The aim of this study is to describe and analyze how teachers can create participation in the work of classroom blogs for students in language-, reading- and writing difficulties. Another aim is also to see what challenges and possibilities it brings. The issue addressed in this study is how the educational work can be planned, how the teachers describe that they create participation for students with language-, reading- and writing difficulties, and the strengths and weaknesses that are present in this way of work. The purpose and issues of the study were answered through semi-structured interviews where the questions in an interview-guide were sent to the participants in advance, to give them the opportunity to reflect on the issues that should be addressed. The interviews have been recorded and then transcribed. All participants were selected from a list of active blogs and the main focus area was primary education grade 1-6. All teachers in the study have a broad experience of classroom blogging. The result showed how teachers, through their work with classroom blogs, create great variation in their teaching. Recipients for students' work were a big motivation factor for the students, and the teachers in the study invited the students in the educational planning. Thanks too many forms of expressions such as text production, images and moviemaking students are given the opportunity to express themselves in what way they feel comfortable in. It also offers good opportunities for participation for all students. One difficulty in this type of work is the teachers’ need of technical knowledge, and the anxiety students with language-, reading- and writing difficulties may feel when they are going to publish an online text. / Studiens syfte är att beskriva och analysera hur lärare kan skapa delaktighet kring arbetet med klassblogg hos elever i språk-, läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Syftet är också att se vilka utmaningar och möjligheter arbetet medför. De frågor som studien belyser är hur det pedagogiska arbete med klassblogg kan se ut, hur pedagogerna beskriver att de skapar delaktighet för elever i språk-, läs- och skrivsvårigheter samt vilka styrkor och svagheter som finns med detta arbetssätt. Frågeställningarna och studiens syfte är besvarade genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer där frågorna i intervjuguiden skickats ut till informanterna i förväg för att de innan intervjun skulle få möjlighet att fundera över frågorna som skulle behandlas. Intervjuerna har spelats in och sedan transkriberats. Samtliga informanter valdes ut ifrån webbstjärnans lista över aktuella bloggar och fokusområdet var årskurs 1-6. Samtliga pedagoger i studien har en bred erfarenhet av bloggar i undervisningen. Resultatet visade hur pedagogerna genom sitt arbete med klassbloggar skapar stor variation i sin undervisning. Eftersom att bloggarna är publika får elevernas texter en mottagare utanför klassrummet. Något som är en stor motivationsfaktor för eleverna. Pedagogerna i studien bjuder in eleverna i planeringen av undervisningen vilket skapar ett gott undervisningsklimat. Tack vare de många uttrycksformer så som text, bild och film eleverna kan använda i arbetet med sin klassblogg skapas goda möjligheter till delaktighet hos samtliga elever. En svårighet i arbetssättet med bloggar är det tekniska kunnande det fodrar av personalen. En annan svårighet som upplevs är oroskänslan som elever i språk-, läs och skrivsvårigheter kan känna när de skall publicera en text online.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka några lärares uppfattningar, strategier och förutsättningar för att arbeta med STL- metoden för elever i läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Frågeställningarna som står i fokus är hur lärarna i studien uppfattar att metoden påverkar lärandet för elever i läs- och skrivsvårigheter, strategier och förutsättningar som krävs för att arbeta med metoden och anpassningar som behövs för att eleverna i läs- och skrivsvårigheter ska få ut det mesta av metoden. Studien bygger på fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med verksamma lärare i STL- metoden, skriva sig till lärande, med olika erfarenheter av läs- och skrivlärande samt olika många år inom yrket. Vid intervjuerna användes en intervjuguide och under samtalets gång ställdes följdfrågor. Intervjuerna transkriberades för att sedan blir analyserade med hermeneutiken utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Resultat visar på några faktorer som är viktiga vad det gäller STL som arbetssätt för elever i läs- och skrivsvårigheter som till exempel anpassa uppgifter, anpassa responsarbete, organisera grupp eller pararbete, uppdatera kompensatoriska hjälpmedel och arbeta med klimatet i klassen så att elever i svårigheter känner sig inkluderade, som en i gemenskapen och motiverade till sitt arbete. / The purpose of the study is to investigate some teachers' perceptions, strategies and conditions for working with the WTL (Writing to Learn) method for students in reading and writing difficulties in earlier years. The issues that are in focus is how the teachers in the study perceive that the method affects the learning of students in reading and writing difficulties such as, strategies and conditions required for working with the method and adjustments necessary for students in reading and writing difficulties, how they will get the most out of the method. The study is based on five semi-structured interviews with experienced teachers practising the WTL method, with different experiences of literacy teaching and different many years in the profession. The interviewer used an interview guide and follow-up questions were asked during the interview. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed with hermeneutic from a sociocultural perspective. Results indicated some factors that are important in terms of the WTL method for students in reading and writing difficulties, such as adapting tasks, customize response work, organizing group or pair work, update compensatory aids and work with the climate in the class so that students in reading and writing difficulties feel themselves included as one in the community and motivated in their work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:45:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissABL.pdf: 6341606 bytes, checksum: 16c0c100fd3c16c4089f0b78475d5ef7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The present study investigated the effects of the training of psychology students in the application of a software developed for teaching reading skills to children with reported academic failure. This training was composed by teaching conditions proposed from the elaboration of a teaching program. These conditions was developed for promoting those children s learning, based on a technology derived from the experimental analysis of behavior in the context special education. For the implementation of the training, the students were presented with different suggested teaching conditions: presentation of the exercises in the classroom; visit to the laboratory, which included a presentation of how the computerized program works; simulation of settings in which the program was applied; participative supervision of the participant s performance; reading of the manual with written instructions. A follow up on the upholding of learning in the participant s performance was also performed with no direct interference by the experimenter (final observation). The teaching conditions were assessed in terms of the contribution of each condition in the development of educational capabilities in the participants, as well as in terms of possibilities of improvement of each condition. The target behaviors (skills to be developed in the participants) were observed and recorded in terms of occurrence, non-occurrence, or aided occurrence; a different set of target behaviors were recorded as they occurred during the sessions of application of the software. The results from 22 participants that were presented with the different conditions of the training program were grouped by the 10 possible sequences of presentation of the conditions. In general, all participants showed an increase in the percentage of target behaviors performed, with a decrease in the percentage of occurrence and aided occurrence recorded between the first and the last condition. In addition, was analyzed the conditions individually (simulation, supervision and final observation) independent of the sequence of conditions to which they were presented. An evaluation of the teaching conditions by the participants was also used, with the assessment of their opinion on the positive and negative aspects of the training. The main conclusions on the relative contribution of each condition were: the simulation condition seemed to be more efficient in reducing the frequency of non-occurrence of the target behaviors; the supervision condition seemed to be more efficient in reducing aided occurrence of the target behaviors; it was not possible to make inferences about the impact of reading the manual, as participants that were not presented with this condition had a similar performance when compared with the participants the were presented with that condition performance of the participants was unstable, which suggests the need for revising relevant aspects to the development of teaching programs; the number of sessions might have played a more important role in the participants performance than the sequence of conditions to which they were presented. Finally, the present study raised important issues to be considered in the training of new agents, and suggests further experiments to investigate the limitations observed. / Este estudo investigou o impacto da capacitação de estudantes de Psicologia na aplicação de um programa informatizado, software especialmente desenvolvido para ensinar leitura e escrita a crianças com histórico de fracasso escolar. A capacitação foi composta por diferentes condições de ensino, as quais foram propostas a partir da elaboração de um programa de ensino desenvolvido para promover a aprendizagem dos estudantes; a proposta teve como base a tecnologia derivada da Análise Experimental do Comportamento e sua aplicação no contexto da Educação Especial. Para a implementação do programa de capacitação, os participantes do estudo foram exposto às diferentes condições de ensino propostas, sendo: apresentação das atividades em sala de aula; visita ao laboratório com demonstração do funcionamento do programa informatizado; simulação de situações de aplicação do programa informatizado; monitoramento participativo do desempenho dos participantes; leitura do manual com instruções escritas. Houve ainda uma situação em que foi feita a observação da manutenção da aprendizagem, sem interferência direta do pesquisador no desempenho dos participantes (observação final). As condições de ensino foram avaliadas em termos da contribuição de cada uma delas para desenvolver competências educativas nos participantes, bem como para obter subsídios para o aperfeiçoamento destas condições. Os comportamentos-alvo (habilidades a serem desenvolvidas nos participantes) foram observados e registrados conforme sua ocorrência, não-ocorrência ou ocorrência com ajuda de outra pessoa; um outro conjunto de comportamentos-alvo foi registrado conforme a freqüência de ocorrência durante as sessões de aplicação do programa informatizado. Os resultados são de 22 participantes nas diferentes condições do programa de capacitação, agrupados de acordo com as seqüências de apresentação das condições pelas quais eles passaram, num total de dez seqüências dentre as possíveis combinações. De modo geral, todos os participantes apresentaram aumentos nas percentagens de ocorrência dos comportamentos-alvo e redução de não-ocorrência e ocorrência com ajuda entre a primeira e a última condição observada. Foi analisado ainda, o desempenho dos participantes em cada condição isoladamente (simulação, monitoramento e observação final), independente da seqüência de condições realizada por eles. Ocorreu, também, uma avaliação feita pelos participantes sobre as condições de ensino e os aspectos positivos e negativos da capacitação. As principais conclusões sobre o grau de contribuição das diferentes condições, a partir dos dados de desempenho dos participantes foram: a condição de simulação parece ter sido mais eficaz na redução da não-ocorrência dos comportamentos-alvo; a condição de monitoramento parece ter sido mais eficaz na redução da ocorrência dos comportamentos-alvo com ajuda; não foi possível concluir o impacto da condição de Leitura do Manual, já que participantes que não foram expostos a essa condição tiveram um desempenho semelhante a outros participantes que foram expostos a essa condição; houve variações de desempenho dos participantes que pode indicar a necessidade de rever aspectos relevantes para a construção de Programas de Ensino; o número de sessões realizadas pelos participantes parece ter tido maior impacto no desempenho dos participantes do que a seqüência de condições realizadas por eles. Por fim, há a indicação de aspectos importantes a serem considerados na capacitação de novos agentes, com sugestões de estudos futuros para investigar algumas limitações encontradas neste estudo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2499.pdf: 6093568 bytes, checksum: 2439d3458892a6d73470eba34c28d75d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-20 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The goal of this study was to develop a program of object-playing tasks to teach nameobject relations, and to verify its effects on learning reading and writing. To teach reading participants were exposed to a computerized teaching program based on the stimulus equivalence paradigm. Thirteen students, aged seven to ten years old, participated in both teaching and object-playing tasks. These tasks were organized in three conditions. Condition one (Object) taught objects naming and the second Condition (Ilustration) taught pictures naming. In both conditions, the tasks made use of words that were taught in the reading and writing procedure. The third condition (Control) taught picture naming as well; however, these pictures were different from those used in the teaching program. Nine words were taught, three familiar, three nonfamiliar and three pseudo-words. The object-playing tasks were always completed before the teaching phases that targeted non-familiar and pseudo-words. Four students were assigned to the Object Condition, four were assigned to the Illustration Condition, and five were assigned the Control Condition. A multiple baseline design across words was used for the analysis of individual performances in reading acquisition. The number of assessment sessions varied across participants, from 11 to 54 sessions. This meant that participants had to be exposed to many sessions of retraining. It was observed that, regardless the teaching condition, the number of teaching sessions was fewer for learning familiar words than it was for learning non-familiar and pseudo words, which suggests that familiarity is a relevant variable in the reading acquisition. All participants learned to name the objects or pictures that represented the aimed words of this study, implying that object-playing tasks were efficient to teach the name-object relations. However, the results did not indicate differences between Object and Illustration conditions concerning reading acquisition. These results also suggest that the material format did not have a critical influence on the number of assessment sessions completed by participants. Instead, the critical variable on reading acquisition was the establishment of matching printed to dictated words from which reading emerged. / O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um programa de atividades recreativas para ensino de relações nome-objeto e verificar seus efeitos na aprendizagem de leitura e escrita em um programa informatizado baseado no paradigma de equivalência de estímulos. Treze alunos, com idades entre sete e dez anos, participaram de atividades de ensino informatizadas e de atividades recreativas. Essas atividades foram organizadas em três condições para ensinar a nomeação de objetos (Condição Objetos) ou figuras (Condição Ilustrações) referentes às palavras para as quais eram ensinados os repertórios de leitura e escrita ou ensinar a nomeação de figuras referentes a um conjunto de palavras que não eram empregadas no procedimento de ensino de leitura (Condição Controle). Foram ensinadas nove palavras, três familiares, três nãofamiliares e três pseudo-palavras. Antes dos passos de ensino das palavras nãofamiliares e pseudo-palavras eram realizadas as atividades recreativas. Quatro alunos foram expostos à Condição Objetos, quatro à Condição Ilustrações e cinco alunos à Condição Controle. Para a análise dos desempenhos individuais quanto à aquisição de leitura foi empregado um delineamento de linha de base múltipla entre palavras. O número de passos de avaliações realizados até atingir o critério de 100% de acertos nas tarefas de leitura, nomeação de figuras e leitura com compreensão variou entre os alunos, entre um mínimo de 11 e o máximo de 54 avaliações, o que significa que foi necessária uma grande quantidade de re-treinos. Independente da condição de ensino, a aprendizagem de leitura foi mais rápida para palavras familiares, requerendo mais tempo para palavras não-familiares e mais ainda para pseudo-palavras, confirmando que a familiaridade é uma variável relevante para a aquisição de leitura. Todos os alunos aprenderam a nomear os objetos ou figuras representativos das palavras alvo do estudo, sugerindo que as atividades recreativas foram eficazes no ensino das relações nomeobjeto, mas os resultados não indicaram diferenças na aprendizagem de leitura quanto às condições Objetos ou Ilustrações. Os resultados sugerem que a forma do material não exerceu papel crítico. A variável crítica para a aquisição de leitura continuou sendo o estabelecimento das relações palavra impressa palavra falada das quais derivam a emergência de leitura.

Esta tese apresenta uma pesquisa de doutorado desenvolvida com o objetivo de compreender como uma prática pedagógica que toma os projetos de trabalho como fio condutor do planejamento para o ensino e a aprendizagem de leitura e escrita na universidade atende aos princípios do modelo dos letramentos acadêmicos. A reprodução do discurso do déficit do letramento de alunos ingressos nessa esfera social é a problemática que desencadeia a realização desta pesquisa. O estudo é resultado de uma pesquisa-ação, realizada no Centro Universitário UNIVATES, localizado na cidade de Lajeado – RS, durante o ano de 2013. O foco de investigação baseou-se no estudo das práticas de letramento e das aprendizagens de 42 alunos matriculados na disciplina de Leitura e Produção de Texto I, oriundos de 15 cursos diferentes, organizados em 11 grupos de trabalho. Investiguei as ações dos participantes dos projetos de trabalho, do ponto de vista das relações que estabeleciam com os materiais escritos e referenciados pela escrita no desenvolvimento do projeto. Para geração de dados lancei mão de métodos inspirados na área da etnografia, obtendo o seguinte conjunto: diários de campo, notas de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas, fotografias, documentos referentes à disciplina e produções orais e escritas dos participantes dos projetos de trabalho. Parti, portanto, do estudo de letramento como prática social e de estudos que se debruçam sobre o conceito de projetos de trabalho para compreender se essa prática pedagógica atende aos princípios do modelo dos letramentos acadêmicos. Além disso, considerei os estudos dos letramentos acadêmicos, a fim de compreender como os estudantes se engajam nas práticas de leitura e escrita no contexto acadêmico. Ao final desta pesquisa, considero que: a) os textos lidos e escritos pelos participantes se tornaram relevantes; b) nos projetos de trabalho, o percurso não é fixo, mas serve de fio condutor para o planejamento e o (re)planejamento das ações; c) o trabalho em grupo reconfigura os papéis dos participantes e do professor; d) os participantes dos projetos adquirem vocabulário para falar de textos; e) os princípios definidos para o desenho da disciplina de Leitura e Produção de Texto I com base no modelo dos letramentos acadêmicos negam o discurso do déficit; f) os projetos possibilitam tratar os alunos como colaboradores no desenvolvimento dos letramentos acadêmicos. Desse modo, é possível afirmar que os estudantes se engajaram nas práticas de letramento acadêmico valendo-se especialmente do diálogo, do fazer juntos, do negociar as decisões, impondo novos modos de fazer e de dizer na universidade. / This thesis presents a doctoral research aiming to understand how a pedagogical practice that considers working projects as a planning guideline for reading and writing teaching and learning at the University meets academic literacy model principles. The reproduction of students literacy deficit in this social field is the trouble that triggers the development of the research. The study results from an action-research carried out at UNIVATES - University Center in Lajeado/RS in 2013. Research was based on literacy practice and learning of 42 students from 15 different programs that were enrolled in the Text Reading and Production I Course organized in 11 work groups. Work project participants actions were investigated regarding associations established with written materials and referenced by writing in the project development. Ethnography methods were used for data collection ensuing in field journals, field notes, semi-structured interviews, photographs, papers concerning the course, and work project participants oral and written production. Literacy as a social practice and studies focusing on the concept of working projects were taking into consideration in order to understand if such pedagogical practice meets the academic literacy model principles. In addition academic literacy studies were taken into account in order to understand how students engage in academic context reading and writing practice. At the end of the research it is believed that a) written and read texts by participants were relevant; b) route is not fixed in work projects, but it works as a guideline for planning and (re) planning actions; c) group work reconfigures the roles of participants and professor; d) participants acquire vocabulary for text discussion; e) principles for planning Text Reading and Production Course refuse deficit; and f) projects regard students as collaborators in academic literacy development. Therefore it is possible to conclude that students got involved in academic literacy practices mainly through dialoguing, working together, discussing decisions, and introducing new ways of working and stating in the university. / Esta tesis presenta una investigación de doctorado desarrollada con el objetivo de comprender cómo una práctica pedagógica que tiene los proyectos de trabajo como hilo conductor del planeamiento para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de lectura y escritura en la universidad atiende a los principios del modelo de los letramientos académicos. La reproducción del discurso del déficit del letramiento de alumnos que llegan a la universidad es la problemática que desencadena la realización de este estudio. El trabajo es resultado de una investigación-acción llevada a cabo en el Centro Universitário UNIVATES, ubicado en la ciudad de Lajeado – RS, durante el año 2013. El foco de la investigación fue el estudio de las prácticas de letramiento y de los aprendizajes de 42 alumnos matriculados en la asignatura de Leitura e Produção de Texto I, provenientes de 15 diferentes cursos, organizados en 11 grupos de trabajo. Investigué las acciones de los participantes de los proyectos de trabajo desde el punto de vista de las relaciones que establecían con los materiales escritos y referenciados por la escritura en el desarrollo del proyecto. Para generar los datos, eché mano de métodos inspirados en el área de la etnografía, obteniendo el siguiente conjunto: diarios de campo, notas de campo, entrevistas semiestructuradas, fotografías, documentos referentes a la asignatura y producciones orales y escritas de los participantes de los proyectos de trabajo. Partí, por lo tanto, del estudio de letramiento como práctica social y de estudios que discuten el concepto de proyectos de trabajo para comprender si esa práctica pedagógica atiende a los principios del modelo de los letramientos académicos. Además de eso, consideré los Estudios de los letramientos académicos, a fin de comprender cómo los estudiantes se involucran en las prácticas de lectura y escritura en el contexto académico. Al final de esta investigación, considero que: a) los textos leídos y escritos por los participantes se hicieron relevantes. b) en los proyectos de trabajo, el recorrido no es fijo, sino sirve de hilo conductor para el planeamiento y el (re) planeamiento de las acciones. c) el trabajo en grupo reconfigura los papeles de los participantes y del profesor. d) los participantes de los proyectos adquieren vocabulario para hablar de textos. e) los principios definidos para el diseño de la asignatura de Leitura e Produção de Texto I niegan el discurso del déficit. f) los proyectos hacen posible tratar a los alumnos como colaboradores en el desarrollo del letramiento académico. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que los estudiantes se involucraron en las prácticas de letramiento valiéndose sobre todo del diálogo, del hacer juntos, del negociar las decisiones, imponiendo nuevos modos de hacer y de decir en la universidad.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / O trabalho relata a experiÃncia da gestÃo municipal da EducaÃÃo em Sobral, no perÃodo de 2001 a2004, quando, num contexto de intensa municipalizaÃÃo do ensino fundamental e de deterioraÃÃo dos resultados de aprendizagem dos alunos da 4 sÃrie, esse MunicÃpio implementou, com sucesso, uma polÃtica de alfabetizaÃÃo na idade certa, definindo como meta prioritÃria a alfabetizaÃÃo de 100% dos alunos atà os sete anos de idade. O trabalho està organizado em trÃs eixos. No primeiro, de contextualizaÃÃo, sÃo abordados, pela anÃlise documental e estatÃstica, os elementos relevantes à acelerada municipalizaÃÃo da EducaÃÃo, ocorrida no paÃs a partir de 1995. No segundo eixo, à apresentada a experiÃncia da gestÃo da EducaÃÃo desenvolvida no MunicÃpio de SobralâCearÃ, com foco no quadriÃnio 2001-2004. ApÃs breve relato das aÃÃes e resultados do perÃodo anterior, descrevem-se com detalhes as medidas da gestÃo e os resultados educacionais e pedagÃgicos do perÃodo de 2001 a 2004, com Ãnfase para as avaliaÃÃes externas de leitura e escrita. O terceiro eixo à de reflexÃo e sÃntese. Neste, incursiona-se pela histÃria econÃmica, polÃtica, social e educacional brasileira, considerando o passado e buscando vislumbres de futuro; que fatores passados e presentes permitem entender como uma sociedade pode ter crescimento sem escolas e escolarizaÃÃo para todos, como foi o caso do Brasil entre os anos 30 e 80, ou, ainda, ter escolas e escolarizaÃÃo, sem que nestas haja aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita, condiÃÃo bÃsica para aprendizagens mais amplas e diversas, como foi o caso do paÃs nos anos 90 e nesta primeira metade desta nova dÃcada? Entende-se que o relato e a reflexÃo em torno desta experiÃncia podem constituir efetiva contribuiÃÃo ao fortalecimento, nos municÃpios brasileiros, da gestÃo da educaÃÃo pÃblica, com vistas à superaÃÃo dos graves problemas com que esta ainda se defronta. Entre estes, e com absoluta prioridade, o do analfabetismo escolar. / The present study reports an undertaking by the Municipal Administration of Education in the city of Sobral, State of CearÃ, from 2001 to 2004, where, within a context of intense municipalization of elementary school teaching in Brazil and deterioration of the learning results of 4th graders, this municipality has successfully implemented a policy of literacy at the right age, which defines as its major goal having a 100 percent of the students from Sobral able to read and write by the age of seven. This study has been organized in three basic aspects. The first aspect deals with the statistics and analysis of relevant elements of the municipalization process of education, which took place in the country from 1995 on. The implementation of the educational policy adopted at the municipal level in Sobral is reported in the second aspect of this study, focusing the period ranging from 2001 to 2004, with particular emphasis on the external evaluations of reading and writing. The third and last aspect is one of reflection and synthesis, when the economical, political, social, and educational history of Brazil is taken into account, in order to understand the past and get a glimpse of the future. Last but not least, a question is proposed: which past and present factors allow us to understand how a society can grow without schools or schooling for all its members, as was the case in Brazil from the 30âs to the 80âs? Or to have schools and schooling in which there was no mastering of reading, the basic condition for wider and diverse learning, as happened in this country in the 90âs and the first half of this decade? We believe that the report of this experiment and its analysis can become an effective tool to strengthen the municipal administration of public education with the aim of overcoming the serious problems it still faces, among which, and with absolute priority, school illiteracy.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur verksamma lärare ser på användning av högläsning som pedagogiskt redskap för att utveckla elevers läs- och skrivförmåga. I studien har fyra lärare som arbetar i årskurserna F-2 intervjuats kring högläsning som pedagogiskt redskap. Studien följde en semistrukturerad intervjuform och lärarna valdes ut genom ett så kallat snöbollsurval. Resultat visar att lärarna, precis som forskning visar att högläsning som pedagogiskt redskap har positiva effekter på elevers läs- och skrivutveckling. Lärarna poängterar att lärarens förhållningssätt till läsning är en av de bidragande faktorerna till elevers läsintresse men också att högläsning möjliggör en varierad undervisning. I studien framkommer det att lärarna anser att högläsning bidrar till utveckling av ordförråd, grammatik, förmågan att tolka  texter  och göra kopplingar till egna erfarenheter. / The purpose of this thesis is to study how working teachers view the use of read-aloud as a pedagogical tool to develop pupils’ reading and writing skills. Four primary- school teachers have been interviewed for this study and they were chosen through a snowball sampling. The result shows that both the teachers in this study and previous research consider read-aloud as a pedagogical tool to have a positive effect on pupils’ development of reading and writing skills. The teachers in this study point out that teachers’ attitude towards reading is one significant aspect to pupils’ reading interest, but also that read-aloud allows a variation in the education. In this study, the result shows that the teachers believe that read-aloud activities contribute to the development of vocabulary, grammar, the ability to interpret and    make    connections    to    their   own experiences.

Abstract The aim of the study is to investigate how three pedagogues with different orientations work with reading and writing difficulties in the same school. A qualitative method with interviews and observations of the teachers was applied to investigate the methods used by a special education teacher, a class pedagogue and a special education pedagogue, and the needs for support in the teaching of pupils with reading and writing difficulties. In the design of interview questions and observation protocols and the processing of the collected data, the research method has been deductive, which means that themes based on the aim of the study and previous research were the starting point for the categorization of the data. The results of the study show that the group of pupils with reading and writing difficulties is problematic because the needs for support vary greatly and because, according to the pedagogues, the iPad was the device that contained the alternative tools that were able to give the pupils the best support. It is important to have variation in the teaching, and different apps can offer this. The theoretical premise of the study is the socio-cultural perspective which revealed itself in the way that, no matter what difficulty the pupil has, support from the pedagogues is needed to advance in the learning process, and this should take place in social interaction between pedagogue and pupil.

THESIS TITLE Children with Specific Language Impairment in the School Environment ABSTRACT The thesis focuses on children with specific language impairment (also called developmental dysphasia) in the school environment and it is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part consists of four chapters. The first chapter describes specific language impairment and related terminology, defines a younger school-age child and also deals with causes, diagnosis and therapy of specific language impairment. The second chapter discusses social and communication skills of a child and the impact of specific language impairment on these skills. The third chapter concentrates on reading, writing and particular influences of specific language impairment which are associated with the development of other disorders and difficulties. The fourth chapter describes adaptation of a child with specific language impairment to the school environment. The empirical part consists of qualitative research, designed as multiple case studies, that was carried out among five younger school-age respondents. It attempted to determine how specific language impairment affects a child in the school environment and the empirical part contains results of this research. Besides the analysis and data interpretation, the...

This thesis is in its theoretical part focusing on reading literacy, reading pre-literacy, projects to promote literacy in the Czech Republic and reading corner in kindergarten.The research is based on qualitative research using a strategy of multiple case studies of purposely chosen kindergartens and methods of observation, interviews and content analysis.The aim of this research was to determine how and for what purpose the reading corner in kindergartens is used. The basic research questions are: How the reading corners help in the development of reading literacy in kindergartens, specific research questions elaborate it as follows: How can reading corner be equipped in kindergarten; how kindergarten schools receive books and magazines; how well do they know today's market offerings; what activities are implemented in reading corner in kindergarten; what led the teacher / director to create a reading corner; how does children feel about the reading corner themselves. The results showed a diverse approach to the phenomenon of kindergarten reading corner. Kindergartens agreed on the positive impact of reading corners on the development of reading pre-literacy of girls and boys, especially in the case of free children's games, as well as in controlled activities. We can indicate a weak spot in a lack of...