Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-04-25T21:31:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Mariane Miguel.pdf: 1999200 bytes, checksum: 9cfc1de6cc49f2eae01cc5b2c0a63c4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T21:31:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Mariane Miguel.pdf: 1999200 bytes, checksum: 9cfc1de6cc49f2eae01cc5b2c0a63c4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / This study has as its subject conceptions and reading practices expressed in final year childhood education teachers’ registries and talks. The main goal is to analyse these reading and writing conceptions and practices in a school in Santo André – SP. Its subjects are 6 teachers who work with 4 and 5 year-old children and the pedagogic assistant from the same school. To discuss reading and writing, this work will use the theories proposed by Ferreiro & Teberosky (1985), Ferreiro (2004) and Lerner (2002). Contributing with the question regarding public policies and the pedagogic perspective of work in childhood education there are the works from Oliveira (2014) and Kramer (2006). This research’s methodology has a qualitative character (ANDRÉ, 2001), such as an intervention-research based on action-counteraction-action from the educational praxis (FREIRE, 1993, 2003), and have been developed as a data collection procedure: a. documental analysis of the school’s Political-Educational Project, from semi-annual planning, from the teachers’ diaries and group reports; b. 3 (three) continuing education meetings in service with participating teachers; c. 2 (two) individual interviews with the school’s pedagogic assistant. These discourses were analysed by Bardin’s content analysis (2011). Regarding the results, it is possible to recognize that the teachers are following a path that shows some distancing from preparatory practices for literacy, which are historically characterized by the presentation of letters, one by one, in alphabetic order, copies and letter contours, amongst other mechanic-perceptive exercises and, in a movement of overcoming such perception of literacy, they intend to include daily reading practices, activities in which children are encouraged to read and write words and texts from their respective contexts. However, such process is marked by contradictions, since the town’s public policy does not provide a clear guidance regarding childhood education literacy. The courses promoted by the Education Secretariat to their professionals emphasise concepts of childhood, of playing and of childhood culture, but do not specifically touch the question of reading and writing. In this context, it is noted that there are conflicting concepts and practices regarding the mode by which literacy for 4 and 5 year-olds in the public school is conducted and the reasons for that. It is concluded that an in-service continuing education policy articulated with childhood education and elementary education curricular guides could be organically organised, in a continued perspective of reading and writing learning processes, considering the educational needs from both teachers and children inserted into this educational system. / Este estudio tiene por objeto las concepciones y prácticas de lectura y escritura expresas en los registros y los testimonios de profesores de los últimos años de la Educación Infantil. El objetivo principal es analizar estas concepciones y prácticas de lectura y escritura en una escuela en la ciudad de Santo André - SP. Sus sujetos son seis maestras que trabajan con grupos de niños de 4 y 5 años y el asistente pedagógico de la unidad. Para la discusión de la lectura y de la escritura se utilizarán los marcos teóricos de Ferreiro y Teberosky (1985), Ferreiro (2004) y Lerner (2002). Para las políticas públicas y la perspectiva pedagógica de trabajo en la educación de la primera infancia han sido buscados conceptos de Oliveira (2014) y Kramer (2006). Se ha adoptado el método de investigación cualitativa (ANDRÉ, 2001), del tipo investigación-intervención con bases en la acción-reflexión-acción de la praxis educativa (FREIRE, 1993, 2003). Para la recolección de datos se ha utilizado: a. el análisis documental del Proyecto Político-Pedagógico de la unidad escolar, de los planes semestrales y diarios de los maestros y de los informes de los grupos; b. Tres (3) reuniones de formación continuada en servicio con los maestros participantes; c. Dos (2) entrevistas individuales con y el asistente pedagógico de la escuela. Los discursos han sido analizados a partir de la perspectiva del análisis de contenido de Bardin (2011). En cuanto a los resultados, hay indicios de que los maestros están transitando en un camino que muestra cierta distancia de las prácticas preparatorias para la alfabetización, que históricamente se caracterizan por la presentación de las letras una a una en el orden del alfabeto, copias y contornos de letras y otros ejercicios perceptivo-motores y, en un movimiento de superación de esta concepción de la alfabetización, intentan incluir prácticas de lectura diaria, actividades en las que se propone a los niños leer y escribir palabras y textos de sus respectivos contextos. Sin embargo, este proceso está marcado por contradicciones, ya que la política pública del municipio no deja orientación clara sobre la alfabetización en la Educación Infantil. Las formaciones próvidas por la Secretaria de Educación a los profesionales del sistema de enseñanza enfatizan las concepciones de la infancia, del jugar y de las culturas infantiles y no abordan específicamente el tema de la lectura y escritura. En este contexto, verifica hay conceptos y prácticas incompatibles respecto al por qué y al cómo alfabetizar los niños de 4 a 5 años en la escuela pública. Se concluye que una política de formación continuada para el servicio que sea coordinada con las directrices curriculares para la Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria puede abordar de manera más orgánica, en una perspectiva de continuidad, el proceso de aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades de formación tanto de los profesores como de los niños de la red de educación. / Este estudo tem por objeto as concepções e práticas de leitura e escrita expressas nos registros e nas falas das professoras dos anos finais da Educação Infantil. O principal objetivo é analisar estas concepções e práticas de leitura e escrita numa escola da cidade de Santo André - SP. Tem como sujeitos 6 professoras que trabalham com as turmas de crianças de 4 e 5 anos e a assistente pedagógica da unidade escolar. Para a discussão da leitura e escrita serão utilizados os referenciais teóricos de Ferreiro & Teberosky (1985), Ferreiro (2004) e Lerner (2002). Contribuindo com a questão das políticas públicas e a perspectiva pedagógica do trabalho na Educação Infantil têm-se Oliveira (2014) e Kramer (2006). A metodologia de pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo (ANDRÉ, 2001), do tipo pesquisa-intervenção embasada na ação-reflexão-ação da práxis educativa (FREIRE, 1993, 2003), tendo sido realizados como procedimentos de coleta de dados: a. análise documental do Projeto Político-Pedagógico da unidade escolar, dos planejamentos semestrais e diários das professoras e relatórios de grupo; b. 3 (três) encontros de formação continuada em serviço com as professoras participantes; c. 2 (duas) entrevistas individuais com a assistente pedagógica da escola. Os discursos foram analisados na perspectiva da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Quanto aos resultados, constata-se que as professoras estão percorrendo um caminho em que mostram um certo distanciamento das práticas preparatórias para a alfabetização, as quais historicamente caracterizam-se pela apresentação das letras uma a uma, na ordem do alfabeto, cópias e contornos de letras, entre outros exercício perceptivo-motores e, num movimento de superação dessa concepção de alfabetização, buscam incluir práticas diárias de leitura, atividades em que se propõe às crianças lerem e escreverem palavras e textos de seus respectivos contextos. Entretanto, esse processo é marcado por contradições, uma vez que a política pública do município não deixa clara a orientação a respeito da alfabetização na Educação Infantil. As formações promovidas pela Secretaria da Educação às profissionais da rede de ensino enfatizam as concepções de infância, do brincar e das culturas infantis, não tratando de modo específico a questão da leitura e da escrita. Nesse contexto, verifica-se que há concepções e práticas conflituosas no que diz respeito ao por quê e ao como alfabetizar crianças de 4 a 5 anos na escola pública. Conclui-se que uma política de formação continuada em serviço que esteja articulada com as diretrizes curriculares da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental poderá tratar de modo mais orgânico, numa perspectiva de continuidade, o processo de aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita, tendo em vista as necessidades de formação tanto das professoras quanto das crianças da rede de ensino.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka metoder lärare tycker fungerar i undervisningen av elever med läs- och skrivproblematik och hur de motiverar dem i förhållande till forskningen. Detta undersökts genom intervjuer med lärare och specialpedagoger på mellanstadiet. Resultatet av studien visar på att det är lärarens kunskaper om olika metoder och strategier som avgör om undervisningen blir lyckad eller inte. Detta beror på att alla strategier och metoder inte passar alla elever direkt utan behöver anpassas och bytas ut allteftersom eleven utvecklas. Hela tiden ska fokus ligga på vad som fungerar bäst för eleven. Undervisningen ska anpassas efter elevens behov och inte tvärtom. Samtidigt är det många i studien som påpekar att de anpassningar som är bäst är de som kan appliceras på hela klassen och inte enbart är för en elev. Det här är någonting som lärarna och specialpedagogerna jag har intervjuat håller med om men samtidigt använder de endast en metod, Rydaholmsmetoden. / The purpose of this study is to investigate what methods teachers think work best in teaching pupils with reading and writing problems and place that in relation to the research. This was done through interviews with middle school teachers and special educators. The result of the study shows that it is the teacher's knowledge of different methods and strategies that determine whether the teaching is successful or not. This is because all strategies and methods do not fit all pupils directly, but need to be adapted and replaced as the pupils develops. All the time, the focus should be on what works best for the pupils. Teaching should be adapted to the needs of the pupils and not the other way around. At the same time, many in the study point out that the best adaptations are those that can be applied to the whole class and not just for one pupil. This is something that the teachers and special educators I interviewed agree with, however, they only use one method, the Rydaholms method.

Thesis entitled Modernization of initial reading and writing in the 1st grade primary school using the methods RWCT and the interactive whiteboard in the theoretical section summarizes current concepts of teaching reading and writing, as well as defining new procedures, their use and benefit in teaching reading and writing. The practical part examines the applied methods and compares achievements of students attending the first class of primary school. Followed by a questionnaire survey of information, knowledge and experience with these methods for educators of 1st grade primary school.

The aim of this thesis is to acquaint readers with the functional ways of the development of reading literacy of pupils in primary school, and to find out how and with what results these way can be aquired from the position of primary school teacher and pupils. The theoretical part is focused on reading literacy, its components, the stages and the factors that influce its development. It defines concepts of reading, reading comprehension, and related reading skills and strategies. It deals with the development of reading literacy at school. It describes pupils of the primary school and key competences of the primary school teacher. The thesis also describes which components of reading literacy can be developed among pupils and what the appropriate projects in the Czech Republic are. The final chapter focuses on the methods that support the development of reading literacy among pupils, especially the RWCT (Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking) program and their inclusion during lessons. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to find out the answer to these research questions: How to effectively develop reading literacy of pupils at primary school? How and with what results can the teacher of primary school acquire functional ways of the development of reading literacy? The practical...

I dagens skola finns ingen entydig uppfattning om hur den första skrivinlärningen ska ske, med penna och papper eller med hjälp av digitala verktyg. Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra elevtexter från årskurs 3 skrivna efter traditionell skrivundervisning och metoden Att skriva sig till läsning (ASL). Frågeställningarna i studien handlar om skillnader mellan olika kategorier skrivares texter utifrån helhet och struktur, meningar, ord samt tecken. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är det sociokulturella perspektivet med medierande resurser, och texttriangeln används som teoretisk analysmodell. Materialet som ligger till grund för denna studie är 24 elevtexter från nationella provet i svenska i årskurs 3. Texterna är hämtade från fyra klasser där två fått traditionell skrivundervisning och två undervisats efter ASL-metoden. Från varje klass finns två elevtexter skrivna av säkra skrivare, två av medelsäkra skrivare och två av mindre säkra skrivare. Texterna är analyserade utifrån texttriangeln med hjälp av lix-generatorn och Word. Resultatet i studien är tvetydigt och visar inte vilken skrivundervisningsmetod som är mest fördelaktig för textens helhet. Vidare visar resultatet att ASL-metoden är gynnsam för elevtexters längd och ordvariation samt användandet av styckeindelning och talstreck. Eleverna som undervisats efter denna metod skriver dessutom längre grafiska och syntaktiska meningar. Resultatet visar också att traditionell skrivundervisning gynnar elevers stavning. Dock finns det inga tydliga skillnader mellan metoderna när det gäller elevtexternas andel långord och teckenfel. Slutligen visar resultatet att skrivundervisningsmetoderna kan vara fördelaktiga för olika kategorier skrivare.

Teaching mathematics means teaching learners to think – wrote Polya in How to Solve It? 1957. This paper intends to offer mathematics teachers suggestions for incorporating reading, writing, and speaking practices in the teaching of mathematics. Through explicit examples and explanations we intend to share ways of engaging students in deep learning of mathematics, especially using and producing written and oral texts. More specifically, we plan to broaden and deepen teachers’ understanding of strategies for guiding students’ thinking so that they grasp mathematical concepts and processes, and also bridge the divide between mathematical processes, and written and oral communication. This paper presents a core math lessons which provides numerous opportunities for the students to get actively engaged in the lesson and think about the new concepts, algorithms and ways of solving problems/ exercises. The lesson was designed for the 7th graders (13 year-olds). It was chosen to illustrate teaching by using reading and writing for understanding math processes. The teacher’s reflections after the lesson and some samples of the students’ work and feedback are included in the paper. The material in this paper is based on the author’s own extensive teaching experience; and her work in the Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking project in Romania.

Följande studie presenterar hur verksamma lärare för årskurs 1–3 beskriver sitt arbete för att gynna den muntliga utvecklingen samt läs- och skrivutvecklingen för flerspråkiga elever. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten utgörs av det sociokulturella perspektivet, med särskilt fokus på stöttning och proximal utvecklingszon. Materialet består av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare på fem skolor och i fyra kommuner. Det insamlade materialet har transkriberats och sedan analyserats med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat visar att samtliga lärare använder elevens förstaspråk som resurs i svenskundervisningen både för muntlig utveckling och läs- och skrivutveckling genom varierade arbetssätt. En likhet i lärarnas svar är att samtliga lärare arbetar med stöttning i undervisningen, till exempel bildstöd, cirkelmodellen och digitala hjälpmedel. En skillnad i lärarnas svar var att några beskrev att de använde sig av lekar och rörelser i undervisningen för de flerspråkiga eleverna, medan andra lärare inte nämner att de använder den typen av arbetssätt.

Due sono le constatazioni di base che guidano questo elaborato: la complessità che caratterizza le odierne classi richiede agli insegnanti di differenziare la proposta didattica; spetta al docente saper individuare eventuali difficoltà di apprendimento e/o disturbi specifici (DSA) al fine di favorire un percorso scolastico rispettoso delle peculiarità di ciascuno. Cosa succede, però, quando lo studente con DSA è di origine migratoria ed è bilingue? Il disturbo ha reali basi neurobiologiche o è piuttosto correlato alle fatiche di veicolare l’apprendimento attraverso una lingua diversa da quella parlata in ambito familiare? Il dato da cui partire è quello rilevato in letteratura in merito alla scarsità, in ambito nazionale, di test clinici per DSA strutturati e standardizzati su chi parla più di una lingua. Da ciò consegue la necessità di implementare un’azione a monte, al fine di migliorare l’appropriatezza degli invii ai Servizi Sanitari o agli Enti accreditati: un percorso da attuare con il personale docente. A questo scopo l’indagine intende favorire tra gli insegnanti una corretta informazione circa la distinzione tra disturbo specifico dell’apprendimento e difficoltà di letto-scrittura in alunni bilingui figli di migranti. Inoltre, l’insegnante è chiamato ad appropriarsi di una forma mentis capace di cogliere in maniera attenta e rispettosa le peculiarità di ciascun allievo, unico nella sua arricchente diversità: un insegnante flessibile, disposto a sperimentare una didattica di tipo differenziato. / This thesis is based on two fundamental observations: nowadays classes are becoming ever more complex and diverse. Therefore, teachers must diversify the didactic proposal. It’s up to the educator to identify any learning difficulties and / or learning disabilities (LD), in order to favor a scholastic path that respects the peculiarities of each pupil. What happens, however, when the students with LD come from an immigrant family and they are bilingual? Does the disorder really have a neurobiological bases? Or is it rather related to the effort of learning through a language that is not the native language for the children? The starting point is the one found in literature regarding the national scarcity of clinical tests for LD structured and standardized on those who speaks more than one language. For these reasons it is needed an upstream action, in order to make the advice of teachers more specific towards those children with difficulties who have to undertake a diagnostic assessment process. That is why it is important to encourage greater awareness among teachers and correct information about the difference between specific learning disabilities and reading-writing difficulties in bilingual learners with a migrant background. Furthermore, the inclusive teacher must have a mindset aimed at knowing in a careful and respectful way the peculiarities of each student. Every child is unique in its enriching diversity: we need a flexible teacher, motivated to implement the differentiated instruction.

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Over the past years, there has been a consistent call from Government and industry for South African tertiary institutions to deliver more graduates in the fields of science and technology. This, however, is no mean feat for universities, as the pool of prospective candidates delivers very few students with the necessary academic literacy abilities, and very few students who passed mathematics and science at the right levels to succeed in science higher education. This puts tertiary institutions under mounting pressure to accept students who are under-prepared and to support these students appropriately. The plight of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institutions like the University of South Africa (UNISA) is even more desperate, as they are often left with those students who are either unable to gain entrance into, or to afford the study fees of, residential universities. These students are often in greater need for face-to-face interaction than are their counterparts at residential universities, yet they generally receive very little of this. The intervention examined and critiqued in this study is an attempt at raising the academic literacy levels of first-year students at UNISA in the fields of science and technology by means of a 60-hour face-to-face workshop programme. As its foundation, it uses the principles of collaborative learning and authentic material design. It also treats academic literacy abilities as interdependent and holistic. This study starts with a broad overview of the context. This is followed by a review of the literature. This review focuses on concepts such as collaborative learning, academic literacy, English for academic purposes, English for specific purposes and English for science and technology. Thereafter, a needs analysis is done in which students’ Test for Academic Literacy Levels (TALL) pre-test results, as well as a sample of their assignments, are examined. In addition, the workshops in this intervention programme are analysed individually. To determine the effectiveness of the academic literacy intervention, students’ pre- and post-TALL results are scrutinised, and a feedback questionnaire filled in at the end of the year is analysed. Subsequently, recommendations are made as to how the workshop programme could be improved. Findings show that the academic literacy intervention did improve students’ academic literacy levels significantly, though the improvement is not enough to elevate students from being considered at-risk. However, with fine-tuning the existing programme, the possibility exists that students’ academic literacy levels might be further improved. This calls for a careful examination of the areas in which students’ performance did not improve significantly. Student feedback indicated a positive attitude towards the entire intervention programme, as well as a marked preference for collaborative learning and face-to-face interaction. In the redevelopment of the current workshop programme, such preferences would have to receive attention, so as to integrate students’ wants, together with what they lack and what they need, in subsequent interventions. In conclusion, the limitations of this study are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research, as the current study must be seen as only the beginning of a process of action research that could lead to a sustainable intervention programme in future. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Unit for Academic Literacy / Afrikaans / unrestricted