015 and 2016, of the servers served in this management. The theoretical foundation was formed by authors like Holanda (1999); Chiavenato (2014); Gesqui (2008); Silva (2014); Vilela e Coelho (2006); Zaponi e Silva (2007); Strierd (2009); Gouvêa (2016); Ozólio et al. (2015) that addressed the concept, causes and consequences of absenteeism. From the documentary analysis of 605 records of attendance, of which 419 were teachers and 186 of the other positions, it was found that 268 teachers left work for health reasons, and 49 of the medical reports presented the International Code of Disease ( ICD 10), Depressive Episodes and Anxious Disorders, identified as F (F31, F32, F33, F41, F43 among others). As for the analysis of the data obtained through the interviews with the teachers involved in this study, they revealed the lack of working conditions in the classroom and their relation with the process of illness experienced by these professionals, besides pointing out the difficulty of the schools to deal with with the teacher sickness due to disorders, besides the need for the PAPSE to invest in preventive and collaborative actions. In this sense, the Educational Action Plan (PAE), which starts from the results of the research where the pathologies that most affect the teachers are verified, seeks to meet the needs of the schools in relation to the permanence of these teachers in the classroom in satisfactory conditions of health by means of integrated actions and in the perspective of the collective. There are four proposed actions that will be carried out at school by the technical team of the program, namely: Meeting with the Coordinators and school managers; Training of managers; Strengthening of partnerships with CAPS (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial), CERESTE (Reference Center for Worker's Health) and other institutions involved with worker's health; and the Construction of an Action Plan that is configured as a support tool to improve the actions of the PAPSE in reducing absenteeism due to illness.

I dagens samhälle ökar sjukskrivningarna i väldigt hög takt vilket skapar ekonomiska konsekvenser för samhället. Framförallt ökar de psykosociala sjukskrivningarna vilket denna studie har tagit sikte på och utgår ifrån. Den teoretiska ram och utgångspunkt som ligger till grund för denna undersökning är Antonovskys Känsla av sammanhang, KASAM. Den här studien ämnar undersöka anställdas Känsla av sammanhang och hur den psykosociala arbetsmiljön påverkar Känslan av sammanhang genom att besvara två frågeställningar; Hur upplever de anställda sin egen Känsla av sammanhang? och Hur påverkar den psykosociala arbetsmiljön Känslan av sammanhang? Den tidigare forskning som presenteras i uppsatsen behandlar olika aspekter av psykosocial hälsa och arbetsmiljö samt tidigare studier om KASAM. Studiens empiri samlades in genom kvantitativ metod i form av en webbenkät som 77 personer svarade på. Resultatet av studien visar att det tycks finnas ett signifikant samband mellan en god psykosocial arbetsmiljö och Känslan av sammanhang. Medarbetare som upplever att de har en god psykosocial arbetsmiljö tycks också ha en högre Känsla av sammanhang.

Bakgrund: Vård- och omsorgsyrken står för 20% av alla sjukskrivningar i Sverige. En studie gjord bland barnmorskor i Sverige fann att mer än en tredjedel av barnmorskorna upplevde utbrändhet i någon form. Forskning har påvisat att psykosocial arbetsmiljö har betydelse för utfallet av hälsa. Syfte: Att kartlägga självskattad psykosocial arbetsmiljö och hälsa bland barnmorskor som arbetar inom förlossningsvården i Sverige, samt undersöka samband mellan arbetsmiljöfaktorer och upplevd hälsa. Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie utfördes våren 2017, där enkäten QPS Nordic 34+ och en kompletterande fråga om hälsa användes. Fyrtiosex barnmorskor från fyra olika förlossningsavdelningar deltog i studien. Resultat: Barnmorskorna uppgav höga arbetskrav och låg kontroll över arbetstakt, arbetsmängd och när de kunde ta paus i arbetet. Majoriteten skattade att arbetet innebar positiva utmaningar och att de i hög grad fick hjälp och stöd av varandra. Hälsan skattade 25,5% som någorlunda eller dålig och 34% rapporterade höga nivåer av stress. Det fanns ett samband (Spearman´s rho 0,569 p = <0,001) mellan hälsa och stress, de som skattade hälsan sämre skattade även högre grad av stress. Konklusion: Det fanns både styrkor och brister i barnmorskornas psykosociala arbetsmiljö på förlossningsavdelningarna. För att förbättra hälsa bland barnmorskor inom förlossningsvården är det viktigt att reducera stressen.

Den psykosociala arbetsmiljön är något som berör och påverkar alla distriktssköterskor oberoende av arbetsplats. Under en längre period har det skett neddragningar inom vården samtidigt som patienterna varken blir färre eller mindre sjuka. Att arbeta under tidspress en längre period påverkar individen negativt både fysiskt och psykiskt och kan leda till sjukskrivningar eller att distriktssköterskor lämnar yrket. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns skillnader i den psykosociala arbetsmiljön utifrån antalet yrkesverksamma år som distriktssköterska eller beroende på arbetsplats. Finns det skillnader inom de åtta områden som i enkäten utgör den psykosociala arbetsmiljön utifrån antalet yrkesverksamma år som distriktssköterska eller beroende på arbetsplats? Finns det någon enskild utmärkande fråga inom de åtta områdena? Studien utfördes som en tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Datan samlades in i form av en webbenkät med 143 svar från distriktssköterskor runt om i landet. Resultatet visar inga signifikanta skillnader utifrån yrkesverksamma år som distriktssköterska, däremot finns det signifikans på frågeområdena handlingsutrymme och återhämtning utifrån vilken arbetsplats deltagarna jobbade på. Störst skillnad förekommer mellan skola och vårdcentral. Slutsatsen är att många distriktssköterskor är nöjda med sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö men att det troligen är andra faktorer som i högre grad är påverkande. Mot bakgrund av stickprovets begränsade storlek, så bör föreliggande studie betraktas som en pilotstudie. Det är önskvärt att den följs upp av en mer omfattande studie där en större del av landet täcks in. Man kan trots detta slå fast att det är av vikt att den psykosociala arbetsmiljön ständigt beaktas och förbättras då ett sunt arbetsliv ger förutsättningar för en hållbar utveckling både på individnivå och samhällsnivå. / All public health nurses are affected by the psychosocial work environment. Public health care has suffered budget cuts for several years while the patients have neither become healthier nor fewer. Working under pressure for an extended period has negative effects on employees’ physical and mental state and can lead to increased sick leave or nurses choosing different career paths. The aim of the study was to investigate if there are differences in the psychosocial work environment in regard to the workplace or how many years one has been working as a public health nurse? Are there differences concerning the eight areas that were studied, regarding the psychosocial work environment in relation to the workplace as well as how many years one has been working as a public health nurse? Are there particular questions in these eight areas that deviate? The method used was a quantitative cross-sectional study. Data was gathered using a web enquiry including 143 public health nurses from all across Sweden. The result did not show any significant difference in regard to years of experience as a public health nurse, but it did show that the working place was a significant factor where two of the eight areas deviated from the other in “freedom of action” and “recovery”. The biggest differences were found between schools and health centrals.The conclusion is that many public health nurses are satisfied with their psychosocial work environment and that there are probably other factors that are more influential. In view of the limited size of the sample, the present study should be considered as a pilot study. It is desirable that it be followed up by a more comprehensive study covering a larger part of the country. Nevertheless, it can be stated that it is still important to highlight that more efforts are needed to improve the psychosocial work environment considering that a healthy working life is the key behind a sustainable development of both individuals and society.

Organizations within the field of social work readily use systematic and technical tools in order to manage risk and safety when operating in a preventative work manner. The approach taken when managing both risk and safety is largely informed by an instrumental perspective. The relational factor to be considered here is co-worker support and its relevance in social workers' psychosocial work environments. However, this factor is not as clearly visible in risk prevention work ongoing in social work organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the significance of co-worker support and its impact on social workers' psychosocial work environments. The main research questions are: What does co-worker support consists of? What factors are needed to create co-worker support? Finally, what is the significance co-worker support has on social workers' psychosocial work environments?  The results show that co-worker support is significant in social workers' psychosocial work environments as it leads to better work outcomes and working efficiency. Furthermore, social workers within organizations with greater co-worker support experienced a higher degree of job satisfaction and positive health outcomes. What became clear is that organizational leadership and managers are responsible for creating a psychosocial work environment where the conditions necessary to create co-worker support are present.

Denna studie har som syfte att fördjupa förståelsen gällande arbetstagares upplevelser av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön vid distansarbete. För att uppfylla syftet har följande frågeställningar använts: - Hur upplever intervjupersonerna yrkesutövningen vid distansarbete? - Hur upplever intervjupersonerna samarbetet med kollegor vid distansarbete? - Vilka fördelar respektive nackdelar kan identifieras med distansarbetet utifrån intervjupersonernas upplevelser?  Studien bygger på åtta kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med individer som arbetar på distans men har tidigare arbetat heltid i en kontorsmiljö. För att fördjupa förståelsen av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön under distansarbete har krav-kontroll-stödmodellen av Karasek och Theorell (1990) samt fenomenet gränslöst arbete använts för analys av den insamlade empirin. Även tidigare forskning inom ämnena psykosocial arbetsmiljö, samarbete samt för- och nackdelar med anknytning till distansarbete.  Resultatet visar att det finns både positiva och negativa psykosociala aspekter genom implementeringen av distansarbete. De positiva aspekterna är främst flexibilitet i form av möjligheterna att individuellt styra över sin arbetsdag, ökad produktivitet och tidssparande. De negativa aspekterna är främst brister i kommunikationen, vilket har en negativ effekt på samarbete och arbetets utförande. Det påverkar även känslan av samhörighet samt stödet från kollegor och chefer. Det tenderar att leda till upplevelser av ökade arbetskrav samt känslor av social isolering. Vidare framkommer det att distansarbetet är uppskattat av intervjupersonerna och något som de vill fortsätta med även i framtiden. / The purpose of this study is do deepen the understanding of employees’ experiences of the psychosocial work environment during teleworking. To fulfill the purpose, the following questions have been used: - How do the interviewees experience the practice of teleworking? -How do the interviewees experience the collaboration with colleagues in telework? -What advantages and disadvantages can be identified with the telework based on the interviewees’ experiences?  The study is based on eight qualitative semi-structured interviews with individuals who work remotely but have previously worked full-time in an office environment. To deepen the understanding of the psychosocial work environment during telework, the requirements-control-support model of Karasek and Theorell (1990) and the phenomenon of boundless work have been used for analysis of the collected empirical data. Also previous research in the subjects psychosocial work environment, collaboration and advantages and disadvantages related to teleworking.  The results show that there are both positive and negative psychosocial aspects through the implementation of telework. The positive aspects are mainly flexibility in the form of the opportunities to individually control their working day, increased productivity, and time savings. The negative aspects are mainly shortcomings in communication, which has a negative effect on cooperation and the execution of the work. It also affects the sense of belonging and the support from colleagues and managers. It tends to lead to experiences of increased work demands as well as feelings of social isolation. Furthermore, it appears that the telework is appreciated by the interviewees and something that they want to continue with in the future.

Problemformulering: Flexibelt arbete har blivit allt vanligare i arbetslivet, vilket innebär att enskilda medarbetare har ökat inflytande över när, var och hur de utför sitt arbete. Flexibelt arbete har visats kunna påverka medarbetares psykosociala arbetsmiljö såväl positivt som negativt vilket gör att tillväxten av flexibelt arbete ställer högre krav på- och bidrar till nya utmaningar för chefer, inte minst vad gäller det psykosociala arbetsmiljöarbetet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att studera chefers upplevelser av att leda det psykosociala arbetsmiljöarbetet i organisationer med flexibelt arbete. Metod: För att besvara syftet har en kvalitativ metod med en induktiv ansats tillämpats. Data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer där nio chefer inom kommunal verksamhet intervjuades. Intervjuerna transkriberades och materialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, med manifest tolkning. Resultat och slutsats: Analysen resulterade i fyra huvudkategorier med sammanlagt tretton underkategorier. Flexibelt arbete bidrar med en rad chefs- och ledarskapsutmaningar kopplade till det psykosociala arbetsmiljöarbetet. Trots detta var inställningen till flexibelt arbete i huvudsak positiv bland cheferna, vilket i stor utsträckning berodde på de övervägande positiva effekterna flexibelt arbete visat sig ha på medarbetare och deras välmående. Därför dras slutsatsen att de chefs- och ledarskapsutmaningar som identifierats i studien kompenseras av de positiva effekter flexibelt arbete har på medarbetare, vilket är gynnsamt för ett hållbart psykosocialt arbetsmiljöarbete. / Aim: The aim of the study was to study managers' experiences of leading the psychosocial work environment work in organizations with flexible work.  Method: To answer the purpose, a qualitative method with an inductive approach has been applied. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews where nine managers in municipal operations were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and the material was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis, with manifest interpretation.   Results and conclusion: The analysis resulted in four main categories with a total of thirteen subcategories. The results showed that flexible work contributes to managerial and leadership challenges linked to psychosocial work environment work. Despite this, attitudes towards flexible working were generally positive among managers, largely due to the predominantly positive effects flexible working was shown to have on employees and their well-being. Therefore, it is concluded that the managerial and leadership challenges identified in the study are compensated by the positive effects flexible working has on employees and their well-being, which is favorable for sustainable psychosocial work environment work.

In manufacturing, emerging digital technologies related to industry 4.0 are playing an assisting role for operators, and just as in previous industrial revolutions the paradigm for operators in the industry is changing. This study has two key goals. The first is to look into the impact of the worker's psychosocial impacts under the operator 4.0 typologies during assembly, training, and maintenance operations, and the second is to look into the potential changes in the operator framework as the industry progresses from 4.0 to 5.0. This study proposed a theoretical framework for assessing psychosocial impacts in operator 4.0 typologies. The proposed framework can be utilized by the company managers, researchers, production engineers, and human resource personnel for the psychosocial risk assessment of the operators in assembly, training, and maintenance operations as self-report questionnaires. This study employed a systematic literature review strategy to answer the study objectives. The findings reveal that the nature of work, the social and organizational environment of work, and individual impacts are all key categories, that might impact operators’ psychosocial environments in assembly, training, and maintenance operations under the operator 4.0 typologies.This study focuses on determining the psychosocial consequences of the operator 4.0 typologies and helps the operators to become more aware, and equipment designers should consider operator psychosocial work conditions when designing new augmented equipment for assisting operators in the work environment. Most advanced technologies are unfamiliar to operators, and they have exhibited a reluctance to accept new technology because it significantly changes their working environment. Which necessitates the training and awareness of operators regarding advanced technologies. Operator 4.0 typologies were introduced with a vision to create a socially sustainable environment for operators. However, the identified psychosocial impacts make it favorable and unfavorable to the operators.

The aim of this study was to scrutinize the existing barriers within psychosocial cancer care, through the cancer centers point of view. A literature review was conducted, resulting in ten peer-reviewed articles, to further investigate the psychosocial cancer care in the Western part of the world by assessing existing barriers to effective psychosocial work, and improvements needed for cancer centers to be able to offer aqequate care to patients and their loved ones. The result of the study was divided into sub-themes and revealed four main barriers: Lack of routines and structure within the psychosocial cancer care; ; Lack of understanding and knowledge of the importance of psychosocial work in cancer care among medical staff; Inadequate resources to carry out psychosocial work in terms of Lack of time, staff and economy; and lastly; Lack of access to and understanding of the importance of culture specific and multilingual cancer care. The result of the study was analyzed bearing reference to Michael Lipskys theory of street-level bureaucracy. It appears that the psychosocial worker is obliged to take on two incompatible professional roles; Firstly, a patient-centered role and secondly, a loyal role towards the organization. As a consequence, these two incompatibilities tend to impact the self-regard of the psychosocial worker. In conclusion, psychosocial cancer care needs increased resources, and the benefit of closer professional collaboration between the medical cancer staff and the psychosocial cancer staff needs to be emphasized. Furthermore, awareness of the deficient conditions under which the psychosocial work is organized, need to be brought to the top management. This may allow the psychosocial cancer care to improve over time; and further facilitate psychosocial workers' abilities of administering equal and confident psychosocial cancercare. / Syftet med studien var att öka kunskapen om de hinder som existerar för den psykosociala yrkesutövningen inom cancervården. Genom en kunskapsöversikt där tio artiklar inkluderats, har det psykosociala yrkesutövandet inom cancervården i västvärlden undersökts utifrån cancerbehandlares perspektiv; vilka brister som syns i den psykosociala cancervården och vad som behöver förbättras för att kunna erbjuda den vård som lever upp till de behov som finns. Studiens resultat har tematiserats och analyserats med hjälp av Lipskys gräsrotsbyråkratiska teori. Resultaten visar att den psykosociala cancervården präglas av fyra brister; bristfälliga rutiner och avsaknad av struktur i den psykosociala vården, bristfällig psykosocial utbildning och kunskap hos medicinsk vårdpersonal, tids-, personal- och ekonomiska brister för det psykosociala arbetet samt brist på språk- och kulturanpassad psykosocial vård. Det framkommer att den psykosociala yrkesutövaren behöver inta två oförenliga roller i sitt arbete, dels att företräda patienten, dels att vara lojal gentemot sin organisation. Detta skapar otydlighet hos den psykosociala yrkesutövaren och kan även påverka dennes självbild. Utifrån studiens resultat, samt med hjälp av tidigare forskning, blir det tydligt att den psykosociala cancervården är i behov av ökade resurser, tätare samarbete och gemenskap med övrig medicinsk vårdpersonal. Dessutom behöver det psykosociala arbetet inom cancervården mobiliseras och organiseras för att lyfta yrkesområdets bristfälligheter, för att förändring ska kunna träda i kraft på en högre nivå. Detta för att kunna fortsätta leverera jämlik och trygg cancervård.