Doctor of Education / Department of Educational Leadership / Trudy Salsberry / The purpose of this study was to gain better insight into the perceptions of mothers, caregivers, and school-age children in regard to educational experiences (defined as social, academic, and behavioral by Kansas Department of Education, 2012) during maternal Army Reserve component deployments. Since the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center, reserve component deployments have become an integral part of the total military strategy. Because the reserve component could be trained and equipped for a fraction of the active forces, fiscal realities dictated moving routine operational responsibilities to the reserve component (National Guard and Reserve Equipment Report for 2013, 2012). As more citizen soldiers were called to active duty deployments, the effects on children who did not typically identify with being in a military family were particularly important to their well-being. This qualitative case study looked at perceptions regarding maternal reserve component deployments through the theoretical perspective lens of ambiguous loss and boundary ambiguity. “Ambiguous Loss Theory” was a type of family stress termed by Boss (1999) that identified the loss or absence of a family member or loved one that evoked emotional uncertainty and ambiguity in the family (p. 7). “Boundary Ambiguity” was how the family interpreted or perceived the situation of ambiguous loss (Boss, 2002). Research applying Boss’ Ambiguous Loss Theory showed that deployment of a family member in a military family was a major stress factor for military children and caused emotional uncertainty and ambiguity in the family (Faber, Willerton, Clymber, Macdermid, & Weiss, 2008; Huebner, Mancini, Wilcox, Grass & Grass, 2007). As mothers were still recognized as the primary caregivers of children in the United States (Galinsky, Aumann, & Bond, 2011), the absence of a mother due to deployment significantly shifted responsibilities not only to the new primary caregiver, but children also took on new responsibilities as well. Role ambiguity began prior to the deployment, continued during the deployment, and could have the most overwhelming effects post-deployment as family members reintegrated the deployed parent back into the family (Huebner et. al, 2007). Utilizing a qualitative multiple case study, the research was conducted from a social constructivist worldview. Criterion sampling was used to garner four total cases for the study Data from both interviews and documents were collected. The purpose of this study was to gain better insight into the perceptions of mothers/soldiers, caregivers, and school-age children regarding their roles in the educational experiences (defined as social, academic, and behavioral by Kansas Department of Education, 2012) during maternal Army Reserve component deployments. Based on the data, six themes emerged that addressed the overarching research questions of this study: • When deployed mothers/soldiers did not maintain a role in the child’s educational experiences, families perceived role definitions as difficult to establish. • Communication during deployment was a key factor in establishing roles of mother/soldier, child, and caregiver. • Clearly defined roles in educational experiences of the child were a key factor in reintegration. • Schools were perceived as a resource to families experiencing deployment. • Children perceived their roles as maintaining or improving their educational experiences as ways to support mother/soldier during deployment. • When roles in children’s educational experiences were not clearly defined, children perceived stress.

Urban gondola lift systems are becoming a regular sight rather than a rarity throughout the globe. Authors attribute their increasing popularity to factors such as environmental sustainability, operational reliability and cost efficiency compared to other right-of-way transit solutions. Replacing conventional modes of transit with urban gondolas cannot however be achieved without tackling several operational challenges. As potential new operators often lack the human resources and knowledge base required to successfully man, operate and maintain systems, they turn to manufacturers for increased after-sale support. Companies of the Doppelmayr Garaventa Group, the world’s largest manufacturer of gondola lifts, responded to these demand patterns by offering complete operations & maintenance contracts which, among other services, include the delivery and installation of reserve components. Calculating the total cost of such components for the life cycle of a system however still proves to be demanding and requires new computational models to increase its efficiency. The applicative purpose of this paper was thus set to formulate a model that is capable of performing life cycle cost calculations for components of urban gondola lift systems, according to a set of criterion defined by industrial entities. Its research aim is accordingly to answer questions about how concurrent instruments are set up, what models does contemporary research regard as efficient in similar industries and whether these models are able to enhance life cycle cost calculation capability within the urban gondola lift market. These aims were achieved through an analysis of current company practices, followed by the formulation of two new model alternatives based on a review of contemporary scientific literature, and concluded by an iterative process wherein the two alternatives were compared to each other in terms of performance and then merged to combine the best performing features of each version. Through a second iteration, the merged model was then compared to current instruments and established as the superior choice, using industry criteria. The paper concludes by resolving the research questions it set out to answer and making further recommendations for the direction of future research and studies.

O modo de vida agroextrativista da sociedade tradicional da Reserva Extrativista do Cajari se constituiu com base na produção do território tradicional, cuja ocupação remete aos camponeses migrantes que foram escravizados na porção sul do Amapá a partir das primeiras décadas do século XIX, com base em relações de trabalho baseadas no aviamento. A partir da implantação do Complexo Agroindustrial Jari naquela região, em 1967, a população local fora ameaçada de expulsão de seu território, sendo que o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar o conflito de terras que resultou na criação da referida reserva extrativista, abarcando os anos de 1960 e 2015 a fim de compreender-se os desdobramentos territoriais da criação da reserva extrativista, como a criação da Cooperativa Mista dos Produtores Agroextrativistas do Cajari (COOPERALCA) e a produção local de biscoitos de castanha. O método utilizado fundou-se na abordagem materialista e dialética da história, na teoria da criação e recriação do campesinato e no trabalho de campo vinculado ao relato etnográfico como proposta metodológica para o estudo a análise geográfica da reprodução territorial das sociedades tradicionais. Como técnicas de pesquisa, utilizamos a história oral, o levantamento bibliográfico, a pesquisa documental e a composição de séries fotográficas. Com a organização política daquela sociedade em torno do Conselho Nacional dos Seringueiros, o território tradicional fora juridicamente definido como reserva extrativista, garantindo-se a manutenção do território e do modo de vida agroextrativista. Ainda que diante da manutenção da venda de parte da produção extrativista local para atravessadores, como elemento não superado do aviamento, a criação da Reserva Extrativista do Cajari expressa uma das estratégias de recriação do campesinato, especificamente a partir da adoção de um modelo de unidades de conservação de uso sustentável. / The agroextractivist way of life of the Cajari River Extractivist Reserves traditional society was constituted based on the production of the traditional territory, whose occupation refers to the migrant peasants that were enslaved in the south portion of Amapá on the first decades of the 19th century, based on labor relations build on the aviamento. As of the establishment of the Jari Agroindustrial Complex in the region, in 1967, the locals have been threatened with expropriation of their territory and the general objective of this research is to analyze the land conflict that resulted in the founding of said extractivist reserve between the years of 1960 and 2015, reaching the territorial unfolding of the creation of the extractivist reserve, such as the founding of the Mixed Co-operative of Cajaris Agroextractivist Producers and the local production of nut biscuits. The used method was based on the materialistic and dialectic approach of history, on the creation and recreation theory of peasantry, and on the fieldwork linked to the ethnographic report as a methodological proposal for the study of the geographical analysis of the territorial reproduction of traditional societies. As research techniques, we used the oral history, bibliographical and documental research, and the composition of photographic series. With the political organization of that society around the National Council of Rubber Tappers, the traditional territory was legally defined as an extractivist reserve, securing the maintenance of the territory and the agroextractivist way of life. Despite the maintenance of the sale of part of the local extractivist production to middlemen, as an unresolved element of the aviamento, the creation of the Cajari River Extractivist Reserve expresses one of the strategies of recreation of the peasantry, specifically as from the adoption of a model of conservation units of sustainable use.

As unidades de conservação da natureza são a forma mais efetiva de proteção da biodiversidade que se conhece. Legalmente as unidades de conservação podem ser divididas em dois grandes grupos: aquelas de uso sustentável e as de proteção integral ou uso indireto. Segundo o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) instituído pela Lei 9.985 de 18 de julho de 2000, as Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) são consideradas unidades de conservação privadas de uso sustentável. Na Espanha, a conservação em terras privadas é denominado de Custodia del territorio e se dá por meio de parceria privada entre entidades de custódia e o proprietário, diferentemente do Brasil onde ocorre participação pública. Atualmente na Espanha, o processo de criação destas áreas é previsto pela Ley 42 de 13 de dezembro de 2007, que trata do Patrimonio Natural y de la Biodiversidad do país. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal elaborar um panorama atual da conservação em terras privadas no estado do Paraná, Brasil, comparando parcialmente com a conservação privada na Catalunha, Espanha, avaliando a efetividade da gestão destas áreas protegidas no Paraná, para que seja possível apontar possíveis melhorias nos meios de desenvolvimento e gerenciamento das RPPN, tendo em conta a atual demanda ambiental existente. Busca-se ainda entender a dinâmica da relação dessas propriedades privadas de proteção da natureza, com os diferentes órgãos de governo e assim apontar melhorias para a legislação e relação já existentes. Para atingir tal objetivo foram aplicados questionários em 132 RPPN distribuídas pelo Paraná e nove áreas protegidas privadas da Catalunha, e ainda, avaliada a efetividade do manejo aplicado às áreas paranaenses com base na adaptação de uma metodologia já existente. Desta relação atual fica clara a ausência de contato entre proprietário privado e órgãos públicos, bem com a insatisfação de parte dos proprietários de RPPN do Paraná, que criaram estas reservas privadas com expectativas diferentes do que na realidade ocorre, mostrando possivelmente a existência de falha no processo de criação das áreas. Para o caso catalão é possível perceber maior proximidade entre entidades de custódia e proprietário o que reflete em uma gestão mais efetiva destas áreas, além disso, é perceptível a maior utilização destas áreas pela população de seu entorno para atividades de lazer. Também se destaca em algumas áreas visitadas a aplicação de programas de pagamentos por serviços ambientais. Avaliando a efetividade de manejo das reservas paranaenses é possível constatar que 78% das áreas estão incluídas em um manejo insatisfatório e pouco satisfatório, somando no máximo 50% da nota a ser atingida nesta análise, confirmando a ideia da dificuldade na gestão de áreas protegidas por seus proprietários. / Nature conservation units are the most effective form of biodiversity protection that is known. Legally conservation units can be divided into two large groups: those of sustainable use and those of integral protection or indirect use. According to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) established by Law 9.985 of July 18, 2000, Private Reserves of the Natural Patrimony (RPPN) are considered private conservation units for sustainable use. In Spain, conservation in private lands is called the Custody of the Territory and occurs through a private partnership between custodians and the owner, unlike Brazil where there is public participation. Currently in Spain, the process of creating these areas is provided for by Law 42 of December 13, 2007, which deals with the country\'s Natural Heritage and Biodiversity. This research has as main objective to elaborate a current panorama of the conservation in private lands in the state of Paraná, Brazil, comparing partially with the private conservation in Catalonia, Spain, evaluating the effectiveness of the management of these protected areas in Paraná, so that it is possible to point out possible Improvements in the means of development and management of RPPN, taking into account the existing environmental demand. It also seeks to understand the dynamics of the relationship of these private nature protection properties with the different governing bodies and thus point out improvements to the already existing legislation and relationship. To achieve this objective, questionnaires were applied in 132 RPPN distributed by Paraná and nine private protected areas of Catalonia, and also evaluated the effectiveness of the management applied to the areas of Paraná based on the adaptation of an existing methodology. From this current relationship it is clear the absence of contact between private owner and public agencies, as well as the dissatisfaction of the owners of RPPN of Paraná, who created these private reserves with different expectations of what actually occurs, possibly showing the existence of a failure in the process of creating areas. For the Catalan case, it is possible to perceive a greater proximity between custodial entities and owner, which reflects in a more effective management of these areas, in addition, it is noticeable the greater use of these areas by the population of its surroundings for leisure activities. Also highlighted in some areas visited is the application of payment programs for environmental services. Evaluating the management effectiveness of the Paraná, it is possible to verify that 78% of the areas are included in an unsatisfactory and little quality management, adding a maximum of 50% of the note to be reached in this analysis, confirming the idea of the difficulty in the management of protected areas by their owners.

Die Regionalstudie über das Gebiet um die Stadt Lübbenau (Spreewald) zeigt auf, dass die Bevölkerung (wie es die Nomenklatur Biosphärenreservat nahelegt) zwar an vielen Punkten in die Entscheidungen eingebunden wird, dass jedoch Konflikte zu verschiedenen Themen auftauchen, die nicht in einer Weise gelöst werden, die allen beteiligten Interessengruppen eine gleichberechtigte Mitsprache zugesteht. Zudem fällt die Mittelverteilung zwischen Naturschutz und regionaler Wirtschaftsförderung oder Agrarförderung deutlich zu Ungunsten der regionalen Entwicklung aus. Dies hat überwiegend politische Gründe und ist vielmehr in einer gesamtdeutschen Agrarpolitik verankert, als in lokalen Entscheidungsstrukturen. Dennoch fokussiert sich der Unmut in der Bevölkerung vor allem auf die Verwaltung des Biosphärenreservats. Die Arbeit beleuchtet die verschiedenen Konfliktfelder, zeigt die Hintergründe auf und stellt innovative Projekte und Finanzierungsinstrumente dar, die sich im Forschungsgebiet als Antwort auf die als unzureichend empfundene staatliche Finanzierung entwickelt haben. Die den Unterschiedlichen Umgangsformen mit und Einstellungen zur natürlichen Umwelt zugrundeliegenden Wahrnehmungsmuster werden analysiert und in den Kontext verschiedener Akteursgruppen gestellt. / The regional study of the area around the town of Lübbenau (Spreewald) shows that the population (as suggested by the nomenclature Biosphere Reserve) is indeed involved at many points in the decisions making process. however, conflicts arise on different topics that are not resolved in a manner that all stakeholders admits an equal say. In addition, the resource allocation between nature conservation and regional economic development and agriculture falls clearly to the disadvantage of regional development. This has mainly political reasons and is merely rooted in an all-German agricultural policy, than in local decision-making structures. Nevertheless, the discontent among the population primarily focuses on the management of the biosphere reserve. This work describes the various areas of conflict, analyzing the background and presents innovative projects and funding instruments that evolved in response to the fact that state funding is felt to be inadequate. The different ways of dealing with and attitudes towards the natural environment and their underlying perceptual patterns are analyzed and placed in the context of various stakeholder groups.

Esta Dissertação de Mestrado Acadêmico tem como objetivo compreender como as contradições do Desenvolvimento Sustentável estão expressas na Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes, localizada no Estado do Acre, Brasil, partindo da crítica da vida cotidiana na Reserva, através das premissas trazidas por Henri Lefebvre (2014). Para tanto, a análise da vida cotidiana na Reserva é desprendida da noção empírica, positivista e determinista da lógica formal que promovem um conhecimento fragmentado da realidade deixando escapar a essência dos fenômenos e das coisas, rejeitando a existência de contradições ou qualquer negação daquilo que é definido como absoluto e certo. Logo, analisar como as contradições do Desenvolvimento Sustentável estão expressas na Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes é, ao mesmo tempo, compreender como a negação das situações cotidianas podem promover o movimento do pensar dentro daquela realidade, fazendo surgir novas possibilidades que influenciem novas escolhas, julgamentos e ações, e por isso refletem uma promessa de superação e transformação da realidade cotidiana. Em razão disso, o presente trabalho foi realizado a partir dos fatos diários, o que propiciou concluir que, justificadas pelo Desenvolvimento Sustentável, contradições históricas são perpetuadas prevalecendo a apropriação capitalista da natureza e a exploração do trabalhador. Os trabalhadores estão submetidos às práticas degradantes do capitalismo, e encontram-se envolvidos por aparências que encurralam seu potencial social, ao mesmo tempo que oferece-lhes o desconhecimento da sua verdadeira realidade social. / This Master's Dissertation aims to understand how the contradictions of Sustainable Development are expressed in the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, located in the State of Acre, Brazil. The research seeks to understand these contradictions starting from the critical study of the daily life of the Reserve, through the premises brought by Henri Lefebvre (2014). For this, the analysis of the daily life of the Reserve is detached from the empirical, positivist and deterministic notion of the formal logic that promotes a fragmented knowledge of reality leaving out the essence of phenomena and things, rejecting the existence of contradictions or any negation of what is defined as absolute and certain. Therefore, analyzing how the contradictions of Sustainable Development are expressed in the Extractive Reserve Chico Mendes is at the same time to understand how the denial of everyday situations can promote the movement of thinking within that reality, giving rise to new possibilities that influence new choices, judgments and actions and therefore reflect a promise of overcoming and transforming everyday reality. As a result, the present work was based on daily facts, which led to the conclusion that, justified by sustainable development, historical contradictions are perpetuated, prevailing capitalist appropriation of nature and exploration of the worker. Workers are subjected to the degrading practices of capitalism, and are surrounded by appearances that corral their social potential, while at the same time offering them the ignorance of their true social reality.

Esta tese buscou investigar uma concepção existencial de Educação Ambiental, tendo como suporte o caminho sustentável. O intuito foi realizar uma crítica, à maneira com a qual o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável é imposto de forma homogênea e hegemônica na Educação Ambiental. Para tanto, apresentamos o caminho sustentável, constituído a partir do envolvimento ambiental, que por sua vez, é tecido por uma luta pela autossuficiência, por uma conservação ambiental e por justiça social, em uma construção alicerçada com o lugar. Logo, pensar a partir do envolvimento ambiental é compreender que há uma diversidade de experiências humanas a partir da relação de intimidade e de pertencimento que determinadas comunidades originárias possuem com o lugar e com a natureza. Neste trabalho, os saberes e as experiências vividas dos extrativistas da reserva extrativista do Extremo Norte do Tocantins são o que fundamentam o envolvimento ambiental. As perspectivas decolonial, e pós-colonial e a fenomenologia alicerçam teoricamente e epistemicamente as tramas da tese. A fenomenologia é também o método para a consecução da pesquisa, com foco em suas compreensões humanistas, além da técnica da pesquisa-ação existencial e da análise-documental. Como resultados, apresentamos que as relações entre os seres humanos para com seus pares e com a natureza, expostas nas essências do caminho sustentável e existentes na reserva extrativista do Extremo Norte do Tocantins, rompem com o pensamento produzido pela sociedade moderno-colonial que impõe uma única maneira de ser sustentável. Por conseguinte, a partir dos resultados obtidos, destacamos que no cotidiano de comunidades originárias, com as essências do caminho sustentável, aliadas a um diálogo de saberes, é que se fundamenta a Educação Ambiental existencial. / This thesis sought to investigate an existential conception of Environmental Education, having as support the sustainable way. The aim was to make a critique, the way in which the concept of sustainable development is imposed in a homogenous and hegemonic form in Environmental Education. To do so, we present the sustainable way, constituted from environmental involvement, which in turn is woven by a struggle for self-sufficiency, for environmental conservation and for social justice, in a construction based on the place. Therefore, to think of environmental involvement is to understand that there is a diversity of human experiences based on the relationship of intimacy and belonging that certain native communities have with the place and nature. In this work, the knowledge and experiences of the extractivists of the extractive reserve of the extreme North of Tocantins are what underpin environmental involvement. The decolonial, and post-colonial perspectives and phenomenology theoretically and epistemically ground the plot of the thesis. Phenomenology is also the method for the pursuit of research, focusing on its humanistic understandings, beyond the existential research-action technique and document-analysis. As results, we present that the relationships between humans towards their peers and with nature, exposed in the essentials of the sustainable way and existing in the extractive reserve of the extreme North of Tocantins, break with the thought produced by modern-colonial society that imposes a only way to be sustainable. Therefore, from the results obtained, we highlight that in the daily life of native communities, with the essences of the sustainable way, allied to a dialogue of knowledge, is the foundation of existential Environmental Education.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:46:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VALDIR JOSE DE MEDEIROS FILHO.pdf: 543399 bytes, checksum: 688bf108e2548a5e73b08c35d5d050d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14 / The right of health was raised by the National Constitution of 1988 for the category of fundamental rights with immediate applicability as shown in the first paragraph of the fifth article of our Constitution. The immediate applicability of these fundamental social rights annihilated the programmatic character of these constitutional laws that establish the right to health. In this way, from a systemic view of the Brazilian legal system, balancing the nature of the principles laws that establish these fundamental social rights, can confirm that the principle of human dignity and of the minimum existential are discarded the thesis of the reserve for the possible advocated by the State, for not to put into practice the public health services that do grow these social rights. Because of the inertia of the State for to provide the public health services by the reason of insufficient funds to provide these services, the protection exercised in relation to decisions and interpretations of laws made by higher courts take energetic and active position in defense of society, and these are public services that guarantee the social rights, ordered and implemented by the Judiciary. Judges of first instance and superior courts, replacing the representatives of government, constitutionally responsible for the effectiveness of these fundamental rights, started to determine the respect to the commands of the Federal Constitution regarding the rights of health, invoking in opposition to the thesis of reserve for the possible or insufficiency of funds, the principle of human dignity and the minimum existential. / O direito social da saúde foi alçado pela Constituição Federal de 1988, à categoria de direito fundamental com aplicabilidade imediata, conforme prescreve o parágrafo primeiro do artigo quinto de nosso texto constitucional. Esse viés da aplicabilidade imediata desse direito fundamental social contribuiu para aniquilar o caráter programático das normas constitucionais que estabelecem o direito fundamental à saúde. Por essa via, a partir de uma visão sistêmica do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro sopesando a natureza principiológica das normas que estabelecem esse direito social fundamental, verifica-se que o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e do mínimo existencial vêm afastando a tese da reserva do possível defendida pelo Estado, para não implementação e entrega dos serviços públicos de saúde que densificam esse direito social. Em razão dessa inércia do Estado (Poder Executivo) prestar serviços públicos de saúde alegando a insuficiência de verba (reserva do possível), a tutela jurisdicional assume posição enérgica e atuante em defesa da sociedade, sendo esses serviços públicos que garantem o direito à saúde, ordenados e implementados pelo Poder Judiciário. Juízes de primeiro grau e dos tribunais superiores, em substituição aos representantes do poder Executivo, responsáveis constitucionalmente pela efetividade desses direitos fundamentais determinam o respeito aos mandamentos da Constituição Federal relativos ao direito social da saúde, invocando em contra-argumentação a tese da reserva do possível, o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e o mínimo existencial.

lt;p align="justify"gt; O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial ecoturístico da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN-FMA), localizada no distrito de Santo Antônio do Manhuaçu no município de Caratinga-MG. Para tanto foi utilizada a tabela de hierarquia de atrativos turísticos estabelecida pela Organização Mundial de Turismo, 1997 (OMT), que permite diferenciar os atrativos em função de suas características naturais e apelo ecoturístico, combinada com a metodologia proposta por Ruschmann et al. (2001), que combina critérios de hierarquização e de prioridade para calcular o índice de implantação de cada atrativo. Esta metodologia permite uma análise crítica dos atrativos a fim de se estabelecer valores de interesse turístico, assinalando sua correspondência hierárquica dentro do contexto regional. O levantamento dos dados foi feito nos meses de maio a novembro de 2006 e, foram entrevistadas 347 pessoas, distribuídos entre as comunidades de Caratinga e o entorno da reserva, hóspedes de hotéis e participantes de eventos realizados em Caratinga (II Festival do Muriqui e “Maió e Mió” São João de Minas). Para melhor valoração do potencial da RPPN-FMA foi feita uma análise comparativa de seus atrativos em relação a outros atrativos naturais da cidade de Caratinga, identificados e caracterizados em estudos anteriores. Com o dados obtidos foi possível à identificação das fragilidades e potencialidades da RPPN, os quais poderão ser utilizados para fomentar o ecoturismo no local, bem como contribuir como subsídio para a elaboração do plano de manejo da RPPN.lt;/pgt; / lt;p align="justify"gt; O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial ecoturístico da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN-FMA), localizada no distrito de Santo Antônio do Manhuaçu no município de Caratinga-MG. Para tanto foi utilizada a tabela de hierarquia de atrativos turísticos estabelecida pela Organização Mundial de Turismo, 1997 (OMT), que permite diferenciar os atrativos em função de suas características naturais e apelo ecoturístico, combinada com a metodologia proposta por Ruschmann et al. (2001), que combina critérios de hierarquização e de prioridade para calcular o índice de implantação de cada atrativo. Esta metodologia permite uma análise crítica dos atrativos a fim de se estabelecer valores de interesse turístico, assinalando sua correspondência hierárquica dentro do contexto regional. O levantamento dos dados foi feito nos meses de maio a novembro de 2006 e, foram entrevistadas 347 pessoas, distribuídos entre as comunidades de Caratinga e o entorno da reserva, hóspedes de hotéis e participantes de eventos realizados em Caratinga (II Festival do Muriqui e “Maió e Mió” São João de Minas). Para melhor valoração do potencial da RPPN-FMA foi feita uma análise comparativa de seus atrativos em relação a outros atrativos naturais da cidade de Caratinga, identificados e caracterizados em estudos anteriores. Com o dados obtidos foi possível à identificação das fragilidades e potencialidades da RPPN, os quais poderão ser utilizados para fomentar o ecoturismo no local, bem como contribuir como subsídio para a elaboração do plano de manejo da RPPN.lt;/pgt; / lt;p align="justify"gt; The main objective this study was to evaluate the potential for ecotourism of the Feliciano Miguel Abdala Natural Patrimony Private Reserve (FMA-NPPR), located in the district of Santo Antonio of Manhuaçu, Caratinga-MG. The OMT/CICATUR table was used to differentiate different attractions in function of their natural characteristics and appeal for ecotourism. The methodology proposed by Ruschmann et al., (2001), which combines hierarchy and priority criteria, was used to of to calculate the implantation index of each attraction. This methodology allows a critical analysis of the attractions in order to establish values of tourist interest within the regional context. This way, the potential of the FMA-NPPR was compared with other natural attractions existent in Caratinga. Data was obtained in the period of May to November of 2006. In total, 347 people amongst Caratinga residents, hotel guests and participants of cultural events (II Muriqui Festival and “Maió e Mió” São João de Minas) were interviewed. Based on the obtained data it was possible to identify the weaknesses and potentials of the FMA-NPPR which can be used to foment local ecotourism and subsidize the reserve’s management plan.lt;/pgt; / lt;p align="justify"gt; The main objective this study was to evaluate the potential for ecotourism of the Feliciano Miguel Abdala Natural Patrimony Private Reserve (FMA-NPPR), located in the district of Santo Antonio of Manhuaçu, Caratinga-MG. The OMT/CICATUR table was used to differentiate different attractions in function of their natural characteristics and appeal for ecotourism. The methodology proposed by Ruschmann et al., (2001), which combines hierarchy and priority criteria, was used to of to calculate the implantation index of each attraction. This methodology allows a critical analysis of the attractions in order to establish values of tourist interest within the regional context. This way, the potential of the FMA-NPPR was compared with other natural attractions existent in Caratinga. Data was obtained in the period of May to November of 2006. In total, 347 people amongst Caratinga residents, hotel guests and participants of cultural events (II Muriqui Festival and “Maió e Mió” São João de Minas) were interviewed. Based on the obtained data it was possible to identify the weaknesses and potentials of the FMA-NPPR which can be used to foment local ecotourism and subsidize the reserve’s management plan.lt;/pgt;

Esta tese veicula uma investigação sobre o papel do turismo para a agricultura familiar. Diante dos problemas do êxodo rural, das desigualdades sociais e das limitadas alternativas de renda para comunidades rurais brasileiras, o estudo dos efeitos do turismo torna-se pertinente para refletir sobre sua capacidade de oferecer soluções pertinentes e vantajosas para os agricultores familiares. Assim, objetiva-se aqui caracterizar e identificar elementos socioculturais e ambientais que possam se constituir em referencial para estudos do turismo e sua contribuição para agricultura familiar. Para tal propósito, realizou-se um estudo de caso na população tradicional remanescente de quilombo Mandira e Reserva Extrativista do Mandira-SP. A tese contém reflexões sobre a ruralidade, a agricultura familiar e o turismo. Efetivamente, a agricultura familiar desempenha papel importante no espaço agrário. A discussão sobre a problemática ambiental no planeta, a emergência do termo sustentabilidade, tomando lugar da noção de ecodesenvolvimento transformam a reflexão sobre a agricultura familiar e as comunidades tradicionais. Neste contexto, a abordagem teórica da multifuncionalidade da agricultura familiar constitui um meio pertinente para a leitura sobre o equilíbrio socioambiental no meio rural. Através das lentes da multifuncionalidade, há uma inter-relação profunda entre ecologia, agricultura e turismo, deste modo a pesquisa percorre o debate sobre as preocupações em torno do turismo e da agricultura familiar. Em termos de estudo empírico, analisa-se a multifuncionalidade na comunidade Mandira como ferramenta para avaliação da atividade turística local. A investigação trata notadamente da infraestrutura turística na comunidade, dos passeios propostos em Mandira, da forma de hospedagem, das reservas, das formas de divulgação, do fluxo turístico e da participação do mandiranos na atividade turística. Com esses elementos, analisamos em que medida o turismo local se ancora na cultura local, favorecendo suas manifestações e revigorando suas tradições. A multifuncionalidade da agricultura familiar em Mandira é tomada portanto para uma análise do turismo. Trata-se de considerar os efeitos desta atividade para a manutenção do tecido social e cultural, a promoção da segurança alimentar, a reprodução socioeconômica das família e a preservação dos recursos naturais e da paisagem rural. Desta maneira, concebe-se um modelo de análise original para a avaliação do turismo comunitário ou do agroturismo no Brasil. / This thesis conveys an investigation about the role of tourism in family farming. Given the problems of rural exodus, social inequalities and limited alternative sources of income for rural Brazilian communities, the study of the effects of tourism is pertinent to reflect on the ability to provide relevant and viable solutions for family farmers. Thus, the objective here is to characterize and identify socio-cultural and environmental elements that may constitute a reference for studies of tourism and its contribution to family farming. For this purpose, we performed a case study in the Mandira traditional population of remanescent of quilombo and Mandira Extractive Reserve, Brazil. The thesis contains reflections on rurality, family farming and tourism. Effectively, family farming plays an important role in the agricultural space. The discussion of environmental problems on the planet, the emergence of the term sustainability, the concept of eco-development transforms the reflection on family farms and traditional communities. In this context, the theoretical approach on multifunctionality of family farming is a useful medium for analysing the environmental balance in the rural areas. Through the lens of multifunctionality, there is a deep relationship between ecology, agriculture and tourism. Thus, the research traverses the debate concerning tourism and the family farming. In terms of empirical study, we analyze multifunctionality in Mandira community as a tool for assessing local touristic activity. The investigation deals mainly with tourism infrastructure in the community, tours, hospitality, reservations, marketing practices, tourist flow and the populatoion\'s participation in the tourism activity. With these elements, we analyze to what extent the local tourism anchors in the local culture, favoring its manifestations and reinvigorating their traditions. The multifunctionality of agriculture is taken for an analysis of tourism. It considers the effects of this activity for the maintenance of the social and cultural fabric, the promotion of food security, socioeconomic reproduction of families and the preservation of natural resources and Landscape. Thus, designing na original model for evaluating community tourism or agritourism in Brazil.