Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra förhållningssätt som lärare har till skolans      värdegrundsuppdrag på elevernas raster, samt hur de arbetar för att synliggöra skolans värdegrund. Denna undersökning baseras på sex informanter som observerats och intervjuats. Vi fann tre pedagogiska förhållningssätt som lärare intar under rasten, medveten-, partiell- och aningslös värdepedagogik. Medveten värdepedagogik innebär att läraren är medveten om sina handlingar och att dennes agerande grundar sig i försöka få eleverna att träna in värden i aktiviteter och lekar. Partiell värdepedagogik innebär att läraren är med och förmedlar värden till eleverna om situationen kräver det, dessa lärare är passiva i sin värdeförmedling tills det uppstår en situation eller händelse som anses som avvikande. Aningslös värdepedagogik innebär att lärare inte engagerar sig för att förmedla några värden överhuvudtaget, utan bara vistas på elevernas raster, men låter eleverna agera och handla utan att sätta regler eller ramar för hur eleverna förväntas eller bör uppträda. / <p>2020-06-08</p>

The topic the thesis Analysis of selected demographic and economic indicators of the ECOWAS countries is analysis of the selected economic and demographic indicators in the countries of Economic Community of West African States over the period 2010 - 2014. The main aim is to find relationship between economic growth and demography. Thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part provides the overview of the region, description of demography, economic growth and their mutual relationship as well as description of the used methods. The analytical part is focused on the construction of the composite indicators and the canonical correlation analysis.

Der Vortrag behandelt die praktische Umsetzung einer Rast in Rast Kurvenscheibensynthese (Übertragungsfunktion: modifizierte Sinoide) bis zum Ableiten einer ersten Grundform der Kurvenscheibe. Aufgezeigt werden dabei die notwendigen Schritte zur Parametrisierung der Eingabedaten wie Kurvenscheiben- und Übertragungswinkel sowie das spätere Ausleiten einer Spurkurve (Bewegungsaufzeichnung des Kontaktpunktes Kurvenscheibe/Koppel) in das Modell der Kurvenscheibe. Die folgenden notwendigen Optimierungsschritte zur Reduzierung des Krafteingriffswinkels, des Normalkraftverlaufs und der Kurvenscheiben - Mittelpunktslage werden theoretisch behandelt. Das Umsetzen der Optimierung könnte mit Hilfe des Behavioral Modeling Extension - Moduls aus Creo Elements/Pro erfolgen.

Bacterial bloodstream infections represent a severe and potentially life-threatening condition. Diagnostic tools, providing rapid species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing have a great impact on disease progression and treatment optimization. Typically, antimicrobial susceptibility testing involves a time-consuming process, and faster methods are likely to contribute in clinical settings. This study aimed to assess the reliability of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST) with a 16-20-hour incubation period for implementation in a clinical microbiology laboratory. This method was conducted alongside the standardized disk diffusion method from EUCAST, encompassing all bacterial species compatible with 16-20-hour RAST. The method was executed 80 times, and over 450 readings were performed. It confirms EUCAST's method validation, affirming 16-20-hour RAST as a swift and precise method for blood bacterial resistance determination. All inhibition zones were readable, with 89% of antibiotics tested falling within 1 mm of the set target value. Notable deficiencies were observed in antibiotic-species combinations, such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin against E. coli, and erythromycin against S. pneumoniae. Accurate interpretation of inhibition zones demands precise reading practices as some zones were ambiguous. The study also underscores the importance of overnight cultures in antimicrobial susceptibility testing via standardized disk diffusion, accentuating 16-20-hour RAST's pivotal role in potentially accelerating resistance determination by up to a day. Given its commendable performance, 16-20-hour RAST is ready to be incorporated into the standard procedures at clinical microbiology laboratories, as demonstrated by its successful adoption at Unilabs, Skövde.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RalfoGP_DISSERT_partes_autorizadas.pdf: 608925 bytes, checksum: dbfcce5de284f89c5cdaee179cdd9bc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The microorganisms play very important roles in maintaining ecosystems, which explains the enormous interest in understanding the relationship between these organisms as well as between them and the environment. It is estimated that the total number of prokaryotic cells on Earth is between 4 and 6 x 1030, constituting an enormous biological and genetic pool to be explored. Although currently only 1% of all this wealth can be cultivated by standard laboratory techniques, metagenomic tools allow access to the genomic potential of environmental samples in a independent culture manner, and in combination with third generation sequencing technologies, the samples coverage become even greater. Soils, in particular, are the major reservoirs of this diversity, and many important environments around us, as the Brazilian biomes Caatinga and Atlantic Forest, are poorly studied. Thus, the genetic material from environmental soil samples of Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes were extracted by direct techniques, pyrosequenced, and the sequences generated were analyzed by bioinformatics programs (MEGAN MG-RAST and WEBCarma). Taxonomic comparative profiles of the samples showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were the most representative. In addition, fungi of the phylum Ascomycota were identified predominantly in the soil sample from the Atlantic Forest. Metabolic profiles showed that despite the existence of environmental differences, sequences from both samples were similarly placed in the various functional subsystems, indicating no specific habitat functions. This work, a pioneer in taxonomic and metabolic comparative analysis of soil samples from Brazilian biomes, contributes to the knowledge of these complex environmental systems, so far little explored / Os microorganismos desempenham importantes fun??es na manuten??o dos ecossistemas, o que explica o enorme interesse em compreender as rela??es existentes entre estes organismos, bem como entre eles e o meio. Estima-se que o n?mero total de c?lulas procari?ticas na Terra seja entre 4 e 6 x 1030, constituindo um enorme pool biol?gico e gen?tico a ser explorado. Apesar de atualmente apenas 1% de toda essa riqueza poder ser cultivada por t?cnicas laboratoriais padr?o, ferramentas metagen?micas permitem o acesso ao potencial gen?mico de amostras ambientais de forma independente de cultivo, e em associa??o com tecnologias de sequenciamento da terceira gera??o, a cobertura amostral se torna ainda maior. Solos, em particular, s?o os maiores reservat?rios dessa diversidade, e muitos ambientes importantes ao nosso redor, como os biomas brasileiros Caatinga e Mata Atl?ntica, s?o pouco estudados. Sendo assim, o material gen?tico ambiental de amostras de solo dos biomas Caatinga e Mata Atl?ntica foi extra?do atrav?s de t?cnicas diretas, pirosequenciado, e as seq??ncias geradas foram analisadas atrav?s de programas de bioinform?tica (MEGAN, MG-RAST e WEBCarma). Perfis taxon?micos comparativos das amostras mostraram que os filos Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria e Planctomycetes foram os mais representativos. Em adi??o, fungos do filo Ascomycota foram identificados predominantemente na amostra de solo de Mata Atl?ntica. Perfis metab?licos mostraram que, apesar da exist?ncia de diferen?as ambientais, sequ?ncias de ambas as amostras foram inseridas similarmente nos diversos subsistemas funcionais, n?o indicando fun??es habitat espec?ficas. Este trabalho, pioneiro em an?lises taxon?micas e metab?licas comparativas de amostras de solo de biomas brasileiros, contribui para o conhecimento destes sistemas ambientais complexos, at? ent?o pouco explorados

No description available.

Aim and research questions The aim of the study was to examine pupils’ physical activity on schoolyards in northern Stockholm’s surrounding municipalities, based on the schoolyards’ design regarding supply of spaces, material, equipment and gender. The research questions were: 1. Was there any association between how well spaces, materials and equipment were represented in the schoolyards and pupils’ physical activity during recess? If so, how did the association come to expression? 2. Did the results differ from the previous question, regarding gender? If so, how did the difference come to expression? Method A total of 122 second grade pupils, from six schools, in northern Stockholm’s surrounding municipalities participated. A systematic observation was the basis for the categorisation of the schoolyards. The schoolyards were categorised in adequate facilities and inadequate facilities. Questionnaires were distributed to the pupils’ guardians in order to identify the pupils’ socioeconomic status and everyday physical activity. Measurement of the pupils’ physical activity was done by equipping the pupils with pedometers during a morning recess. Results The results showed that girls on schoolyards with adequate facilities were more physically active than girls on schoolyards with inadequate facilities (p&lt;0.05). No significant results on the matter were found regarding the boys. The boys in the study were more physically active than the girls during the morning recess (p &lt;0.05). The results could not reveal that any factor in the schoolyard was more important than any other. The results also showed that the only pupils who took less than 31 steps / min were based on schoolyards with adequate facilities. Conclusion The study shows that increased supply of equipment and surfaces may well be an important aspect in order to stimulate a bigger number of girls to be physically active during recess. There are, however, pupils who are physically inactive during recess, despite a variety of surfaces and equipment available on the schoolyard. We believe it to be of utmost importance, to stimulate this group of pupils to be more physically active during recess. / Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka elevers fysiska aktivitet på skolgårdar i Stockholms norra kranskommuner, utifrån skolgårdarnas utformning gällande ytor, material, utrustning och kön. Frågeställningarna var följande: 1. Fanns det något samband mellan hur väl ytor, material och utrustning representerades på skolgårdarna och elevernas fysiska aktivitet under rast? Hur yttrade sig i så fall sambandet? 2. Skiljde sig resultaten i föregående frågeställning något gällande kön? Hur yttrade sig skillnaderna i så fall? Metod Sammanlagt deltog 122 elever i årskurs två, från sex skolor, i Stockholms norra kranskommuner. En systematisk observation av skolgårdarnas utformning låg till grund för en kategorisering av skolgårdarna. Skolgårdarna delades in i de två kategorierna tillräckliga faciliteter och otillräckliga faciliteter. Enkäter delades ut till elevernas målsmän med syftet att kartlägga elevernas socioekonomiska status samt fritidsaktiviteter. Mätning av elevernas fysiska aktivitet skedde genom att eleverna utrustades med stegräknare under en förmiddagsrast. Resultat Resultaten visade att flickor på skolgårdar med tillräckliga faciliteter rörde sig mer än flickor på skolgårdar med otillräckliga faciliteter (p&lt;0,05). Bland pojkar fanns inga signifikanta resultat. Pojkarna i studien rörde sig mer än flickorna på rasten (p&lt;0,05). Resultaten kunde inte visa på att någon faktor på skolgården var viktigare än någon annan. Resultaten visade även att de enda elever som tog mindre än 31 steg/min fanns på skolgårdar med tillräckliga faciliteter. Slutsats Studien visar att ökat utbud av utrustning och ytor kan vara en väg att gå för att stimulera fler flickor till fysisk aktivitet på rasterna. Det finns dock elever som är fysiskt inaktiva på rasten, trots att utbud av ytor och utrustning finns på skolgårdarna. Det är framförallt den gruppen elever vi anser behöver stimuleras att röra sig mer.

Denna studies syfte är att beskriva elevers och pedagogers uppfattningar om den sociala interaktionen i rastmiljöer vid två skolor. Denna studie har tolkats ur ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Studiens skribenter har valt att använda ostrukturerade- och semistrukturerande intervjuer som metod, för att undersöka elevernas och pedagogernas uppfattningar om den sociala interaktionen i rastmiljöerna. I resultatet har det framkommit att eleverna anser att trygghet är detsamma som att någonting är roligt, det är viktigt att ha kompisar, känna sig trygg på rasten och att det finns många vuxna ute på skolgården. Rastvädarna anser att utomhuspedagogiken är lika viktigt som lärandet i klassrummet. Rastvärdarna arbetar aktivt med inkludering och konflikthantering för att alla elever ska känna trygghet under rasten. / <p>Godkännande datum: 2018-06-10</p>

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-15T17:45:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueCesarDeJesusFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 3079036 bytes, checksum: 669ef1f5f7345e06f0db2159cfbc3fcd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-29T20:46:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueCesarDeJesusFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 3079036 bytes, checksum: 669ef1f5f7345e06f0db2159cfbc3fcd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-29T20:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueCesarDeJesusFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 3079036 bytes, checksum: 669ef1f5f7345e06f0db2159cfbc3fcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Muitas esp?cies se especializaram em viver nos mais variados ambientes existentes demonstrando a not?vel capacidade de adapta??o do mundo microbiano as mais diversas condi??es f?sico-qu?micas. Ambientes expostos ? radia??o natural e a metais s?o escassos ao redor do mundo, apresentando uma microbiota ainda desconhecida. Com um n?mero total estimado entre 4 e 6 x 1030 microrganismos na terra, estes constituem um enorme pool biol?gico e gen?tico a ser explorado. Abordagens metagen?micas, independentes de cultivo, proporcionam uma nova forma de acesso ao potencial gen?mico de amostras ambientais tornando-se uma importante ferramenta para elucida??o de fun??es ecol?gicas, bem como para identifica??o de novas esp?cies e biomol?culas. Neste trabalho, o material gen?tico ambiental de amostras de solo e ?gua do A?ude Boqueir?o de Parelhas-RN, sob influ?ncia de radia??o natural e da presen?a de metais, foi extra?do, pirosequenciado, e as sequ?ncias geradas foram analisadas atrav?s de programas de bioinform?tica (MG-RAST e STAMP). Perfis taxon?micos comparativos de ambas as amostras mostraram alta abund?ncia do Dom?nio Bacteria, seguida por uma pequena parcela atribu?da aos Dom?nios Eucaryota, Archaea e V?rus. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria e Bacterioidetes foram os filos que mostraram maior domin?ncia em ambas as amostras. Importantes g?neros e esp?cies associados ? resist?ncia aos agentes estressores encontrados na regi?o foram observados. Sequ?ncias relacionadas ? replica??o e reparo do DNA, ao estresse oxidativo e estresse pelo calor e a resist?ncia a compostos t?xicos foram observadas, mostrando uma importante rela??o entre a microbiota e seu perfil metab?lico, influenciada pelas vari?veis ambientais regionais. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo adicionam valiosos e in?ditos dados sobre a composi??o de comunidades microbianas nestas regi?es. / Many species have specialized to live in the most varied existing environments showing the remarkable adaptability of the microbial world the most diverse physicochemical conditions. Environments exposed to natural radiation and metals are scarce around the world, presenting a microbiota still unknown. With a total number estimated between 4 and 6 x 1030 microrganisms on earth, they constitute an enormous biological and genetic pool to be explored. Metagenomic approach independent of cultivation, provides a new form to access to the potential genomic environmental samples becoming a powerful tool for the elucidation of ecological functions, metabolic profiles, as well as to identify new biomolecules. In this context, the genetic material of environmental soil and water samples from A?ude Boqueirao Parelhas-RN, under the influence of natural radiation and the presence of metals, was extracted, pirosequencing and the generated sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics programs (MG-RAST and STAMP). Taxonomic comparative profiles of both samples showed high abundance of Domain Bacteria, followed by a small portion attributable to Eucaryota Domains, Archaea and Viruses. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacterioidetes phyla showed the greater dominance in both samples. Important genera and species associated with resistance to various stressors found in region were observed. Sequences related to oxidative and heat stress, DNA replication and repair, and resistance to toxic compounds were observed, suggesting a significant relationship between the microbiota and their metabolic profile, influenced by regional environmental variables. The results of this study add valuable and unpublished data on the composition of microbial communities in these regions

The objective of this diploma thesis is to describe and to complexly evaluate Chinas one child policy from its introduction in 1979 till its abandonment in 2015. Theoretical part of thesis offers a detailed description of the policy, its application in real life, circumstances and aims that led to the implementation of the policy. Applied part of thesis analyses its effect on the fertility rate, population growth and economic growth. According to the results of this analysis one child policy helped to decline Chinas fertility rate and population growth, however its impact is just partial. The decline of Chinese population growth then contributed to the economic growth; my estimate is that it composed 40 % of average annual growth of real GDP per capita. One child policy is also responsible for raising sex ratio and ageing of population in China. These demographic problems let to its replacement by two child policy that probably wont solve these problems.