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Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur rörlig bild kan öka konsumentens förtroende för en produkt vid e-handel, och för att se om det eventuella ökandet av förtroende för produkter kan få fler kunder att vilja handla online. Målet med studien är att se hur påverkad användaren blir av rörlig bild när den handlar kläder på en webbplats. Den utvalda metoden för studien var en observation med sju kvinnor i form av ett användartest där respondenterna fick visualisera ett köp av en specifik produkt på två olika webbplatser, med en efterföljande intervju med tio öppna frågor. Resultatet av studien visade att majoriteten av de tillfrågade föredrog att handla på en webbplats som använde rörlig bild vid presentation av produkten, eftersom det gav en mer realistisk bild av klänningen. Slutsatsen resulterade i att rörlig bild visualiserade produkten mer verklighetstroget till skillnad från en e-handelsplats som endast använde produktbilder. Den rörliga bilden var det närmaste konsumenten kunde komma till verkligenheten och det ökade i sin tur förtroendet för produkten och har resulterat i att fler konsumenter ville handla produkten. Den rörliga bilden fungerade därmed som ett substitut för den fysiska kontakten konsumenten annars skulle haft med produkten i realiteten. Slutsatsen kan därför dras om att rörlig bild ökar förtroendet för en specifik produkt vid e-handel. / The purpose of the study is to research how moving images can increase the confidence for the customer in a specific product in e-commerce. Furthermore, the study aimed to see if moving images could increase the number of people wanting to shop online. The reason behind the study is to see how customers who are interested in buying clothes respond to moving images. The chosen method for the study was to observe seven women participating in a usability test to envision purchasing a chosen product on two separate websites. Following the usability test, each woman was interviewed with ten open questions.The results of the study showed that the majority of the respondents preferred to shop on awebsite that used moving images to present a product, as it presented the product in a morerealistic image. Because the respondents could not see the dress in reality, a catwalk video was the most effective way to present the dress to the customer. The catwalk video thus increased the confidence of the customer in the product, in which subsequently lead to an increased number of consumers wanting to purchase the product. The moving images served as a substitute for the physical contact the consumer would otherwise have with the product in reality. It is therefore appropriate to conclude that moving images can increase the confidence in a customer for a certain product in e-commerce.

This dissertation utilizes theories of deviance in conjunction with literary methods of reading and analyzing to study a range of deviant or transgressive characters in American literature of the 1840s and 50s. I justify this methodology on the basis of the intersecting and related histories of Emersonian self-reliance and deviance in American thought. I contend that each of the texts of self-reliance discussed by the dissertation – The National Police Gazette (1845-present), Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845) and My Bondage and My Freedom (1855), Margaret Fuller’s Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845), Henry David Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience” (1849) and Walden (1854), and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The Blithedale Romance (1852) – actually sanctions deviance. Since deviance is endorsed by these texts in some shape or form, it is a critical component of American culture; consequently American culture is one that promotes deviance. My work on Douglass and Thoreau employs the sociological theories of Robert K. Merton (1949) to investigate the tensions between the culturally lauded goal of self-reliance and the legitimate means for securing this. I explore the importance of Transcendentalist self-reliance to the American Dream ethos and the ways in which it is valorized by each protagonist. The work on the National Police Gazette puts popular and elite forms of literary discourse into conversation with one another. My primary concern here is with explaining why and how specific self-reliant behaviours are deemed “deviant” in the literary context, but “criminal” by popular works. The chapters on female deviance elucidate the confines of women’s writing and writing about women as well as the acceptable female modes of conduct during the nineteenth century. They also focus on the ways female characters engaged in deviance from within these rigid frameworks. A functionalist interrogation of female deviance underscores the ways society is united against those women who are classed as unwomanly or unfeminine. My conclusion seeks to reinvigorate the conversation regarding the intersection between literature and the social sciences and suggests that literature in many ways often anticipates sociological theory. Ultimately, I conclude by broadening the category of the self-reliant individual to include, for instance, females and African-American slaves who were otherwise not imagined to possess such tendencies. Thus, this dissertation revises notions of Emerson’s concept of self-reliance by positioning it instead as a call to arms for all Americans to engage in deviant or socially transgressive behaviour.

This dissertation utilizes theories of deviance in conjunction with literary methods of reading and analyzing to study a range of deviant or transgressive characters in American literature of the 1840s and 50s. I justify this methodology on the basis of the intersecting and related histories of Emersonian self-reliance and deviance in American thought. I contend that each of the texts of self-reliance discussed by the dissertation – The National Police Gazette (1845-present), Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845) and My Bondage and My Freedom (1855), Margaret Fuller’s Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845), Henry David Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience” (1849) and Walden (1854), and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter (1850) and The Blithedale Romance (1852) – actually sanctions deviance. Since deviance is endorsed by these texts in some shape or form, it is a critical component of American culture; consequently American culture is one that promotes deviance. My work on Douglass and Thoreau employs the sociological theories of Robert K. Merton (1949) to investigate the tensions between the culturally lauded goal of self-reliance and the legitimate means for securing this. I explore the importance of Transcendentalist self-reliance to the American Dream ethos and the ways in which it is valorized by each protagonist. The work on the National Police Gazette puts popular and elite forms of literary discourse into conversation with one another. My primary concern here is with explaining why and how specific self-reliant behaviours are deemed “deviant” in the literary context, but “criminal” by popular works. The chapters on female deviance elucidate the confines of women’s writing and writing about women as well as the acceptable female modes of conduct during the nineteenth century. They also focus on the ways female characters engaged in deviance from within these rigid frameworks. A functionalist interrogation of female deviance underscores the ways society is united against those women who are classed as unwomanly or unfeminine. My conclusion seeks to reinvigorate the conversation regarding the intersection between literature and the social sciences and suggests that literature in many ways often anticipates sociological theory. Ultimately, I conclude by broadening the category of the self-reliant individual to include, for instance, females and African-American slaves who were otherwise not imagined to possess such tendencies. Thus, this dissertation revises notions of Emerson’s concept of self-reliance by positioning it instead as a call to arms for all Americans to engage in deviant or socially transgressive behaviour.

This thesis provides details about historical background of American Transcendentalism, a theological, philosophical and literary tradition of the first half of the nineteenth century in United States and of New Age religion originating roughly at the turn of the same century and maturing in the 1970's in a form of the New Age movement. The work focuses on the influence of American Transcendentalism as one of the shaping factors, which contributed to the emergence of New Age. The attention is placed primarily on the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Through a detailed analysis of selected Emerson's essays parallels are drawn between the beliefs held by the Transcendentalists, mainly Emerson, and general beliefs shared with the New Age community. Following the historical development of both traditions, we discover the point of convergence, namely the New Thought movement originating in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Bien que le Code de droit canonique prévoie au canon 281 la rémunération des clercs et leur assistance sociale en cas de maladie, d’invalidité ou de vieillesse, cette disposition est loin d’être appliquée convenablement aux prêtres séculiers de Centrafrique. En plus de la pauvreté structurelle, le pays est en proie à une guerre civile qui a détruit tout le tissu socio-économique. Mais la guerre ne justifie pas tout. Il y a un problème de gestion et d’administration des biens ecclésiastiques. La gestion rigoureuse et transparente des maigres ressources financières dont dispose l’Église reste un défi majeur. S’il est vrai que la subsistance du clergé est de la responsabilité de l’Église, les prêtres ont aussi une part importante à jouer. Notre thèse propose les mesures à prendre pour rendre possible l’auto-prise en charge des prêtres en Centrafrique. / Although the Code of Canon Law provides at canon 281 the remuneration of clerics and their social assistance in case of sickness, invalidity or old age, this provision is far from being properly applied to the secular priests of Central Africa. In addition to structural poverty, the country is in the throes of a civil war that has destroyed the entire socio-economic fabric. But war does not justify everything. There is a problem of management and administration of ecclesiastical goods. The rigorous and transparent management of the meager financial resources available to the Church remains a major challenge. While it is true that clergy subsistence is the responsibility of the Church, priests also have an important part to play. Our thesis proposes the steps to be taken to make possible the self-reliance of the priests in the Central African Republic.

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Submitted by Mariana Guerra Sabadin (mariana.sabadin@gmail.com) on 2015-11-30T15:55:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Apresentada à Direito GV | 30.11.2015.pdf: 1365128 bytes, checksum: be63412ebe9b39f69c030581c4e2858d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-11-30T16:55:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Apresentada à Direito GV | 30.11.2015.pdf: 1365128 bytes, checksum: be63412ebe9b39f69c030581c4e2858d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-01T11:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final Apresentada à Direito GV | 30.11.2015.pdf: 1365128 bytes, checksum: be63412ebe9b39f69c030581c4e2858d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This master’s dissertation aims at investigating whether the parties to business deals executed in accordance with Brazilian law can evoke the party autonomy to – through the inclusion in the contract of mechanisms imported from the common law – such as representations and warranties, rules regarding indemnification and limitation of liability (generally accompanied by exclusive remedy clauses), entire agreement clauses and disclaimer os reliance clauses –, limit their extracontractual liability for fraud (dolo) set forth in the Brazilian Civil Code and, therefore, create a true license to lie. In view of the lack of judicial precedents on this issue in Brazil, this dissertation analyzes the case 'Abry Partners V, L.P. v. F&W Acquisition LLC, C.A. No. 1756-N' examined by the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware in 2006 in order to (i) comprehend – according to the decision of such Court of Chancery and to the foreign literature that has studied the case – the intended and actual effects of such clauses and mechanisms within the common law system; and, afterwards, (ii) attempt to understand – according to the principles applicable to the formation, conclusion and interpretation of commercial agreements in Brazil (such as the objective good faith) – how the Brazilian Judiciary should conduct the accommodation and/or adaption of such clauses and mechanisms to Brazilian law. / A presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo investigar se as partes de negócios jurídicos empresariais celebrados à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro podem evocar a autonomia privada para, por meio da inserção no contrato de mecanismos importados da common law – como as declarações e garantias, as regras de indenização e limitação de responsabilidades (frequentemente acompanhadas de disposição de remédio exclusivo), as cláusulas de entendimento integral e os dispositivos de disclaimer of reliance –, estabelecer limites à responsabilidade extracontratual por dolo prevista no Código Civil e, assim, criar contratualmente verdadeira licença para mentir. Para tanto, dada a ausência de jurisprudência brasileira a esse respeito, parte-se da análise do caso Abry Partners V, L.P. v. F&W Acquisition LLC, C.A. No. 1756-N, examinado pela Court of Chancery do estado norte-americano de Delaware em 2006. Busca-se, então, compreender – com base na decisão proferida em tal caso e na doutrina estrangeira que sobre ela se debruçou – os efeitos pretendidos e obtidos, no âmbito da common law, pela inserção das cláusulas e mecanismos mencionados acima e, posteriormente, segue-se – de acordo com os princípios que regem a formação, a conclusão e a intepretação dos contratos comerciais no Brasil (tal como a boa-fé objetiva) – rumo ao exame de como o Poder Judiciário brasileiro tenderá a conduzir a acomodação e/ou adaptação de tais mecanismos e cláusulas ao direito pátrio.

The thesis is focused on the service of the social therapeutic workshop as one of the possible support for the integration of persons with intellectual disabilities into the normal life. In the first part of my thesis I summarize the theoretical knowledge regarding characteristics of mental disability. The next chapter deals with the integration of people with mental disabilities, their needs and rights, including the possible disadvantages in some spheres of everyday life. Followed by defining services to socialy therapeutic workshops. At the conclusion of the theoretical part is devoted to the support of individual areas. The aim of the empirical section is to characterize the role of social therapeutic workshops in the integration of people with mental disabilities into the normal life. From the results obtained it follows that the socially therapeutic workshops may have for the user a positive contribution in the various areas of their life and this also could theoretically lead to easier integration into the life of ordinary society. However this benefit is highly dependent on the individual abilities of each individual and also depends on the degree and depth of thein disability. Some users therefore can achieve optimal levels of autonomy and improve their social as well as professional application....

Le conflit d’intérêts du banquier, terminologie galvaudée à force d’être invoquée à chaque nouvelle crise, sans pour autant que le droit puisse pleinement s’en saisir, est une notion particulière, autonome et originale qui aspire pourtant instamment à une existence juridique.Il est d'abord le résultat d’une incompatibilité d’un pouvoir et d’un devoir se trouvant concomitamment entre les mains du banquier. Autrement dit, c’est l’état de fait où le banquier détient le pouvoir d’affecter un intérêt, prédéfini comme supérieur, qu’il est tenu de protéger par devoir. S'il se trouve ainsi au cœur du droit de la représentation, qui régit une partie considérable des rapports clients-banquier, il ne s'y cantonne pas et peut aussi bien s’épanouir hors du cadre contractuel.Il suppose, pour exister, un préalable : une relation de confiance, dont le maintien semble avoir justifié des règles aussi nombreuses que disparates. Or, après en avoir effectué une revue critique, il apparaît que, principalement héritées de réglementations spécifiques aux services d’investissement, elles ne parviennent pas à pleinement l'appréhender au sein de ce domaine, et a fortiori pas dans sa sphère d’expression, qui s’étend bien au-delà. Une meilleure gestion juridique de cet objet d'étude nécessite alors que soient recherchées des critères de simplification et d'efficacité.Dans une approche prospective, l’analyse de l’interprétation des concepts de droit auxquels il est fait recours pour contrôler les conflits d’intérêts contractuels du banquier s'impose et révèle que l’obligation de gestion du conflit d’intérêts présente des traits communs à l’obligation traditionnelle de garantie du fait personnel. Une approche comparative des droits anglo-américains confirme la nature particulière de cette obligation du banquier face au conflit d’intérêts. Une telle obligation appelant nécessairement un régime spécifique, dont une ébauche de régime a finalement été proposée. / Banker’s conflict of interests is a hackneyed concept being invoked with each new crisis without being fully seized by the law. Special, autonomous and original, this concept longs earnestly to legal existence. Conflict of interest is the result of an incompatibility of a power and a duty being simultaneously in the hands of the banker. It is the situation where the banker has the power to affect an interest, pre-defined as superior, that he has the duty to protect. The concept stands at the heart of the fiduciary and agency law governing a considerable part of banker-client relationship, but is not restricted to this area and can both flourish outside the contractual context. Banker’s conflict of interests assumes the existence of a prior : a relationship of trust, which it maintenance appears to have justified many and disparate rules. Mainly inherited from regulations specific to investment services, it appears, after a critical review, that they fail to fully understand the conflict of interest in this area, let alone within its sphere of expression, which extends far beyond. A better legal management of the studied object then imposes a search for simplification and efficiency. In a prospective approach, analyzing the interpretation of legal concepts to which recourse is made to control the contractual Banker’s conflict of interests reveals that the obligation to manage the conflict of interest has common features with the traditional guarantee obligation. A comparative approach of the Anglo-American law confirms the unique nature of the banker's obligation facing the conflict of interest. Such an obligation necessarily require specific rules and a draft is being proposed in the thesis.