Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T19:39:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Sergio Trabali Camargo Filho.pdf: 4423367 bytes, checksum: 827592ba3f6a9d37da8d784b6ae6ffe8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18 / The environmental conditions of light, temperature and water availability, along with grazing, are major factors establishing growth and phenology of forage species. The climatic effects imprint dynamics specific to pasture ecosystems, which are generally referred as "seasonality of the pasture." This study was set in an area of Fragiudult soil, located in Serop?dica municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The experiment began with a cut to make uniform the pasture at the height of 0.05 m, in February 2002. The aim was to determine the influence of climatic and genotypes factors in the expression of features of production, also the partition of carbon and nutrients in the aerial and ground parts of the perennial grasses Cynodon nlemfuensis (stargrass Puerto Rico); Cynodon spp (Tifton-85 grass); Digitaria swazilandensis (swazi grass) and Digitaria decumbens cv. Transvala (Transvala grass). Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study: i) in the drier periods of the year, the fodder allocate more carbon and nutrients in roots than in the aerial parts of the plants; ii) the species have more or less plasticity to respond to seasonal climatic fluctuations, and periodic defoliation, evidencing differential adaptive capabilities. To check these possibilities, it was used a simple strategy trial, where, from the cut for uniformity, there were evaluated eight periods, between 03/26/02 and 01/14/03, at intervals of 42 days, sampling material of aerial and root fitomass. After processing the samples, the fresh and air dry mass were determined (kg ha-1). In the root system, the accumulation and distribution of dry weight, and the length and surface area of roots to the depth of 1.0 m were determined, by sequential extraction of monoliths (1.0 dm3) from the wall of a soil trench. In sub-samples of dried and grinded aerial parts and roots, the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium (g kg-1) were quantified. The results showed that: regardless of forage species, the root:shoot ratio (based on dry fitomass in standing fluctuated seasonally, with higher values in the dryer months of the year, and smaller in the months of highest rainfall; the species varied in their responses, evidencing the existence of phenotypic plasticity for attributes of production (accumulation of forage and root mass) and adaptive (length and specific root area), with the Tifton-85 grass outstanding by the level of productivity and stability; the magnitude of the differences between the species was controlled by the water availability, and it was amplified in the periods of increased rainfall and reduced in driest periods. The concentration of nutrients, in aerial and root biomass, responses were varied according to the nutrient, but, in general, the more nutrient concentrated in Digitaria that Cynodon, observation which was also valid for the quality of fiber. Already, the Cynodon accumulated more nutrients that Digitaria per unit area. For the relations of concentrations and accumulation of nutrients roots: shoot had little effect on the grasses and a rule, during dried periods was higher than those of rainfall period. Finally, each grass has its own dynamic in relations soil-plant-atmosphere, showing once again the different adaptive responses of these grasses. / As condi??es ambientais de luz, temperatura, disponibilidade h?drica e de nutrientes, junto com o pastejo, s?o os principais moduladores do crescimento e fenologia das esp?cies forrageiras. Os efeitos clim?ticos imprimem din?micas espec?ficas ao ecossistema pastoril, que s?o geralmente referidas como sazonalidade das pastagens . O presente trabalho foi realizado em uma ?rea de solo Planossolo, localizada no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ. O prop?sito foi o de determinar a influ?ncia dos fatores clim?ticos e genot?picos na express?o de caracter?sticas produtivas; assim como na parti??o de carbono e nutrientes entre as por??es a?reas e subterr?neas das gram?neas perenes Cynodon nlemfuensis (capim-Estrela Porto Rico); Cynodon spp (capim-Tifton-85); Digitaria swazilandensis (capim-su?zi) e Digitaria decumbens cv. Transvala (capim-Transvala). Foram formuladas duas hip?teses para orientar o trabalho: i) nos per?odos mais secos do ano, os capins alocam mais carbono e nutrientes nas ra?zes do que na parte a?rea; ii) os capins possuem maior ou menor plasticidade para responder ?s oscila??es clim?ticas sazonais e ? desfolha peri?dicas, evidenciando capacidades adaptativas diferenciais. Para verificar essas possibilidades, usou-se uma estrat?gia experimental simples, onde, a partir do corte de uniformiza??o, foram avaliados oito per?odos de crescimento, entre 26/03/02 e 14/01/03, a intervalos de 42 dias, com amostragens de fitomassa de parte a?rea e radicular. Ap?s processamento das amostras, foram determinadas a massa verde e massa seca da parte a?rea (kg ha-1). No sistema radicular, foram determinados o ac?mulo e a distribui??o da massa seca, al?m do comprimento e ?rea superficial das ra?zes at? a profundidade de 1,0 m, pela extra??o seq?encial de mon?litos (1,0 dm3) a partir da parede de uma trincheira de solo. Em sub-amostras secas e mo?das de parte a?rea e ra?zes foram determinados os teores de nitrog?nio, f?sforo, c?lcio e magn?sio (g kg-1). Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar que: independentemente do capim, a rela??o raiz: parte a?rea oscilou sazonalmente, tendo maiores valores nos meses mais secos do ano e menores nos meses de maior pluviosidade; os capins variaram as suas respostas, evidenciando a exist?ncia de plasticidade fenot?pica para atributos produtivos (ac?mulos de forragem e massa radicular) e adaptativos (comprimento espec?fico e ?rea radicular), tendo o capim-Tifton-85 se sobressa?do pelo n?vel de produtividade e estabilidade; a magnitude das diferen?as entre os capins foi controlada pela disponibilidade de ?gua, sendo amplificada nos per?odos de maior pluviosidade e reduzida nos per?odos mais secos. A concentra??o de nutrientes, tanto da fitomassa a?rea como da fitomassa radicular, tiveram respostas variadas de acordo com o nutriente, mas, de um modo geral, as Digitaria concentraram mais nutrientes que os Cynodon, observa??o que tamb?m foi v?lida para a qualidade da fibra. J?, os Cynodon acumularam mais nutrientes que as Digitaria por unidade de ?rea. Para as rela??es das concentra??es e ac?mulos de nutrientes ra?zes: parte a?rea teve poucos efeitos para os capins e, em geral no per?odo seco foram superiores aos dos per?odos chuvosos. Por fim, cada capim estabeleceu sua pr?pria din?mica nas rela??es solo-planta-atmosfera, evidenciando mais uma vez as diferentes respostas adaptativas destas gram?neas forrageiras.

No description available.

Indecent assault consists in an unlawful and intentional indecent assault which is and is intended to be indecent. There is some controversy in the case law whether the indecency is committed only by acts which are, objectively speaking indecent, against the view that even though the act is not indecent itself, may nevertheless found a conviction of indecent assault if it was the intention of the accused to act indecent and such intention was conveyed to the victim. It is submitted that the last mentioned approach is to be preferred but that the following test should be used: 1. If the act, is objectively speaking indecent and there is no doubt about the unlawfulness as well as the indecent intention of the accused, the crime of indecent assault was committed. 2. If the act is objectively speaking indecent but the indecent intention of the accused can not be proven, there is a rebuttable presumption that the accused acted with an indecent intention. Such as presumption must be rebutted b the accused himself. 3. If the act is not objectively speaking, indecent but the indecent intention of the accused can for example be proven by the accused confession to such an intention, the act became indecent. / Text in Afrikaans / Law / LL.M.

<p>In electronic commerce, systems development is based on two fundamental types of models, business models and process models. A business model is concerned with value exchanges among business partners, while a process model focuses on operational and procedural aspects of business communication. Thus, a business model defines the what in an e-commerce system, while a process model defines the <i>how</i>. Business process design can be facilitated and improved by a method for systematically moving from a business model to a process model. Such a method would provide support for traceability, evaluation of design alternatives, and seamless transition from analysis to realization. This work proposes a unified framework that can be used as a basis to analyze, to interpret and to understand different concepts associated at different stages in e-Commerce system development. In this thesis, we illustrate how UN/CEFACT’s recommended metamodels for business and process design can be analyzed, extended and then integrated for the final solutions based on the proposed unified framework. Also, as an application of the framework, we demonstrate how process-modeling tasks can be facilitated in e-Commerce system design. The proposed methodology, called BP³ stands for Business Process Patterns Perspective. The BP³ methodology uses a question-answer interface to capture different business requirements from the designers. It is based on pre-defined process patterns, and the final solution is generated by applying the captured business requirements by means of a set of production rules to complete the inter-process communication among these patterns.</p>

Submitted by Verena Pereira (verenagoncalves@uefs.br) on 2018-07-12T22:04:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CESAR ALVES_Disserta??o_Final revisado vera.pdf: 6440316 bytes, checksum: 9325061c1c7981117303732082343992 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-12T22:04:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CESAR ALVES_Disserta??o_Final revisado vera.pdf: 6440316 bytes, checksum: 9325061c1c7981117303732082343992 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 / The main objective of this work was to describe the concepts of Atomic Models, within the scenario of the teaching of chemical reactions, relating them empirically to the processes of chemical luminescence and contextualized to the phenomenon of the planetary Auroras. For this purpose, a proposal was presented to help chemistry teachers to provide students with a better understanding of more meaningful learning. The Teaching of Chemistry in Basic Education presents several challenges regarding the introduction of concepts related to the structure of matter. The approach of this project is centered in the interaction between the Astronomy and the Teaching of Chemistry, in an interdisciplinary perspective with focus in the course of didactic engineering. It is premised that this approach may attract the interest of high school students. The methodology was developed in the classrooms of the Luiz Eduardo Magalh?es College in Feira de Santana-BA. The use of a learning sequence, centered on experimental and observational phenomena where the student's performance is intensified by the possibility of self-regulation and confrontation with the proposed situations, enabled an evolution of strategies, enhancing students' cognition. In an enveloping and structured way in its four phases, the course of didactic engineering contributed to progress in improving teaching and learning, since the agreed proposal was executed and indicates that it is possible to favor the learning of concepts of Teaching Chemistry with emphasis to topics, motivating Students to learn / O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os conceitos de Modelos At?micos, dentro do cen?rio do ensino de rea??es qu?micas, relacionando-os empiricamente com os processos de luminesc?ncia qu?mica e contextualizados com o fen?meno das Auroras planet?rias. Para o efeito, foi apresentada uma proposta para ajudar os professores de qu?mica a oferecer aos alunos uma melhor compreens?o da aprendizagem mais significativa. O Ensino de Qu?mica na Educa??o B?sica apresenta v?rios desafios em rela??o ? introdu??o de conceitos relacionados ? estrutura da mat?ria. A abordagem deste projeto est? centrada na intera??o entre a Astronomia e o Ensino de Qu?mica, em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar com foco no curso da engenharia did?tica. Pretende-se que esta abordagem possa atrair o interesse dos alunos do ensino m?dio. A metodologia foi desenvolvida nas salas de aula do Col?gio Luiz Eduardo Magalh?es em Feira de Santana-BA. O uso de uma seq??ncia de aprendizagem, centrada em fen?menos experimentais e observacionais, onde o desempenho do aluno ? intensificado pela possibilidade de auto-regula??o e confronto com as situa??es propostas, permitiu uma evolu??o das estrat?gias, aprimorando a cogni??o dos estudantes. De forma envolvente e estruturada em suas quatro fases, o curso de engenharia did?tica contribuiu para o progresso na melhoria do ensino e da aprendizagem, uma vez que a proposta acordada foi executada e indica que ? poss?vel favorecer a aprendizagem de conceitos de Qu?mica de Ensino com ?nfase em t?picos, motivando esudantes para aprender

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-04-05T18:39:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANNA LUIZA SOUZA NERY REIS.pdf: 13565995 bytes, checksum: e0b6c532064d6ebee6d3a364eb9f4ecd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T18:39:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANNA LUIZA SOUZA NERY REIS.pdf: 13565995 bytes, checksum: e0b6c532064d6ebee6d3a364eb9f4ecd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This dissertation proposes a reflection on the central area of Po?os de Caldas and the historical assets present in it, focusing on the forms of appropriation and uses of public spaces and remaining buildings, from 1946 to 2016. It seeks to understand the transformations of the central area, and its distinct characteristics, considering its importance as a place that concentrate public and private investments, which brings together the most significant buildings of the city, essential, therefore, to think about proposals and guidelines for its urban development. Present since the origin of the city, the most evident cultural patrimony, composed of assets inventoried and registered by the municipality and IEPHA - (Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage of Minas Gerais) known as ?Complexo Hidrotermal e Hoteleiro de Po?os de Caldas ?. It is one of the elements analyzed in this work. The research begins with a historical reconstruction of the urban transformations and the definition of the successive perimeters of central area, in the face that the changes occurred in the center are emblematic to understand the own city?s transformation. It?s analyzed the phenomena that affect the central area, as unfolding of the economic activities, in particular, the tertiary sector and the tourist activity, since the marks of each period remain in its territory, in urban tracts, buildings and public spaces, understood As elements that evoke urban memory. It is understood that knowing them and understanding them as a whole, in their physical, economic and cultural dimensions, is the first step in preserving them. / Este trabalho prop?e uma reflex?o sobre a ?rea central de Po?os de Caldas e os bens de interesse hist?ricos presentes nela, com foco nas formas de apropria??o e usos dos espa?os p?blicos e edif?cios remanescentes, no per?odo de 1946 at? 2016. Procura compreender as transforma??es da ?rea central, em suas caracter?sticas distintas, tendo em vista sua import?ncia como lugar de concentra??o de investimentos p?blicos e privados, que re?ne os edif?cios mais significativos da cidade, essencial, portanto, para pensar propostas e diretrizes para seu desenvolvimento urbano. Presente desde a origem da cidade, o patrim?nio cultural mais evidente, composto por bens inventariados e/ou tombados pelo munic?pio e pelo IEPHA - (Instituto Estadual do Patrim?nio Hist?rico e Art?stico de Minas Gerais) conhecido como ?Complexo Hidrotermal e Hoteleiro de Po?os de Caldas?, ? um dos elementos analisados neste trabalho. A pesquisa se inicia por uma reconstru??o hist?rica das transforma??es urbanas e da defini??o dos sucessivos per?metros de ?rea central, em face de que as mudan?as ocorridas no centro s?o emblem?ticas para entender a pr?pria transforma??o da cidade. S?o analisados os fen?menos que incidem sobre a ?rea central, como desdobramentos das atividades econ?micas, em especial, do setor terci?rio e da atividade tur?stica, dado que remanescem em seu territ?rio as marcas de cada per?odo, nos tra?ados urbanos, edif?cios e espa?os p?blicos, entendidos como elementos que evocam a mem?ria urbana. Entende-se que conhec?-los e compreend?los como conjunto, em suas dimens?es f?sica, econ?mica e cultural, ? o primeiro passo para preserv?-los.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Katia Roberta Fernandes.pdf: 2143619 bytes, checksum: 6ff7127f4642317cf1f53d7aceb93f1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The aim of the present study was to evaluate the natural and experimental infection of B. equi in nymphs and adult Boophilus microplus using optical microscopy and molecular analysis. The experimental infection was observed in nymphs, males and females of B. microplus fed on equines chronically infected with B. equi and in non fed larvae and eggs. For the experiments two equines, of not defined breed, proven to be infected with B. equi were used. The animals were infested with B. microplus larvae of generation F4 obtained from a laboratory maintained population, known to be free of Babesia spp. infection. Daily collections of ticks were realized using as starting point the ecdisys to nymph state. After the collection the hemolymph was examined and the intestine and salivary glands were dissected, smashed on glass slides for microscopy, methanol treated and stained with Giemsa. There were dissected 860 specimens (432 nymphs, 280 females and 148 males). The dissected salivary glands were divided into two parts. The first one was smashed on microscopy glass slides, stained and examined by optical microscopy for morphologic analyses. From the second part was realized DNA extraction and PCR with specific primers for the 18S rRNA. On optical microscopy of nymph hemolymph was possible to be observed the presence of kinetes with claviform aspect characteristic for the genus Babesia. In the salivary glands of B. microplus nymphs the morphology and the sequence of developmental stages of B. equi were observed initiating on day 4 after ecdysis, being possible to see in acinary cells the formation of sporoblasts and ovoid sporozoites measuring 1.5 &#956;m of diameter and elongated sporozoites with 3.8 to 5.2&#956;m of length and 0.8 to 1.5 &#956;m of width. The PCR confirmed the presence of B. equi in DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of nymphs, male and female ticks as well as in larvae and eggs. To evaluate the natural infection were collected nymphs and adult B. microplus from two equines naturally infested by these ticks and naturally infected with B. equi. These horses were originated from Seropedica city in the state of Rio de Janeiro. There were dissected 324 specimens (145 nymphs, 138 females and 41 males). The proceedings with the salivary glands were identical to the previously described for the experimental infection. Of the salivary glands submitted to PCR, 70% showed to be infected with B. equi. Microscopical analysis of the salivary glands revealed the presence of sporoblast stages and the development of elongated sporozoites in acinary glands. The morphologic, morphometric and molecular analysis confirmed the experimental and natural infection of the salivary glands of nymphs and adult B. microplus with B. equi. The results of the present study show the ability of B. equi to develop in this tick species. The detection of B. equi DNA in eggs and larvae also suggests the possibility of transovarian transmission in B. microplus. The results allow to consider the tick B. microplus as a potential biologic vector of B. equi in horses from the studied region. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a infec??o natural e experimental de Babesia equi em ninfas e adultos de Boophilus microplus por meio de microscopia ?ptica e an?lise molecular. A infec??o experimental foi observada a partir de ninfas, machos, f?meas, ovos e larvas n?o alimentadas de B. microplus alimentados em equinos com infec??o cr?nica por B. equi. Para a realiza??o do experimento foram utilizados dois eq?inos, mesti?os, com infec??o por B. equi. Os animais foram infestados com larvas de B. microplus de gera??o F4 obtidas de col?nia mantida em laborat?rio e livres de infec??o por Babesia spp. A partir da ecdise para ninfa foram realizadas coletas di?rias. Ap?s a coleta foram realizados os exames de hemolinfa e extra??o do intestino e das gl?ndulas salivares os quais foram macerados em l?minas de vidro para microscopia, fixados em metanol e corados com Giemsa. As gl?ndulas salivares dissecadas foram divididas em duas partes. A primeira parte foi macerada em l?minas de vidro para microscopia, corada com corante Giemsa e observada em microsc?pio ?tico para an?lise morfol?gica. A segunda parte foi realizada a extra??o de DNA, sendo submetida a PCR com primers especif?cos para o gene 18S rRNA para B. equi. Foram dissecados 860 esp?cimes (ninfas= 432; f?meas= 280 e machos= 148). Na microscopia ?ptica foi poss?vel observar nas hemolinfas das ninfas a presen?a de cinetos com aspecto claviforme t?picos do g?nero Babesia. Nas gl?ndulas salivares, a morfologia e a seq??ncia dos est?gios de desenvolvimento de B. equi das ninfa s de B. microplus, foram observadas a partir do 4? dia ap?s ecdise, sendo poss?vel observar nos ?cinos celulares a forma??o de esporoblastos e de esporozo?tas ov?ides medindo 1,5 &#956;m de di?metro e alongados medindo 3,8 a 5,2&#956;m de comprimento e 0,8 a 1,5&#956;m de largura. A rea??o em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) confirmou a presen?a de B. equi em DNA de gl?ndulas salivares extra?das de ninfas, machos, f?meas, assim como dos ovos e larva. A infec??o natural foi observada a partir de ninfas e adultos de B. microplus coletados de dois eq?inos naturalmente infestados e comprovadamente infectados por B. equi, procedentes do munic?pio de Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro. Foram dissecados 324 esp?cimes (ninfas= 145, f?meas= 138 e machos= 41). O processamento das gl?ndulas salivares dissecadas foi semelhante ao descrito para infec??o experimental. Das gl?ndulas salivares submetidas a PCR, 70% apresentaram resultados positivos para B. equi. As an?lises por microscopia ?ptica das gl?ndulas salivares das ninfas e dos adultos revelaram a presen?a nos ?cinos celulares os est?gios de esporoblastos e o desenvolvimento de esporozo?tas alongados. As an?lises morfol?gicas, morfom?tricas e moleculares confirmaram a infec??o experimental e natural das gl?ndulas salivares de ninfas e adultos de B. microplus por B. equi. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram a capacidade de multiplica??o de B. equi em gl?ndulas salivares de ninfas e adultos de B. microplus. A detec??o de DNA de B. equi em ovos e larvas de B. microplus tamb?m sugere a possibilidade da transmiss?o transovariana nesta esp?cie de carrapato. Estes resultados sugerem que o carrapato B. microplus ? vetor biol?gico de B. equi na regi?o estudada.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-04T13:32:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 2012 - Camilla Moretto dos Reis-Vol1.pdf: 1863013 bytes, checksum: 5fa46c188ac85027e33b3f48437e7d93 (MD5) 2012 - Camilla Moretto dos Reis-Vol2.pdf: 3610423 bytes, checksum: 9d3a5c0af42a031668e742fc1156f436 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T13:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 2012 - Camilla Moretto dos Reis-Vol1.pdf: 1863013 bytes, checksum: 5fa46c188ac85027e33b3f48437e7d93 (MD5) 2012 - Camilla Moretto dos Reis-Vol2.pdf: 3610423 bytes, checksum: 9d3a5c0af42a031668e742fc1156f436 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Nowadays the demand for cleaner and more efficient synthetic processes have been deemed very important, especially due to environmental aspects. Thus, this thesis describes the synthesis of a series of 20 tiossemicarbazidas, nine class of N4-substituted obtained from the reaction of isothiocyanates with different hydrazine hydrate and eleven Class of N1,N4-disubstituted obtained from the reaction of isothiocyanates with different phenyl hydrazine. We used the traditional method by stirring at room temperature, the microwave irradiation and solid-solid maceration for preparing such compounds, the latter methodology to that presented the best performances for the compounds synthesized in only two minutes of reaction. The antioxidant activity of tiossemicarbazidas was evaluated experimentally by the method of DPPH, indicating significant activity for most of the derivatives tested. The tiossemicarbazidas N4-substituted synthetic precursors were derived from the class of 36 thiosemicarbazones, which have also been obtained by three different methodologies from the reaction of different aromatic aldehydes with tiossemicarbazidas N4-substituted. The methodology used by traditional reflux, the microwave irradiation in the presence of organic solvent and microwave irradiation in the absence of solvent, the latter method was allowed to obtain products with better results with only 3 minutes of reaction. All 36 of thiosemicarbazones derivatives were tested against the fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus parasiticus, with moderate activity for some of the derivatives tested. The tiossemicarbazidas N1,N4-disubstituted are synthetic precursors of the 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide hydrochlorides mesoionic class. Eleven mesoionic derivatives were obtained by microwave irradiation, from tiossemicarbazidas N1,N4-disubstituted with different aromatic aldehydes. We also evaluated the cytotoxic activities from some of the synthesized mesoionic lines K562 human leukemia and Jurkat, as well as in the line of Daudi lymphoma, obtaining satisfactory and very promising results for some of the compounds tested. Furthermore, the compounds mesoionic were tested for in vivo activity against L. amazonensis and L. infantum and also opposite the trypanothione reductase enzyme L. amazonensis, L. infantum, L. braziliensis and T. cruzi showing significant activity indicating the potential use of these compounds as anti-parasitic agents / Nos dias atuais as demandas por processos sint?ticos mais limpos e eficientes t?m sido consideradas muito relevantes, devido especialmente aos aspectos ambientais. Assim, este trabalho de tese relata a s?ntese de uma s?rie de 20 tiossemicarbazidas, sendo nove da classe das N4-substitu?das, obtidas a partir da rea??o de diferentes isotiocianatos com hidrazina hidrato e onze da classe das N1,N4-dissubstitu?das obtidas a partir da rea??o de diferentes isotiocianatos com fenil hidrazina. Utilizou-se a metodologia tradicional por agita??o a temperatura ambiente, a irradia??o de micro-ondas e a macera??o s?lido-s?lido para a prepara??o desses compostos, sendo esta ?ltima metodologia a que apresentou os melhores rendimentos para os compostos sintetizados em apenas 2 minutos de rea??o. A atividade antioxidante das tiossemicarbazidas foi avaliada experimentalmente pelo m?todo do DPPH, indicando atividade significativa para a maioria dos derivados testados. As tiossemicarbazidas N4-substitu?das foram os precursores sint?ticos de 36 derivados da classe das tiossemicarbazonas, que tamb?m foram obtidas por tr?s metodologias diferentes a partir da rea??o de diferentes alde?dos arom?ticos com as tiossemicarbazidas N4-substitu?das. Utilizou-se a metodologia tradicional por refluxo, a irradia??o de micro-ondas na presen?a de solvente org?nico e a irradia??o de micro-ondas na aus?ncia de solvente, esta ?ltima metodologia foi a que permitiu a obten??o dos produtos com melhores rendimentos em apenas 3 minutos de rea??o. Todos os 36 derivados das tiossemicarbazonas foram testados frente aos fungos Aspergillus parasiticus e Candida albicans, apresentando moderada atividade para alguns dos derivados ensaiados. As tiossemicarbazidas N1,N4-dissubstitu?das foram os precursores sint?ticos dos cloridratos mesoi?nicos da classe 1,3,4-tiadiaz?lio-2-aminida. Onze derivados mesoi?nicos foram obtidos via irradia??o de micro-ondas, a partir das tiossemicarbazidas N1,N4-dissubstitu?das com diferentes alde?dos arom?ticos. Foram avaliadas, tamb?m, as atividades citot?xicas de alguns dos mesoi?nicos sintetizados nas linhagens leuc?micas humanas K562 e Jurkat, assim como na linhagem de linfoma Daudi, obtendo-se resultados bastante promissores e satisfat?rios para alguns dos compostos ensaiados. Al?m disso, os compostos mesoi?nicos foram ensaiados quanto ? atividade in vivo frente a L. amazonensis e L. infantum e tamb?m frente ? enzima tripanotiona redutase de L. amazonensis, L. infantum, L. braziliensis e T. cruzi mostrando atividade significativa indicando a potencial utiliza??o desses compostos como agentes anti-parasit?rios.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-02-01T11:44:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO SEMERIA RUSCHEL.pdf: 4638678 bytes, checksum: d4d1202cce0328177e98030dac7e0f3d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-01T11:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO SEMERIA RUSCHEL.pdf: 4638678 bytes, checksum: d4d1202cce0328177e98030dac7e0f3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-21 / This work presents the potential of carbon sequestration and provision of other ecosystem services in the Permanent Preservation Areas along the watercourses of the city of Campinas-SP. Also, the cost associated with the carbon sequestration service was calculated and how much the municipality would benefit from creating a market for the carbon credits generated in the reforestation projects in these areas. It was shown that the commercialization of credits would cover up to 46% of the project implementation costs. In addition to carbon sequestration, the recovery of PPAs along watercourses provides additional ecosystem services to the municipality, which if contemplated in the cost-benefit analysis of reforestation projects represent the largest portion of the total benefits. Therefore, the inclusion of the benefits generated by the additional ecosystem services has proved to be fundamental to make the recovery of PPAs economically viable. / Este trabalho apresenta o potencial de fixacao de carbono e provisao de demais servicos ecossistemicos das Areas de Preservacao Permanente ao longo dos cursos d?agua do municipio de Campinas-SP. Ainda, calculou-se o custo associado ao servico de fixacao de carbono e o quanto o municipio se beneficiaria ao criar um mercado para os creditos de carbono gerados nos projetos de reflorestamento destas areas. Foi demonstrado que a comercializacao dos creditos cobriria ate 46% dos custos de implantacao dos projetos. Alem da fixacao de carbono, a recuperacao das APPs ao longo de cursos d?agua proporciona servicos ecossistemicos adicionais ao municipio, e que se contemplados na analise custo-beneficio dos projetos de reflorestamento representam a maior porcao dos beneficios totais. Portanto, a inclusao dos beneficios gerados pelos servicos ecossistemicos adicionais mostrou-se fundamental para tornar a recuperacao das APPs economicamente viavel.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-22T18:59:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Andr? Luis Oliveira Villela.pdf: 14328753 bytes, checksum: ce4f856fddd576111ae58d83bad8de61 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T18:59:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Andr? Luis Oliveira Villela.pdf: 14328753 bytes, checksum: ce4f856fddd576111ae58d83bad8de61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / CAPES / PETROBRAS / The Brazilian territory region covered by the Amazon rainforest, due to its continental dimensions and difficulty of access and various interests in extractive activities, has great demand for information to provide support for the occupation, exploitation, and systematic recuperation thus keeping environmental safeguards. The regional soil information available is scarce and in scales inconsistent with the current demands, and the investments in new areas of research in the region is still insufficient. With technological developments, especially in the area of informatics that enables the storage and analysis of large banks of pedological data, the soil mapping techniques improved considerably. Pedometric techniques have been used to store and to explore large databases, thus enabling the improvement of existing soil databases and allowing manufacture of new products in larger scale and mapped areas, with low investment required. The hypothesis of this study is that the technique of reference area may allow the systematic digital mapping of soils from the Solim?es Formation, in the Amazon State. The general objective was to develop and compare methods for mapping soils in the Oil Province Uruc? (AM), using relief covariates. A conventional pedological survey of an area of 8.000 hectares, at the detail level, was executed to be used as a reference area (RA), in the augmentation of the map using digital soil mapping (MDS) techniques for an area of 73.000 hectares after downscaling and grouping of the legend. The numerical modeling of the terrain (MDT) was used (11 covariates derived from MDT) for further application of this soil formation factor as a predictor of the map units, in discriminant functions (DF), and in an expert system based on a tree model classification (AC). Four MDS models were developed, where two were trained using the studied region conceptual model of the pedologist, and the other two were trained with models based on a statistical analysis of the reference area information. The techniques were effective for predicting the mapping units (MU) in the study region, with overall accuracy (EG) ranging from 74.62 % to 88.81 %, and the kappa index was between 0.68 and 0.85. The MDS based in the expert system and AC showed significantly better results in terms of the kappa index, general EG, and the EG for 3 of the 4 mapping units in the area. Although the FD had not the highest accuracy levels, they showed a great potential for use in MDS, especially for preliminary mapping for the pedological survey of new regions, using knowledge of AR neighboring areas. The limitations were observed in the use of FD for mapping unities with small territorial expression, and it is recommended to increase the number of training observations in a way inversely proportional to the frequency of observation of these MUs. The major contribution of this work to scientific community was the establishment of bases and techniques of MDS, using AR and the soil relief relationship, for systematic mapping of new soils form Solim?es Formation. / A regi?o do territ?rio brasileiro coberta por floresta tropical amaz?nica, por suas dimens?es continentais e dificuldade de acesso e interesses diversos em atividades extrativistas, apresenta forte demanda por informa??es gerais que possam servir como subs?dio para a ocupa??o, explora??o e recupera??o ordenada e ambientalmente equilibrada. As informa??es pedol?gicas dispon?veis sobre a ?rea s?o escassas e em escalas incompat?veis com as demandas atuais, e os investimentos em novas frentes de pesquisa na regi?o ainda s?o insuficientes. Com a evolu??o tecnol?gica, sobretudo na ?rea da inform?tica que possibilita o armazenamento e an?lises de extensos bancos de dados pedol?gicos, as t?cnicas de mapeamento pedol?gico v?m se aperfei?oando consideravelmente. T?cnicas de pedometria t?m sido utilizadas para armazenar e explorar grandes bancos de dados e t?m possibilitado o aperfei?oamento das bases pedol?gicas existentes e permitido a confec??o de novos produtos em escala e ?reas mapeadas maiores, com menores investimentos exigidos. A hip?tese deste trabalho ? de que a t?cnica de ?rea de refer?ncia permite o mapeamento digital sistem?tico dos solos da regi?o da forma??o Solim?es, e o objetivo geral foi desenvolver e comparar m?todos de mapeamento de solos da Forma??o Solim?es, na Prov?ncia Petrol?fera de Urucu, AM, utilizando covari?veis do relevo. Foi executado um levantamento pedol?gico convencional de uma regi?o com 8.000 ha, em n?vel de detalhe para ser utilizado como ?rea de refer?ncia (AR) para a amplia??o do mapa, com t?cnicas de mapeamento digital de solos (MDS) para uma ?rea de 73.000 ha com redu??o de escala e agrupamento de legenda. Foi ent?o elaborada modelagem num?rica do terreno (MDT) (11 covari?veis derivadas do MDT) para posterior utiliza??o deste fator de forma??o do solo, como preditor das unidades de mapeamento, em fun??es discriminantes (FD) e um sistema especialista baseado em modelo de ?rvores de classifica??o (AC). Foram desenvolvidas 4 cartas MDS, sendo duas treinadas por modelos baseados no modelo conceitual do ped?logo sobre a regi?o em estudo, e duas treinadas por modelos baseados em an?lise estat?stica de informa??es sobre a ?rea de referencia. As t?cnicas mostraram-se eficientes para predi??o de unidades de mapeamento (UM) na regi?o de estudo, com exatid?o global (EG) variando entre 74,62% a 88,81% e ?ndice kappa entre 0,68 e 0,85. O MDS baseado em sistema especialista e AC apresentou resultados sensivelmente melhores em termos de ?ndice kappa, EG geral e EG para 3 das 4 UM da ?rea. Embora as FD n?o tenham apresentado os maiores ?ndices de acur?cia, estas tem grande potencial de uso em MDS, sobretudo para a confec??o de mapas preliminares para o levantamento pedol?gico de novas regi?es, utilizando-se do conhecimento de AR de ?reas vizinhas. Foram observadas limita??es no emprego de FD para o mapeamento de UM?s com pequena express?o territorial, sendo recomend?vel o aumento do n?mero de observa??es de treinamento inversamente proporcional ? frequ?ncia de observa??o destas UM?s. A maior contribui??o deste trabalho para a comunidade cient?fica foi o estabelecimento de bases e t?cnicas de MDS, utilizando AR e rela??o solo-relevo para o mapeamento sistem?tico de novas ?reas da forma??o Solim?es.