Le tourisme constitue un poids significatif pour la Tunisie. Ses impacts économiques sur le pays sont considérables (6% du PIB et plus de 386 000 emplois directs et indirects en 2009). Cependant aujourd’hui, ce secteur touristique fait face à de nombreuses difficultés. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une politique de relance du tourisme en Tunisie. Elle est structurée en deux parties. Dans la première, le diagnostic du tourisme tunisien montre que le secteur souffre à deux niveaux : stratégique (la gestion du secteur est laissée au privé sans intervention de l’Etat, ce qui donne lieu à une faible rentabilité de certains hôtels, un fort endettement à cause de la pratique de prix « moins cher » et l’esprit de l’ « affaire familiale ») et qualitatif (l’épuisement du modèle fordiste). La thèse expose les limites d’un fordisme quantitativiste, puis démontre qu’une nouvelle lecture de marché touristique est nécessaire pour réaliser une performance économique durable. Dans cette perspective, la mise en œuvre d’une évaluation économique et environnementale s’impose. Dans la deuxième partie, à partir d’un territoire précis (île de Djerba), il s’agit de réfléchir à des nouvelles trajectoires. Le travail suppose la construction d’indicateurs pertinents de performance économique et environnementale en vue d’améliorer la qualité des méthodologies d’évaluation de la rentabilité du secteur touristique. Au niveau économique, l’étude propose une nouvelle méthode permettant d’apprécier l’impact économique du tourisme sur l’île de Djerba. Cette méthode appelée « méthode de masses », s’inspire de la théorie de la croissance ou du développement. Elle nécessite la détermination des activités directes, indirectes et induites. Les indicateurs mesurés sont : la Valeur Ajoutée (VA), l’Excédent Brut d’Exploitation (EBE) et l’Emploi (E). Les résultats obtenus montrent que les activités directes les plus génératrices de richesse et d’emplois sont l’hôtellerie dans un contexte de tourisme de masse. Pour les activités indirectes, il s’agit de la consommation des produits agroalimentaires, des produits agricoles et de la pêche. La méthode proposée permet de reconstruire une image de la place du tourisme conforme à la structure observée de l’économie locale. Le résultat remet en cause les coefficients multiplicateurs proposés dans les travaux antérieurs. Ces résultats peuvent constituer une base de réflexion pour le décideur politique relativement aux projets de développement touristique futurs. Au niveau de l’évaluation de l’état de lieux de l’environnement, elle permet au tourisme djerbien de défendre son avenir. Cette évaluation porte aussi sur la dimension environnementale et propose une analyse des instruments réglementaires mis en place à Djerba ainsi que la possibilité d’intégrer les nouveaux instruments proposés par l’Organisation Mondiale du Tourisme dont l’objectif est la recherche d’un développement durable de l’activité touristique qui ne mettre pas en péril la richesse naturelle de l’île. / Tourism is a significant resource for Tunisia. Its economic impacts on the country are considerable (6% of GDP and over 386 000 direct and indirect jobs in 2009). But today, the tourism sector is facing many difficulties. This thesis is part of a plan to boost tourism in Tunisia. It is structured in two parts. The first diagnosis of the Tunisian tourism sector shows that it suffers on two levels: strategic (management is left to the private sector without government intervention, which leads to low profitability of some hotels, a high debt because of the pricing practice and the family business model) and qualitative (over-reliance on the Fordist model). The thesis discusses the limitations of Fordism quantitative, and demonstrates that a new reading of the tourism market is needed to achieve sustainable economic performance. From this perspective, the implementation of economic and environmental assessments is required. In the second part on the thesis, envisions a new trajectory for a specific territory (Djerba Island), it is to think of new trajectories. The work demands the search of relevant indicators of economic and environmental quality in order to assess the best methodologies to improve the assessment of the profitability of the tourism sector. Economically, the study proposes a new method for assessing the economic impact of tourism on the island of Djerba. This method called "method of the masses", builds on the theory of growth or development. It requires the determination of direct, indirect and induced activities. The indicators measured are: Value Added (VA), Earnings Before Interests, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) and Employment (E). The results show that the most direct activities that generate wealth and jobs are hotels. For indirect activities, it is the consumption of food products, agricultural products and fisheries. These results may provide a basis upon which for policy-makers may evaluate future tourism development projects. In terms of assessing the importance of the environment, it allows the Djerbian tourism to defend its future. This evaluation will also examine the environmental dimension and provides an analysis of regulatory instruments in place in Djerba and seeks to integrate new instruments proposed by the World Tourism Organization which objective is to search for sustainable development of tourism activity to conserve the natural wealth of the island.

This master's thesis deals with the key manager competences, which means portable set of abilities and skills of daily use. It includes directions, recommendations and devices to increase efficiency of managers work by improving his key competences.

Artificiell intelligens (AI) har integrerats i stor uträckning, framförallt inom bilindustrin där autonoma bilar blir allt vanligare. Då allt fler bilar får autonoma funktioner förändras bilförarnas tidiga roll. Förare går från att manuellt manövrera bilen till att övervaka så att de autonoma funktionerna fungerar. Då förarens roll förändras tillkommer utmaningar kring förarnas upplevelser för autonoma funktioner. Syftet med studien är att identifiera dessa utmaningar vilket leder till frågeställningen: Vilka utmaningar innebär design av initiativskifte i autonoma bilar i förhållande till upplevt förtroende? För att skapa förståelse har en kvalitativ studie genomförts där en designetnografiskt ansats legat till grund för den presenterade illustrationen. Deltagarna i studien har varit personer som äger en bil med autonoma funktioner. Studien bidrar med kunskap om hur upplevt förtroende i relation till det initiativskifte som sker i autonoma bilar vilket presenteras i en illustration. I slutsatsen reflekteras samhälleliga och etiska utmaningar vad gäller designande av autonoma bilar / Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely integrated, especially in the automotive industry where autonomous cars are becoming more common. As more and more cars get autonomous functions, the drivers' previous role changes. Drivers go from manually operating the car to monitoring it, so that the autonomous functions work. As the driver's role changes, challenges arise for drivers' experiences for autonomous functions. The purpose of the study is to identify these challenges that lead to the question: What challenges does the design of initiative shift in autonomous cars in relation to perceived trust entail? To create understanding, a qualitative study has been conducted where a design ethnographic approach was used as the basis for the presented illustration. The participants in the study were people who own a car with autonomous functions. The study contributes with knowledge of how perceived reliance in relation to the change in initiative that takes place in autonomous cars, which is presented in an illustration. The conclusion reflects societal and ethical challenges regarding the design of autonomous cars.

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World War II affected individuals across the nation, both on the home front and on the front lines. Manti, Utah received a new industry, a parachute plant, in connection with the war. Hundreds of women from Sanpete County and neighboring counties were employed through the duration of the war in everything from sewing and inspection to supervision of production. Some of the women utilized childcare facilities, some formed a union, and many found community and familial support. For many of them, this wartime wage work provided a welcomed alternative to the work usually found in rural areas, such as farm work, housework, and café work. Women were primarily motivated to work out of patriotic duty and economic opportunity. In many wartime industries, women were in previously male-dominated occupations and lost their jobs at the conclusion of the war. In contrast, the parachute plant offered its women workers the opportunity to continue working when the plant began manufacturing clothing after the war, and the surrounding rural community was largely supportive of its working women. This study makes a case for the long-term impact of wartime work upon individual women. Work experience outside the home affected the women's estimation and definition of themselves. The war period was a crucial event in women's lives, not just an important passing stage. Oral histories allow interpretation in the context of their adult lives from a long-term perspective. By delving into community and family situations and looking at these women on an individualized basis in the long-term, this study goes deeper than surveys and makes substantive contributions to our understanding of the war's influence. The period of wartime work, when viewed in the long-term context of the women's lives, was significant especially in that women had additional economic resources at their disposal and acquired new-found confidence and skills. Women's work experiences provoked desire for future work and served as a source of confidence to them. Personal, individualized victories for women, often ignored or concealed by aggregate statistics on women's work during and immediately following the war, were a reality for women in Manti and likely elsewhere in America.

This explorative case study was undertaken to uncover how transformative self-discoveries were facilitated through Gestalt playtherapy, enabling agency of a single pre-school participant. Data were captured around the participant's baseline agentic status; emerging agency, facilitated trough the intervention and post-intervention agentic status. A content analysis aided thematic coding. Theme 1 identified inherent agency trends and the agency blocks "what is that". Theme 2 dealt with patterns of active resistance "I don't want to feel / I don't want to know". Theme 3 captured enhanced agentic behaviour "I can and I understand". Through the intervention the participant's entrapped agency was unleashed, leading to an awareness of her `being', enabling her `doing' and thereby allowing her to `become'. Enabled agency increased the participant's active involvement in her life and her engagement in developmental tasks was increased. Implications of the findings support further investigation and application of this intervention. / Educational Studies / M. Diac (Play Therapy)

A community development project involving the tribal leaders, civic organisations and the aged action group had been completed in 1994 in Rathoke, a rural area in the Mpumalanga Pre ince. In the process, the reseacher observed tension built as a result of the refusal of people in authority like tribal officers, civic organisation members and individual professionals to acknowledge that aged people can take a lead in articulating their needs and alternative solutions. Assumptions prevailing among them are that: 1. Old and rural people need help. 2. Have no potential for leadership development. 3. Are dependent on existing leadership structures and 4. Their needs are not a priority. On the bases of these assumptions, the reseacher undertook to do a case study based on the analysis of community development process reports kept for the project.There have been a number of learnings which can be of benefit to people interested in the leadership concept in the field of community development. / Social work / M.A. (SS) (Mental Health)