Our premiss in this study is the escalating competition in the swedish newspaper market, which have become an issue regarding smaller editions for the newspapers, and some scientist have claimed that this has brought an sensational touch to their news. With this in mind, we have studied if a sensational touch is brought to the two biggest Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet’s and Expressen’s first pages. Our purpose with the study is to look into the newspapers development regarding a more sensational newsworthiness on the front page over time. The use of quotes, images and news themes is indicators to measure the development. Trough a content analysis from three different years, 1972, 1992 and 2012 we have measured the data with the computer program SPSS. Our results of the study have showed a development that confirms the scientists’ point of view within this area. We can show a significant increase in the use of quotes, images and a change of common news themes. Classic digging journalism has been replaced by entertainment and more gossip on the first page. We can therefore confirm that there has been a development to a more sensational angle in the news headlines on the first page in the Swedish newspaper market. We’re suggesting further studies within the area, among other things what this development can mean seen trough a democratic point of view, when serious journalism can’t be afford to be produced.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-14T14:09:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissert_Camila-BC.pdf: 867861 bytes, checksum: b2442cf7493bf7021849fa013caba239 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T14:09:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissert_Camila-BC.pdf: 867861 bytes, checksum: b2442cf7493bf7021849fa013caba239 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-18 / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral investigar como os estudantes de mestrado da área de Letras usam a intertextualidade (no caso dessa pesquisa, as citações como uma manifestação explícita da intertextualidade) para construir sua identidade acadêmica através da produção de artigos científicos. Como objetivos específicos, a pesquisa se propôs a: verificar o modo como os mestrandos em Letras empregam as citações em seus textos, refletindo escolhas retóricas que os caracterizam como participantes da comunidade discursiva da qual fazem parte; investigar como eles constroem seus argumentos a partir do discurso de outros autores; analisar como os mestrandos usam as citações nas diferentes seções dos artigos sob a influência das funções retóricas dessas seções; verificar a compreensão que eles têm da importância do artigo científico na constituição de sua identidade acadêmica. Sendo assim, nosso estudo está ligado à concepção sócio-construtivista de identidade, com autores como Hoffnagel (2008; 2009; 2010), Woodward (2012), Silva (2012) e Moita-Lopes (2003; 2011), aos Novos Estudos de Letramento, com Street (1984; 2007) e Lea e Street (1998), às concepções de gênero na perspectiva social, com Bazerman (2005), à concepção de intertextualidade com Bazerman (2011). Escolhemos como primeiro corpora para análise 18 artigos científicos produzidos por mestrandos do Mestrado Profissional em Letras (PROFLETRAS) da Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE – Campus Garanhuns), turma 2013.2. Também aplicamos um questionário a esses estudantes, cujas respostas compuseram nosso segundo corpora. Nesse sentido, nosso foco foi analisar o modo como esses estudantes utilizaram as citações em seus artigos, observando as estratégias retóricas por eles utilizadas nessa prática. A análise das citações foi feita com base nas categorias proposta por Swales (1990), Cortes (2012) e Hoffnagel (2009). Justificamos a escolha pelo gênero artigo científico como nosso objeto de análise pelo motivo de que este se configura um gênero altamente marcado pelas vozes de diversos autores, bem como porque trata-se de um gênero importante na academia por movimentar com mais recorrência a atividade de pesquisa que, por sua vez, movimenta a própria universidade. Com a análise das citações, pudemos perceber as estratégias utilizadas pelos mestrandos em Letras que revelaram aspectos de sua identidade acadêmica. Os dados analisados revelaram a preferência desses estudantes por citações que privilegiam mais o autor citado como um nome de valor do que sua mensagem. Também, com a análise dos dados, verificamos a preferência pelo modo indireto de citar, embora as citações diretas tenham sido mais utilizadas como base para novos argumentos. Quanto às citações utilizadas em cada seção dos artigos, observamos que os estudantes, de modo geral, se mostraram coerentes ao empregar as citações de acordo com as funções retóricas dessas seções, mostrando também, através de suas respostas ao questionário, que compreendem o artigo científico como um gênero que propicia sua identidade como autor e pesquisador. / This research has the general objective to investigate how the students of masters in arts (languages, specifically) use intertextuality (in the case of this research, citations as an explicit manifestation of intertextuality) to build their academic identity by producing scientific articles. The specific objectives aimed to verify how the masters in arts employ the quotes in his writings, reflecting rhetorical choices that characterize them as participants in the discoursive community of which they are part of; investigate how they build their arguments from the discourse of other authors; analyze how the masters use the quotes in different sections of articles under the influence of rhetorical functions of these sections; and, finally, check understanding they have of the importance of the scientific article in the constitution of their academic identity. This way, our study is linked to the socio-constructivist conception of identity, inspired by authors such as Hoffnagel (2008; 2009; 2010), Woodward (2012), Silva (2012) and Moita-Lopes (2003, 2011); the New Literacy Studies, with Street (1984; 2007) and Lea & Street (1998); the gender conceptions in social perspective and the design of intertextuality with Bazerman (2005). We chose as the first corpora for analysis 18 scientific articles produced by masters of the Professional Master of Arts (PROFLETRAS), by the University of Pernambuco (UPE - Campus Garanhuns) class 2013.2. We also apply a questionnaire to those students, whose answers made up our second corpora. In this sense, our focus was to analyze how these students used the quotes in their articles, watching the rhetorical strategies used by them in this practice. The analysis of the citations was based on the categories proposed by Swales (1990), Cortes (2012) and Hoffnagel (2009). The reason why the scientific article gender is our object of analysis is because it is a place marked by the voices of several authors, and it is also an important genre in the college for moving the research activity. With the analysis of quotes, we could see the strategies used by masters in arts that revealed aspects of their academic identity. The data analyzed shows the preference of students for more quotes that privilege the author cited as a value name, more then the message they pass. Also, with the analysis, we found the preference for indirect way to quote, although direct quotations have been more used as a basis for further arguments. As for the quotes used in each section of articles, we observed that students, in general, proved consistent to use the quote according to the rhetorical functions of these sections, also showing, through their answers to the questionnaire, which comprise the scientific article as a genre that provides its identity as author and researcher.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-29T13:21:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Luciana da Silva Muniz.pdf: 9713235 bytes, checksum: 87400d7a444e449deffa278251423c13 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-05-29T18:03:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Luciana da Silva Muniz.pdf: 9713235 bytes, checksum: 87400d7a444e449deffa278251423c13 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-05-29T19:47:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Luciana da Silva Muniz.pdf: 9713235 bytes, checksum: 87400d7a444e449deffa278251423c13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-29T19:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Luciana da Silva Muniz.pdf: 9713235 bytes, checksum: 87400d7a444e449deffa278251423c13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-10 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This study shows the results of a simplify analysis about the variability of water levels on the watershed of the Madeira River on the Brazilian area. This work between the years of 1980 and 2010 and, mainly, in years that revealed extremes hydro-climatic conditions. It’s centered on the observations of hydrologic patterns, through temporal series of fluviometric measures, in physiographic conditions and on official documents about Flood and Drought Disasters. Discusses the effects of extreme events on the communities, in order to identify patterns from a safe and reliable analysis, whose results may be used by those same communities.Madeira River is the main tributary of Amazon River. Its watershed covers an area of almost 1,4 million km2 which represents 23% of all Amazon Watershed. This area involves portions of three South American countries: Bolivia, Brazil e Peru. In Brazil, it’s comprehended the states of Amazonas, Rondônia e Mato Grosso. Were used data from Hydrological stations of National Agency of Waters – ANA National and from the Observatory of Environmental Hydrology, Geochemistry and Geodynamic of Amazon Basin - ORE / HYBAM. The observations about the hydrological variability were compared with damage evaluation reports and ordinances available on Nation Guard database. The results shown that the greatest events of flood and ebb allowed make considerations about the hydrological behavior of the basin considering those events. The major part of stations shown flood season on months March, April and May, and ebb season in the months of August, September and October.The quotagrams revealed one single peak of flood and ebb on the studied stations. According to chart with normalized indices, the critical events of flood and ebb do not behave on the same way through the Madeira River, which can be explained by variation of altitudes of the terraces and slopes of those locations. In this sense, there is a great influence of local physiographic aspects, mainly related to the existence of the lowland areas, because the residence time of water in the system cools downstream propagation superficial. Com flow based on the analysis of official documents, the effects of events extremes are more significant in the municipalities of Amazonas state than in Rondônia state, with the caveat that some periods where it assesses that there are some gaps regarding the care of civil defense in these municipalities and / or supply disruption in database records disaster. In this study, it was understood the complexity of investigating the causes and consequences of extreme events in the Amazon, the need to analyze various aspects of a reality too complex and involves the treatment of hydrologic, physiographic and social data, which are mostly secondary sources and require a tedious validation work to obtain results consistent and truthful. / Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma análise simplificada sobre a variabilidade dos níveis de água na bacia do Rio Madeira em sua porção brasileira. O trabalho é concentrado entre os anos 1980 a 2010 e, principalmente, em anos que estiveram sob condições hidroclimáticas extremas. É pautado na observação dos padrões hidrológicos, por meio de séries temporais de cotas fluviométricas, nas condições fisiográficas e em documentos oficiais de desastres de enchente e secas. Discute os efeitos dos eventos extremos sobre as comunidades ribeirinhas, na busca de identificar padrões a partir de uma análise segura e confiável, cujos resultados possam ser utilizados por aquelas mesmas comunidades. O Rio Madeira é o principal afluente do Rio Amazonas. Sua bacia hidrográfica abrange uma área de quase 1,4 milhões de km2, o que representa 23% de toda a área da Bacia Amazônica. Esta área envolve porções de três países sul-americanos: Bolívia, Brasil e Peru. No Brasil compreende os estados do Amazonas, Rondônia e Mato Grosso. Foram utilizados dados das estações hidrológicas da Agência Nacional de Águas - ANA e do Observatório Ambiental de Hidrologia, Geoquímica e Geodinâmica da Bacia Amazônica - ORE / HYBAM. As observações a cerca da variabilidade hidrológica foram comparadas com os relatórios de avaliação dos danos e portarias disponíveis na base de dados da Defesa Civil Nacional. Os resultados evidenciaram os maiores eventos de cheia e vazante e permitiram fazer considerações a cerca do funcionamento hidrológico da bacia quanto a tais eventos. A maior parte das estações apresentaram período de enchente nos meses de março, abril e maio e período de vazante nos meses de agosto, setembro e outubro. Os cotagramas evidenciaram um único pico de cheia e vazante nas estações estudadas. De acordo com os gráficos com índices normalizados, os eventos críticos de enchente e estiagem não se comportam da mesma forma ao longo da calha do Rio Madeira o que pode ser explicado pela variação das altitudes dos terraços e encostas daquelas localidades. Neste sentido, é grande a influência de aspectos fisiográficos locais, principalmente ligados à existência de áreas de várzea, pois os tempos de permanência da água no sistema arrefecem para jusante a propagação do escoamento superficial. Com base na análise dos documentos oficiais, os efeitos dos eventos extremos são mais significativos nos municípios do estado do Amazonas do que nos de Rondônia, com a ressalva de que alguns períodos onde se avalia que existem algumas lacunas quanto ao atendimento da Defesa Civil nestes municípios e/ou falhas no abastecimento no banco de dados de registos de desastres. Neste estudo, compreendeu-se a complexidade de investigar as causas e consequências dos eventos extremos na Amazônia, pela necessidade de analisar vários aspectos de uma realidade também complexa e que envolve o tratamento de dados hidrológicos, fisiográficos e sociais, que em sua maior parte são de fontes secundárias e precisam de um fastidioso trabalho de validação para obtenção de resultados coerentes e verídicos.

Previous research has established that punctuation can be used to communicate nuances of meaning in online writing (McAndrew & De Jonge, 2011). Punctuation, considered a computer mediated communication (CMC) cue, expresses tone and emotion and disambiguates an author's intention (Vandergriff, 2013). Quotation marks as CMC cues can serve pragmatic functions and have been understudied. Some of these functions have been generally described (Predelli, 2003). However, no corpus study has specifically focused on the pragmatic uses of quotations in online text. Consumer reviews, a genre of online text, can directly impact business profits and influence customers' purchasing decisions (Floyd, Freling, Alhoqail, Cho & Freling, 2014). Businesses are investing in sentiment analysis to gauge their target market's opinions (Salehan & Kim, 2016). Sentiment analysis is the computerized appraisal of a text to determine whether its author is expressing a positive or negative opinion (Novak, Smailovic, Sluban & Mozetic, 2015). Sentiment analysis programs are still limited and could be improved in accuracy. Most programs rely on lexicons of words given a pre-determined polarity value (positive or negative) out of context (Novak et al., 2015). However, context is crucial to communication, and sentiment analysis programs could incorporate a better variety of contextual linguistic features to improve their accuracy. Quotations used for pragmatic communication is such a feature. This study discovered seven pragmatic quotation uses in a 2014 Yelp review corpus: Collective Knowledge, Non-standard, Grammatical, Non-literal, Narrative, Idiolect, and Emphasis. An ANOVA and Tukey HSD test were performed, and the results were significant. Pragmatic category accounted for 15% of the variance in review star rating. The Collective Knowledge category and the Narrative and Non-literal categories were significantly different from each other. The Collective Knowledge category showed a correlation with positive sentiment, while the Narrative and Non-literal categories displayed a correlation with negative sentiment. These three categories are likely present in several types of online text, making them valuable for further sentiment analysis research. If these pragmatic patterns could be detected automatically, they could be used in sentiment algorithms to give a more accurate picture of author opinion.

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ROCHA, Heloisa de Paula Pessoa. Política de cotas para ingresso das pessoas com deficiência nas universidades públicas e sua consonância com os preceitos da Carta Magna. 2011. 86 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Políticas Públicas e Gestão da Educação Superior) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas e Gestão da Educação Superior, Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-21T12:45:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_HPPRocha.pdf: 359852 bytes, checksum: 8c80da0c8ef063d464bdb4db323a90c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-21T13:52:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_HPPRocha.pdf: 359852 bytes, checksum: 8c80da0c8ef063d464bdb4db323a90c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-21T13:52:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_HPPRocha.pdf: 359852 bytes, checksum: 8c80da0c8ef063d464bdb4db323a90c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This study investigates the consonance between the system of quotes for the inclusion of the people with disabilities in the federal public universities and the Charta Magnum of 1988. The public polices have to obey to the elements of legitimation given by the public interest and others constitutional rules, since Brazil belongs to a democratic order. In fact, it is necessary to verify the conjecture of the political and juridical legitimation to confer the nature of positive discrimination to this kind of program. / A inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência vem fomentando inúmeras ações afirmativas, em geral por meio da instituição de cotas, tal qual a proposta, formalizada em projeto de lei, que permita o ingresso diferenciado desses indivíduos nas universidades públicas federais. O implemento de políticas públicas, no entanto, deve obedecer a critérios de legitimação conforme o interesse público e demais preceitos constitucionais. A observância aos dispositivos da Constituição Federal é corolário da ordem democrática, na qual o Brasil se constitui. A hipossuficiência das pessoas com deficiência é alegada para invocar-se o princípio da isonomia e justificar as medidas de desequiparação. Porém, somente a verificação dos pressupostos de legitimação jurídico-política irá conferir a natureza de discriminação positiva ao programa de ingresso diferenciado no ensino superior. O estudo, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tem como objetivo averiguar se tal política encontra-se amparada e legitimada pelos dispositivos constitucionais de nosso ordenamento jurídico.

Denna studie analyserar i vilken utsträckning Twitter använts som nyhetskälla under 2016 och vad som är utmärkande för nyhetsartiklar där tweets citerats. Relationen mellan journalister och deras källor, Hermidas approach kring “Ambient Journalism” samt teorin om Gatekeeping utgör det teoretiska underlaget. Tidningar som ingår i analysen är dagstidningen Dagens Nyheter och kvällstidningen Aftonbladet. Arbetet baseras på en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av 450 artiklar från ovannämnda tidningar. Dessa artiklar har kodats med hjälp av ett kodschema med tillhörande tolkningsregler som utformats i enighet med studiens frågeställningar. Undersökningen visar att journalister använder sig av Twitter främst för att krydda artikeln och för att illustrera ett exempel. Den utmärkande tonen i de analyserade artiklarna är oftast neutral. Flest referenser från Twitter hittades i Aftonbladet och då var det oftast idrottare eller politiker som citerades. Utifrån studiens resultat kan slutsatserna dras att relationen mellan journalisten och källan fortfarande präglas av att elitkällor får störst utrymme i nyhetsrapporteringen. Även det faktum att journalisternas roll som gatekeepers förminskas i takt med en ökad närvaro av Twitterkällor, vars tweets oftast kopieras och klistras in ordagrant i en artikel. Med utgångspunkt i resultatet diskuterar vi huruvida den journalistiska professionaliteten kan påverkas negativt av en för frekvent användning av Twitter i nyhetsrapporteringen. Vidare kan siffrorna vi presenterar utgöra underlag för vidare forskning kring förhållandet mellan Twitter, journalistik och objektivitet.

<p>Aim: Preferential treatment and allocation of quotes according to sex are two current concepts due to the increasing demand for equality. One organization that may use preferential treatment is the fire department. This is why we chose it as a starting point for our study. The aim with this essay is to investigate how Gästrike Räddningstjänst can create a more equal organization.</p><p>Method: We have interviewed eight employees and prepared questions for each one. This represents a qualitative method. We have studied literature on the subject to get a theoretical background before the interviews. After the study we analysed the interviews with help from the theory. And finally we drew conclusions from this analysis. This resulted in suggestions that could help Gästrike Räddningstjänst create a more equal organization.</p><p>Result & Conclusions: Equality between the sexes is important but at the same time it is important that the employed women have the right qualities. Measures should be taken to draw women to the profession in order to create a wider selection. One measure that could give a wider selection is positive special treatment. It is important to think about the employees while making a change so that negative attitudes do not affect the process to make the profession more equal. Based on theory we can see that it is important to communicate the aim of the change to reduce resistance from the employees. Change has to be allowed to take time since the organizational culture is strong and has existed for a long time. Due to the strong culture it is necessary to focus on measures that will create a strong but adaptable culture. Management should continually evaluate the process of change to discover possible problems and to highlight progress. Employees can also take part in the evaluation.</p><p>Suggestions for future research: It would be interesting to compare different fire departments in Sweden considering their work with equality between sexes. It would also be interesting to observe the process of recruitment more closely.</p><p>Contribution of the thesis: Our hope is that this essay helps to increase awareness in the important issue of equality.</p> / <p>Syfte: Positiv särbehandling och kvotering är två aktuella begrepp i och med ökade krav på jämställdhet. Räddningstjänsten är en organisation som berörs av framförallt positiv särbehandling. Därför valde vi brandmannayrket som utgångspunkt för vår studie. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur ledningen inom Gästrike Räddningstjänst kan gå tillväga för att skapa en mer jämställd organisation.</p><p>Metod: Vi har intervjuat åtta personer och förberett anpassade frågor till var och en, vilket representerar en kvalitativ metod. Innan intervjuerna genomförde vi en litteraturstudie för att få en teoretisk grund. Efter vår empiriska studie analyserade vi intervjuerna med stöd av teorin. Därefter drog vi slutsatser utifrån analysen, vilket resulterade i förslag på hur Gästrike Räddningstjänst kan skapa en mer jämställd organisation.</p><p>Resultat & slutsats: Jämställdhet är viktigt men samtidigt måste de kvinnor som anställs vara tillräckligt kompetenta. Åtgärder bör vidtas för att locka fler kvinnor till yrket för att skapa ett bredare urval vid rekrytering. En åtgärd som kan ge ett bredare urval är positiv särbehandling. Vid förändringsarbetet är det viktigt att ta hänsyn till anställda så att inte negativa attityder försvårar processen att göra yrket mer jämställt. Utifrån teorin kan vi se att det är viktigt att tydligt kommunicera syftet med förändringen för att minska ett eventuellt motstånd. Förändringsarbetet måste få ta tid eftersom det är en stark organisationskultur som funnits länge. På grund av den starka organisationskulturen är det nödvändigt att fokusera på faktorer som gör kulturen stark men anpassningsbar. För att upptäcka eventuella problem och för att belysa framsteg bör ledning kontinuerligt följa upp förändringsarbetet. Detta kan med fördel genomföras tillsammans med de anställda.</p><p>Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Det skulle vara intressant att jämföra olika brandstationer i Sverige för att se om det ser likadant ut i hela landet, eller om vissa stationer kommit längre i sitt jämställdhetsarbete. Det skulle även vara intressant att mer närgående observera anställningsprocessen.</p>

Aim: Preferential treatment and allocation of quotes according to sex are two current concepts due to the increasing demand for equality. One organization that may use preferential treatment is the fire department. This is why we chose it as a starting point for our study. The aim with this essay is to investigate how Gästrike Räddningstjänst can create a more equal organization. Method: We have interviewed eight employees and prepared questions for each one. This represents a qualitative method. We have studied literature on the subject to get a theoretical background before the interviews. After the study we analysed the interviews with help from the theory. And finally we drew conclusions from this analysis. This resulted in suggestions that could help Gästrike Räddningstjänst create a more equal organization. Result &amp; Conclusions: Equality between the sexes is important but at the same time it is important that the employed women have the right qualities. Measures should be taken to draw women to the profession in order to create a wider selection. One measure that could give a wider selection is positive special treatment. It is important to think about the employees while making a change so that negative attitudes do not affect the process to make the profession more equal. Based on theory we can see that it is important to communicate the aim of the change to reduce resistance from the employees. Change has to be allowed to take time since the organizational culture is strong and has existed for a long time. Due to the strong culture it is necessary to focus on measures that will create a strong but adaptable culture. Management should continually evaluate the process of change to discover possible problems and to highlight progress. Employees can also take part in the evaluation. Suggestions for future research: It would be interesting to compare different fire departments in Sweden considering their work with equality between sexes. It would also be interesting to observe the process of recruitment more closely. Contribution of the thesis: Our hope is that this essay helps to increase awareness in the important issue of equality. / Syfte: Positiv särbehandling och kvotering är två aktuella begrepp i och med ökade krav på jämställdhet. Räddningstjänsten är en organisation som berörs av framförallt positiv särbehandling. Därför valde vi brandmannayrket som utgångspunkt för vår studie. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur ledningen inom Gästrike Räddningstjänst kan gå tillväga för att skapa en mer jämställd organisation. Metod: Vi har intervjuat åtta personer och förberett anpassade frågor till var och en, vilket representerar en kvalitativ metod. Innan intervjuerna genomförde vi en litteraturstudie för att få en teoretisk grund. Efter vår empiriska studie analyserade vi intervjuerna med stöd av teorin. Därefter drog vi slutsatser utifrån analysen, vilket resulterade i förslag på hur Gästrike Räddningstjänst kan skapa en mer jämställd organisation. Resultat &amp; slutsats: Jämställdhet är viktigt men samtidigt måste de kvinnor som anställs vara tillräckligt kompetenta. Åtgärder bör vidtas för att locka fler kvinnor till yrket för att skapa ett bredare urval vid rekrytering. En åtgärd som kan ge ett bredare urval är positiv särbehandling. Vid förändringsarbetet är det viktigt att ta hänsyn till anställda så att inte negativa attityder försvårar processen att göra yrket mer jämställt. Utifrån teorin kan vi se att det är viktigt att tydligt kommunicera syftet med förändringen för att minska ett eventuellt motstånd. Förändringsarbetet måste få ta tid eftersom det är en stark organisationskultur som funnits länge. På grund av den starka organisationskulturen är det nödvändigt att fokusera på faktorer som gör kulturen stark men anpassningsbar. För att upptäcka eventuella problem och för att belysa framsteg bör ledning kontinuerligt följa upp förändringsarbetet. Detta kan med fördel genomföras tillsammans med de anställda. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Det skulle vara intressant att jämföra olika brandstationer i Sverige för att se om det ser likadant ut i hela landet, eller om vissa stationer kommit längre i sitt jämställdhetsarbete. Det skulle även vara intressant att mer närgående observera anställningsprocessen.

Topic of this diploma thesis is The Issue of Idioms at Upper Primary Schools. Phraseology is the integral part of daily communication that is why I decided to explore how pupils understand it. The theoretical part is based on publications of our leading linguists. The practical part studies not only the knowledge of idioms but also whether pupils understand it and if they are able to use them in sentences. The questionnaire consists of idioms, which have emerged as the examples in theoretical parts but also with the help of dictionaries of Czech phraseology and idioms.