Usability testing is a method to evaluate a product. One way to measure usability is by using questionnaires. A questionnaire consists of a set of questions/statements designed to collect information from the respondent about usability, user satisfaction, knowledge, attitudes, opinions, behaviors, facts, and other information.  This thesis on Usability questionnaire mainly focuses on different types of usability questionnaires, their reliability and what they are supposed to measure. It gives an overall view of the usability questionnaire and discusses three research questions in detailed. In this thesis Kitchenham’s Systematic review is followed in the process of extraction of relevant literature on the topic.  Databases like ACM, Inspec are used to make Search queries on the topic and validation on the literature is performed using Cohen’s kappa value. Finally, data is synthesized and extracted from the databases.

The problem considered involved assessing willingness of educators to participate in a study offering monetary incentives. Determination of willingness was implemented by sending educators a packet requesting return of a postcard to indicate willingness to participate. The purpose was twofold: to determine the effect of a monetary incentive upon willingness of educators to participate in a research study, and to analyze implications for mail questionnaire studies. A sample of 600 educators was chosen from directories of eleven public schools in north Texas. It included equal numbers of male and female teachers and male and female administrators. Subjects were assigned to one of twelve groups. No two from a school were assigned to different levels of the inducement variable.

I detta arbete undersöks vad pedagogerna i förskolan har för kunskap och intresse gällande biologi, samt hur de arbetar med ämnet i verksamheten. För att få svar på dessa frågeställningar i studien har metoden enkäter använts, där sammanlagt 88 pedagoger deltog i undersökningen. De fick frågor om sin egen inställning till biologi och hur de arbetar med ämnet. Resultatet visade att ungefär hälften av respondenterna uppgav att de inte arbetade med alla områden inom biologi den pågående terminen, fokuset var främst på djur och natur. Det var viktigt för respondenterna att utgå från barnens intresse, samtidigt som det fanns ett fokus på vad de själva var intresserade av och hade kunskap kring. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the preschool teachers knowledge and interest in biology and how they teach the subject. To answer my questions in this study, I used the survey questionnaire. A total of 88 preschool teachers responded to the survey. They answered questions about their own views regarding biology and how they teach the topic. Results showed that approximately half of the participants mentioned that they did not teach, in equal terms, all areas of biology, the focus was primarily on the areas of animals and nature. It was important for the teachers to consider the children’s interest, and they focus on what they themselves were interested in and had knowledge about.

I detta arbete undersöks vad pedagogerna i förskolan har för kunskap och intresse gällande biologi, samt hur de arbetar med ämnet i verksamheten. För att få svar på dessa frågeställningar i studien har metoden enkäter använts, där sammanlagt 88 pedagoger deltog i undersökningen. De fick frågor om sin egen inställning till biologi och hur de arbetar med ämnet. Resultatet visade att ungefär hälften av respondenterna uppgav att de inte arbetade med alla områden inom biologi den pågående terminen, fokuset var främst på djur och natur. Det var viktigt för respondenterna att utgå från barnens intresse, samtidigt som det fanns ett fokus på vad de själva var intresserade av och hade kunskap kring. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the preschool teachers knowledge and interest in biology and how they teach the subject. To answer my questions in this study, I used the survey questionnaire. A total of 88 preschool teachers responded to the survey. They answered questions about their own views regarding biology and how they teach the topic. Results showed that approximately half of the participants mentioned that they did not teach, in equal terms, all areas of biology, the focus was primarily on the areas of animals and nature. It was important for the teachers to consider the children’s interest, and they focus on what they themselves were interested in and had knowledge about.

Abstract The study had two phases. The aim of the first phase was to describe and explain the quality of counselling as assessed by patients and nursing staff. The aim of the second phase was to define the concept of counselling and to test its structure. The data of the first phase of the study was gathered by postal survey from patients (n = 844) and nursing staff (n = 916) in Oulu university hospital. In the analysis, basic and multiple variable methods and content analysis was used. The results yielded a theme for further study for the second phase of the study. During the second phase, the concept of counselling was defined by concept analysis. The structure of the concept of counselling was tested with the aid of confirmatory factor analysis using data of the first phase (n = 844) of the study as data. The results of the first and second phase of the study were combined into a hypothetical counselling quality model. The resources available for counselling were relatively good but the time was insufficient. Nursing staff's counselling knowledge and skills were relatively good. Patients regarded the attitudes of the nursing staff as partly negative. Of the different counselling methods, individual oral counselling was the only on which the staff had good command. One in three patients received no written counselling material. In addition, one in five patients considered that counselling was not patient-centred. Interactivity was well implemented. However, before coming to the hospital, patients did not receive sufficient counselling on matters related to their illness and its treatment. During their stay at hospital, counselling on social support was insufficient. Counselling had little or no impact on one in three patients. Counselling had the least effect on the receipt of information by relatives. As a whole, patients did however consider counselling as being good. Counselling was defined as an action linked to the context, i.e. the background, of the patient and the nursing staff that was based on interaction, active and goal-oriented. According to the hypothetical model developed, the quality of counselling meant that counselling is based on the professional responsibility of the nursing staff, action linked to the context, i.e. the background, of the patient and the nursing staff that is based on interaction, active and goal-oriented, implemented with appropriate resources, sufficient and has an impact. The results of the study can be used in counselling theory formulation, improvement of counselling quality and in basic and continuing nursing education. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus oli kaksivaiheinen. Ensimmäisen vaiheen tarkoituksena oli kuvailla ja selittää ohjauksen laatua potilaiden ja hoitohenkilöstön arvioimana. Tutkimuksen toisen vaiheen tarkoituksena oli määritellä ohjaus-käsite ja testata käsitteen rakenne. Tutkimuksen ensimmäisen vaiheen aineisto kerättiin tätä tutkimusta varten kehitetyillä mittareilla postikyselynä Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan potilailta (n = 844) ja hoitohenkilöstöltä (n = 916). Aineiston analyysissä käytettiin perus- ja monimuuttujamenetelmiä sekä sisällönanalyysiä. Tulokset tuottivat jatkotutkimusaiheen tutkimuksen toiseen vaiheeseen. Tutkimuksen toisessa vaiheessa ohjaus-käsite määriteltiin käsiteanalyysillä, jonka aineisto kerättiin harkinnanvaraisesti Medline-, Cinahl- ja Medic-tietokannoista (n = 32) ja käsihakuina yleisteoksista (n = 6). Aineisto analysoitiin induktiivisella sisällönanalyysillä. Analyysin tuloksena määriteltiin ohjaus-käsite. Teoreettisen käsitteenmuodostuksen jälkeen ohjaus-käsitteen rakenne testattiin konfirmatorisella faktorianalyysillä. Aineistona käytettiin tutkimuksen ensimmäisen vaiheen aineistoa (n=844). Tutkimuksen ensimmäisen ja toisen vaiheen tulokset yhdistettiin ohjauksen laadun hypoteettiseksi malliksi. Ohjauksen resurssit olivat kohtalaiset, mutta ohjausaika oli riittämätöntä. Hoitohenkilöstön tiedot ja taidot ohjata olivat kohtalaisen hyvät. Potilaiden mielestä hoitohenkilöstön asenteet olivat osittain kielteisiä, vaikka hoitohenkilöstö piti niitä myönteisinä. Ohjausmenetelmistä hoitohenkilöstö hallitsi hyvin vain suullisen yksilöohjauksen. Kolmannes potilaista ei saanut kirjallista ohjausmateriaalia lainkaan. Lisäksi viidennes potilaista arvioi, ettei ohjaustoiminta ollut potilaslähtöistä. Ohjauksen suunnittelussa ja arvioinnissa ei aina otettu potilaan taustatekijöitä huomioon. Vuorovaikutus toteutui hyvin. Ohjaus oli kuitenkin osittain riittämätöntä varsinkin ennen sairaalaan tuloa sairauteen ja sen hoitoon liittyvien asioiden osalta sekä sairaala-aikana sosiaalisen tuen osalta. Potilaslähtöinen ohjaustoiminta, ohjauksen riittävyys ja kokonaislaatu selittivät ohjauksen vaikutuksia. Ohjauksella oli vähän tai ei lainkaan vaikutusta kolmannekseen potilaista. Vähiten ohjaus vaikutti omaisten tiedonsaantiin. Kokonaisuudessaan potilaat pitivät ohjauksen laatua hyvänä. Ohjaus määriteltiin potilaan ja hoitohenkilöstön kontekstiin eli taustatekijöihin sidoksissa olevaksi, vuorovaikutussuhteessa rakentuvaksi, aktiiviseksi ja tavoitteelliseksi toiminnaksi. Ohjauksen lähtökohtana on potilaan ja hoitohenkilöstön konteksti, jonka kohtaaminen edellyttää vuorovaikutukselta kaksisuuntaisuutta. Vuorovaikutus on keino, jolla ohjaussuhdetta rakennetaan. Onnistunut vuorovaikutteinen ohjaussuhde mahdollistaa potilaan ja hoitohenkilöstön välisen aktiivisen ja tavoitteellisen toiminnan. Kehitetyn hypoteettisen mallin mukaan ohjauksen laadulla tarkoitettiin sitä, että ohjaus on hoitohenkilöstön ammatilliseen vastuuseen perustuvaa, potilaan ja hoitohenkilöstön kontekstiin eli taustatekijöihin sidoksissa olevaa, vuorovaikutussuhteessa rakentuvaa, aktiivista ja tavoitteellista toimintaa, joka on asianmukaisin resurssein toteutettua, riittävää ja vaikuttavaa. Tutkimustuloksia voidaan hyödyntää ohjauksen teorianmuodostuksessa, ohjauksen laadun kehittämisessä sekä hoitotyön perus- ja täydennyskoulutuksessa.

M.Tech. / Objective: Translation and validation of the Afrikaans version of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index. Methods: The English questionnaires were translated into Afrikaans. The translations were then scrutinized by a focus group in order to determine its face validity. After face validity was established, the content validity was determined by two subject experts. Both the original and the translated versions of the questionnaires were given to a study group to complete on two separate occasions. The results from the study group were then put through various psychometric evaluations in order to determine its concurrent validity and reliability. Results: Results indicated that the Oswestry Disability Index had a significant level of reliability (α=0.830) and although the reliability of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire was below a significant level (α<0.7) it was still deemed reliable as it corresponded with its English counterpart. Both the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index indicated significant levels of concurrent validity; however the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire seemed to have a higher level of concurrent validity. Conclusion: Both the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index were translated successfully and can now be used within the Afrikaans population as an alternative to the English versions. Low back pain is a very common medical problem with a great impact on a patient’s health and quality of life. According to a review conducted by Papageorgiou et al. (1995), 60-80% of the general world population will suffer from low back pain in some stage of their life. In South Africa, De Wet, Losco and Moodley (2003) conducted a study on the incidence and prevalence of low back pain on 355 ABSA Bank and Unibank employees. The results of the study showed that the lifetime incidence of low back pain was 63%, the 6 month prevalence of LBP was 41% and the point prevalence of LBP was 9.6%. Treatment was sought by 46.94% of the sample population primarily from pharmacies, chiropractors, medical doctors, and physiotherapists. In addition, the study also showed that this condition is costing the South African economy millions each year due to lost working days as a result of absenteeism. As a result, disability questionnaires are increasingly used for clinical assessment, outcome measurement of treatment of low back pain. However, the use in different cultural groups has led to the need for the translation and the cross-cultural adaptation of these questionnaires to aid practitioners in the accurate assessment of low back pain.

This master thesis is dealing with the internal communication issue and the practical use of the theoretical knowledge in an analysis. The main aim of the thesis is to provide the analysis on a concrete corporation and to identify the main difficulties in the transmission of information. Theoretical part clarifies the elementary vocabulary and characterizes the communication in general. It identifies the aims, functions as well as the types of the internal communication as a part of the communication in an organization. There is the definition of effective communication and possible communication obstacles determined. The theoretical base is followed by practical part, where analysis on the specific company is provided. The two techniques were used for the purpose of analysis, the observation method and questionnaires, which complete information obtained from the first method used and confirm the results or otherwise.

This exploratory study measured the generic music style preferences of urban South African adolescents using a cross-section of grade nine adolescent learners living in Johannesburg. Johannesburg is the third largest city in Africa and the largest in sub-Saharan Africa. Quantitatively, through a survey, the research determined which music styles were preferred and qualitatively, through interviews, established the extent to which multifarious variables affected preference. LeBlanc’s Model of the Sources of Variation in Music Preference was used as the theoretical framework upon which the study was built. A similar study, completed ten years ago on South African urban adolescents, conducted by Jennifer James, inspired this study and was used as a point of departure for this project. James’s 2000 study was entitled, Generic Style Music Preferences of Urban South African Students. Examples of fifteen generic styles of music, selected from popular, classical and indigenous traditions, were used as music excerpts in the listening test (Music Preference Questionnaire). Through purposive sampling, a total of five-hundred and sixty-eight learners in grade nine participated in the study. The learner sample used was demographically true in its representation of the country’s population. Three broad categories of variables pertaining to preference were delineated and discussed within the study. These encompassed listener, music and environmental variables. Learner variables included: music training, gender (sex), ethnic group (race and language), socio-economic status, and age. Music variables pertaining to preference included: physiological properties of the stimulus [music], complexity of the stimulus [music], and referential meaning of the stimulus [music]. Environmental variables pertaining to preference included media, peer influence, family influence, and the influence of teachers and authority figures. The study revealed that the current generic music style preferences of South African urban adolescents in order of most to least preferred were: Rhythm and Blues, Western Pop, Kwaito, Reggae, House, Hip-Hop, South African Pop, Western Choral, Metal, Rock, Gospel Jazz, Traditional African, Western Classical and Indian Classical. / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Music / unrestricted

Orientador: Maria Helena de Melo Lima / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Enfermagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T11:38:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Apolinario_PriscilaPeruzzo_M.pdf: 2859970 bytes, checksum: 8fbac36bbbe87c55cad9186b2c89a45a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Medicamentos de Alta Vigilância apresentam estreito risco terapêutico e possuem um maior risco de causar dano significativo ao paciente em decorrência da falha de utilização, tornando-se os medicamentos de maior preocupação quando associados aos erros de medicação. Esta definição não indica que os erros associados a estes fármacos são mais frequentes, mas que as consequências para os pacientes de um erro associado a tais medicamentos são geralmente mais graves podendo provocar lesões permanentes ou fatais aos pacientes. O conhecimento insuficiente da enfermagem é considerado um dos fatores que contribuem para o erro na administração de medicamento. O instrumento Nurse¿s Knowledge of High-Alert Medication avalia o conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre os Medicamentos de Alta Vigilância, utilizando escala dicotômica, no qual o respondente informa verdadeiro ou falso para as afirmativas dos domínios: conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre administração e regulamentação dos Medicamentos de Alta Vigilância. Deste modo, considerando a importância da mensuração do conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre os Medicamentos de Alta Vigilância na oferta de serviços com qualidade e segurança ao paciente associado à inexistência no Brasil de um instrumento de medida válido com tal finalidade, o presente estudo teve por objetivo traduzir, adaptar e validar o instrumento Nurse¿s Knowledge of High-Alert Medication para a cultura brasileira e verificar a praticabilidade do instrumento traduzido e adaptado. Para desenvolver a adaptação do instrumento foi utilizado o referencial metodológico preconizado pela literatura, o qual envolve as etapas de tradução para o idioma alvo, síntese das traduções, retro-tradução, avaliação por um comitê de juízes e realização de pré-teste. Com relação às propriedades psicométricas, a confiabilidade da versão brasileira do questionário foi verificada por meio da consistência interna pelo coeficiente de confiabilidade de Kuder Richardson-20 (KR- 20) e a validade de constructo pela técnica de grupos conhecidos utilizando o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e o teste t de Student. O instrumento Nurse¿s Knowledge of High-Alert Medication traduzido e adaptado para a cultura brasileira foi considerado válido, apresentando validade de constructo discriminante (p< 0,001) e consistência interna aceitável (0,55 na parte A e 0,60 na parte B). Conclusão: A versão brasileira do instrumento Nurses¿ knowledge of high-alert medications encontrou resultados satisfatórios no processo tradução, adaptação e validação da escala, confirmando a sua adequação para estudos na área / Abstract: High-Alert Medication have narrow therapeutic risks and an increased risk of causing significant harm to the patient due to the use of failure, becoming the most concern medications when associated with the medication errors. This definition does not indicate that the errors associated with these drugs are more frequent, but the consequences for patients of an error associated with such drugs are usually more severe and it can cause permanent injury or death to patients. The insufficient knowledge of nursing is considered one of the factors contributing to the error in drug administration. The instrument Nurses 'Knowledge of High-Alert Medication evaluates the knowledge of nurses about the high-alert medication using dichotomous scale, in which the answerer states true or false to the assertions of the domains: nurses' knowledge of administration and regulation of high-alert medication. Thus, considering the importance of nurses' knowledge measurement about the High-Alert Medication in the provision of quality and safety services to the patient, associated with the lack in Brazil of a valid measurement instrument for such purpose, the present study had the aim to translate, adapt and validate the Nurse's Knowledge of High-Alert Medication instrument for Brazilian culture and verify the feasibility of the translated and adapted instrument. Order to develop this research, it was used the recommended methodological references in the literature, which includes the steps of: instrument translation into the target language, synthesis of translations, back-translation, evaluation by a committee of judges and implementation of pre-test. Regarding the psychometric properties, reliability of the Brazilian version of the questionnaire was verified using internal consistency by Kuder Richardson-20 reliability coefficient (KR- 20) and construct validity discriminant by the technique of known groups using the non-parametric test Mann-Whitney. The instrument Nurses' Knowledge of High-Alert Medication translated and adapted to the Brazilian culture was considered valid, with discriminant validity (p <0.001) and acceptable internal consistency (0.55 in Part A and 0.60 in Part B). Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the instrument Nurses' knowledge of high-alert medications has found satisfactory results in the process translation, adaptation and validation of the scale, confirming its suitability for studies in the area / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestra em Enfermagem

Orientador: José Martins Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T16:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Urtado_ChristianoBertoldo_D.pdf: 3494478 bytes, checksum: 64e5dc1d46649718732ff1079bb288d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Os esteróides anabólicos androgênicos (EAAs), são hormônios sintéticos derivados da testosterona e têm sido usados, por muitos atletas, de diferentes modalidades para melhorar a performance esportiva. Além disso, seu uso se estende também entre os adolescentes e jovens com objetivos estéticos. Faltam dados epidemiológicos relacionados ao uso desses hormônios por adolescentes e jovens frequentadores de academias de ginástica, praticantes de treinamento de força, principalmente no Brasil. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver, padronizar e validar um questionário de uso de esteróides anabolizantes em jovens praticantes de treinamento de força e aplicar o instrumento em população alvo específica. Após a elaboração do instrumento, dez especialistas divididos nas áreas de medicina, educação física, nutrição, fisioterapia e estatística, participaram da primeira etapa de validação, através do método de porcentagem de concordância. Após adequação ou retirada das questões que atingiram concordância inferior a 90%, foi realizada a segunda etapa de teste-reteste em 50 jovens com idade entre 14 à 24 anos. Posteriormente a validação, foram aplicados 560 questionários em jovens entre 14 à 24 anos praticantes de treinamento de força na cidade de Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram inicialmente inseridos no Micosoft Excel for Mac 2011 e analisados através do software SPSS for Windows 20.0. Foi realizado o teste de correlação de Spearman (rs) para avaliação da reprodutibilidade e para a segunda etapa da pesquisa foi usada estatística descritiva e teste do Quiquadrado. Na etapa de validação do instrumento, 30 questões tiveram índice de concordância maior ou igual a 90%, sendo 7 que apresentaram índice menor que 90% foram reformuladas ou retiradas. Os resultados mostram alto nível de reprodutibilidade em cada questão, sendo algumas delas rs= 1,00 (p=0,0001). O menor valor de reprodutibilidade encontrado foi de rs= 0,66 (p=0,0001). Após aplicação do teste do quiquadrado, a prevalência do uso de EAAs foi de 15% para o sexo masculino e de 2,6% para o sexo feminino. A hipertrofia muscular apareceu como objetivo mais prevalente (22,8%), seguido de definição muscular (4,6%), emagrecimento (2,9%) e o menos prevalente a saúde (2,6%). Dentre os hormônios, o mais citado foi Durateston (43%), seguido por Deposteron e Winstrol (34%) e Decanoato de Nandrolona (26%). Já os suplementos alimentares mais citados foram BCAA com 17%, Whey Protein e Hipercalórico com 15%, seguidos por Albumina, Maltodextrina e creatina, todos com 13% de utilização. Nossos dados demonstram que o instrumento desenvolvido para a pesquisa foi válido e reprodutível e que há um número importante de jovens praticantes de treinamento de força na cidade de Piracicaba-SP usuários de hormônios e outras substâncias, sendo considerado um problema de saúde pública e que merece atenção e conduta especial dos profissionais envolvidos na saúde do adolescente / Abstract: The androgenic anabolic steroids (AASs) are synthetic hormones derived from testosterone and they have been used by many athletes of diverse modalities to improve sports performance. Besides that, their use also extends to adolescents and young with esthetic goals. There is a lack of epidemiological data related to the use of those hormones by adolescents and young who attend gyms for gymnastics, who practice resistance training, especially in Brazil. In face of that, the goal of this work was to develop, standardize and validate a questionnaire about the use of anabolic steroids in young resistance trained subjects and apply the instrument in a specific target population. After developing the instrument, ten specialists divided into the areas of medicine, physical education, nutrition, physicaltherapy and statistics participated in the first phase of the validation, by means of the method of agreement percentage. After making adaptations or withdrawing the questions which reached an agreement of less than 80%, there was a second phase of testing-retesting carried out in 50 young, ages 14 to 24 years. Subsequent to the validation, 560 questionnaires were applied to young between 14 to 24 years who practiced resistance training in the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The data was initially inserted into Microsoft Excel for Mac 2011 and analyzed through SPSS software for Windows 20.0. The Spearman (rs) correlation test was carried in order to evaluate the reproductabilty and for the second phase of the research descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used. In the validation of the instrument phase, 30 questions had an index of agreement higher or equal to 90%, 7 having evinced an index smaller than 90% were restated or withdrawn. The results evinced a high level of reproducibility in each question, some of them being rs= 1.00 (p=0.0001). The smallest value of reproducibility found was of rs= 0.66 (p=0.0001). After the application of the chi¿square test, the prevalence of use of AAS was of 15% for males and 2.6% females. Muscle hypertrophy appeared as the most prevalent goal (22.8%), followed by muscle definition (4.6%), weight loss (2.9%) and the less prevalent was health (2.6%). Among the hormones, Durateston (43%) was the most cited, followed by Deposteron and Winstrol (34%) and Nandrolone Decanoate (26%). Now the most cited dietary supplements were BCAA with 17%, Whey Protein and Hypercaloric with 15%, followed by Albumin, Maltodextrine and creatine, all with 13% of usage. Our data shows that the instrument developed for the research was valid and reproducible and the is a considerable number of young who practice resistance training in the city of Piracicaba-SP users of hormones and other substances, it being considered a public health problem and which deserves the special attention and conduct of the professionals involved in the health of the adolescent / Doutorado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Doutor em Ciências