Having the concepts of originality and representativity, proposed by the Uruguayan critic Angel Rama (2001), as its main theoretical framework, this study aims to analyse the novels São Bernardo (1934), by theauthor from Alagoas Graciliano Ramos, and Chuva Braba (1956), by Caboverdian author Manuel Lopes. The referred novels present ruptures in relation to the narrative traditions of their respective systems and, by displaying regional/local elements as their bases, originally represent the realities surrounding them without resorting to caricature or typification, both reductionist in the composition process. Thus, Graciliano Ramos and Manuel Lopes respond to a productive tension by creating works which are landmarks in their literary systems without neglecting a powerful referential basis. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Propõe-se, neste trabalho, analisar os romances São Bernardo (1934), do escritor alagoano Graciliano Ramos e Chuva Braba (1956), do escritor caboverdiano Manuel Lopes, tendo como principal respaldo teórico os conceitos de originalidade e representatividade propostos pelo uruguaio Angel Rama (2001). Os romances acima referidos rompem com a tradição narrativa de seus respectivos sistemas e, tendo por base elementos regionais/locais, conseguem representar originalmente suas respectivas realidades sem que enveredem pela caricatura ou pela tipificação, ambas redutoras como processo compositivo. Assim, Graciliano Ramos e Manuel Lopes respondem a uma tensão produtiva, criando obras que são destaques para seus sistemas literários sem descartar a forte base referencial.

This study is based on a case study of Pilotprojekt Drevfjällen, a project whose ambition is tofind ways to secure nature conservation in a local context. This is promoted at governmentlevel, which says that a local connection is needed to achieve sustainable regionaldevelopment. The study, based on a theoretical background of the concept of governance,intends to evaluate whether Pilotprojekt Drevfjällen can contribute to a sustainable regionaldevelopment.This study is based on meeting documentations, semi-structured interviews with variousstakeholders in the project, field studies and participant observation at an informativemeeting. The region of interest, north Dalarna, was visited twice to obtain the specificconditions that Pilotprojekt Drevfjällen have. The interviews revealed positive attitude to theincreased dialogue and cooperation that Pilotprojekt Drevfjällen has meant for theparticipants. Some questions were raised among respondents about the concept of localmanagement and its definition as well as for the representativeness of the parish unions.The conclusions, based on the conceptual framework, is that the Pilotprojekt Drevfjällen hasmany attributes to succeed with a local connection, however, with the exception that therepresentativeness should be reviewed and elaborated further. To stimulate sustainabledevelopment the social dimension needs to be further integrated into the discussions. Theconcept of local management can´t be defined at this point. To make the process moveforward and to prevent speculation among stakeholders local management needs to be definedin a near future.

Connectées par le Chemin du Roy sur l’île de Montréal, les populations issues des anciens cimetières de Saint-Antoine (1799-1854) et de Pointe-aux-Trembles (1709-1843) reflètent un contexte d’immigration et de croissance démographique intenses durant le XIXe siècle. Elles ont connu plusieurs épisodes d’épidémies de choléra dues aux mauvaises conditions sanitaires, sans compter des changements socioéconomiques majeurs reliés à l’industrialisation. L’objectif tente d’explorer les facteurs (p. ex. sexe, âge, pratiques de sevrage, conditions sanitaires) qui ont influencé la mortalité des enfants provenant de ces deux populations de milieux différents, soit urbain et rural. Comme les échantillons de populations archéologiques au Québec sont souvent fragmentaires et peu propices à des études paléodémographiques en raison de la nature des fouilles de sauvetage et de la conservation différentielle des ossements, les données ostéologiques de cette étude ont été complétées et comparées aux données archivées issues de la démographie historique (Registre de la population du Québec Ancien ou RPQA). Deux modèles paléodémographiques (Bocquet-Appel et Masset 1977, Séguy et Buchet 2011) ont été utilisés sur les deux populations afin de comparer les profils de mortalité obtenus à partir des données ostéologiques et archivées. Les résultats suggèrent les faits suivants : i) La mortalité des enfants était plus élevée en ville par rapport à la campagne de Montréal, en raison des épidémies de choléra et des infections bactériennes qui ont été considérablement plus dévastatrices en milieu urbain en raison de la densité de la population et de l’insalubrité; ii) Des méthodes de sevrage précoces auraient influencé la mortalité infantile dans les deux paroisses, surtout celle de Notre-Dame (Saint-Antoine). La pratique de mise en nourrice durant le XIXe siècle à Montréal a augmenté la mortalité puisque les mères de la campagne devaient sevrer leurs enfants plus tôt pour accommoder ceux de la ville; iii) Comme les profils de mortalité juvénile estimés à partir des données ostéologiques sont similaires à ceux qui ont été calculés à partir du RPQA, il est possible d’éviter le problème de sous-représentativité des nouveau-nés dans les échantillons archéologiques à l’aide de bons modèles paléodémographiques. / Connected by the Chemin du Roy on the island of Montreal, the populations from the ancient cemeteries of Saint-Antoine (1799-1854) and Pointe-aux-Trembles (1709-1843) reflect a context of immigration and intense population growth during the 19th century. In addition, they have experienced several episodes of cholera epidemics due to very poor sanitary conditions, not to mention major socio-economic changes related to industrialization. The objective is to explore the factors (e.g., sex, age, weaning practices, health conditions) that influenced the mortality of children from these two populations from different backgrounds, i.e., urban, and rural. As the samples of archaeological populations in Quebec are very often fragmentary and not appropriate to paleodemographic studies due to the nature of the excavations and the differential preservation of bones, the osteological data of this study were supplemented and compared with archived data from historical demography (Registre de la population du Québec Ancien or RPQA). Two paleodemographic models (Bocquet-Appel and Masset 1977, Séguy et Buchet 2011) were used to compare the mortality profiles obtained from the osteological and archival data. The results suggest the following facts: i) Child mortality was higher in the city than in the countryside on the island of Montreal, due to cholera epidemics and bacterial infections which were considerably more devastating in urban areas due to the high population density and unsanitary living conditions; ii) The early weaning practices may have influenced the infant mortality in the two parishes, especially the one of Notre-Dame (Saint-Antoine). The wet nurse practices in Montreal during the 19th century increased mortality since mothers from the countryside had to wean their children earlier to accommodate the children from the city; iii) The juvenile mortality profiles estimated from the osteological data are like those calculated from the RPQA, which demonstrates problems due to the under-representation of newborns in archaeological samples can be avoided with the help of good paleodemographic models.

<p>Doktorska disertacija naslovljena &ldquo;Srpski<br />roman za decu na početku 21. veka u svetlu<br />književnih nagrada (2001-2010)&rdquo; bavi se<br />analizom romana za decu na srpskom jeziku<br />nagrađenih jednom od tri relevantne nagrade:<br />Nagradom &ldquo;Neven&rdquo;, Nagradom &ldquo;Politikinog<br />Zabavnika&rdquo; i Nagradom &ldquo;Rade Obrenović&rdquo; .<br />Osnovni predmet rada jeste sagledavanje<br />tipolo&scaron;kih odrednica i žanrovskih usmerenja<br />romana za decu u prvoj deceniji 21. veka,<br />njihovih estetskih vrednosti i(li)<br />reprezentativnosti, te utvrđivanje dominantne<br />slike sveta i detinjstva prezentovanih u ovim<br />delima, kao i razmatranje njihove razvojne<br />relevantnosti. Romani su analizirani<br />pojedinačno i u okviru tipolo&scaron;kih odrednica<br />kojima, po na&scaron;em mi&scaron;ljenju pripadaju, ali su,<br />takođe, sagledavani u &scaron;irem kulturolo&scaron;kom<br />kontekstu . Razmatran je odnos nagrađenih<br />romana prema aktuelnim događajima, kao i<br />ukupna uklopljivost u koncept megastrukture<br />modernizma, referencijalnost, prisutnost u<br />medijima, te mogućnost da budu baza za<br />najsavremeniji koncept kulture namenjene deci<br />koji implicira njihovo uključivanje u obrazovni<br />sistem, odnosno kanonizaciju. Sa obzirom da je<br />reč o delima koja nastaju u periodu tranzicije,<br />važan deo istraživanja je bio i odnos ovih<br />romana prema &scaron;irem kontekstu srpskog romana za decu, sa naglaskom na periodu osamdesetih i devedesetih godina. Zaključak koji izvodimo</p><p>nakon istraživanja jeste da je u naznačenom<br />periodu napisano i nagrađeno niz romana koji<br />po estetskoj izuzetnosti odgovaraju najvi&scaron;im<br />zahtevima bogate tradicije srpske književnosti<br />za decu. Takođe, primećena je i potreba za<br />promenama i inovacijama, koja je uslovila da<br />povremeno razlog za nagrađivanje bude<br />reprezentativnost dela i njegov komunikativni<br />potencijal, umesto izuzetnosti. Tri (tada) mlada<br />pisca (Jasminka Petrović, Igor Kolarov, Uro&scaron;<br />Petrović) su sredinom decenije u potpunosti<br />posvetili svoj umetnički i dru&scaron;tveni angažman<br />stvarala&scaron;tvu za decu, te svojim autentičnim<br />autorskim potpisima dragoceno obogatili<br />savremenu dečju književnost. Dakle, umetnička<br />dela nastala u prvoj dekadi 21. veka imaju<br />veliki potencijal da postanu deo budućeg<br />kanona, ali je prethodno neophodna ozbiljna<br />stručna i institucionalna rasprava</p> / <p>The Doctoral Dissertation entitled &ldquo;Serbian<br />Novel for Children at the Beginning of the 21st<br />Century in the Light of Literary Prizes (2001 &ndash;<br />2010)&rdquo; is based on analysis of novels for<br />children in Serbian language that were awarded<br />one of the three relevant prizes: &ldquo;Neven&ldquo;,<br />&rdquo;Politikin zabavnik&rdquo; and &ldquo;Rade Obrenović&rdquo;.<br />The basic focus of the dissertation is analysis of<br />typological characteristics and genre<br />orientations of the novels for children in the first<br />decade of the 21st century, their esthetic values<br />and/or representativity, and determination of a<br />dominant vision of the world and childhood<br />presented in these novels, as well as evaluation<br />of their developmental relevance. The novels<br />have been analyzed individually as well as<br />within typological characteristics to which, in<br />our opinion, they belong, and also they have<br />been seen in a wider culturological context. We<br />have analyzed the relation between the novels<br />that received awards and current events, their<br />potential to fit in the megastructural modernism<br />concept, their reference values, presence in the<br />media and a possibility to be a basis for the<br />most modern culture concept dedicated to<br />children, which implies their inclusion in the<br />educational system, that is, the canonization.<br />Bearing in mind that we speak about works that<br />have come into being in the transition period, an<br />important part of our investigation was oriented towards the relation of these novels with a wider</p><p>context of the Serbian novel for children, with<br />an emphasis on the period of the eighties and<br />ninetieth. The conclusion that we made after the<br />research is that many novels have been written<br />and awarded a prize in the stated period which,<br />judged by esthetic uniqueness, correspond to the<br />highest requirements of the rich tradition of the<br />Serbian literature for children. Also, a need for<br />changes and innovations has been noticed;<br />certain works were awarded prizes because of<br />their representative character and their<br />communicational potential, not because of their<br />uniqueness. In the middle of the decade three<br />(then) young authors (Jasminka Petrović, Igor<br />Kolarov, Uro&scaron; Petrović), dedicated their entire<br />artistic and social engagement to creating books<br />for children, so that they, by their authentic<br />signatures as authors, enriched the modern<br />literature for children.<br />Thus, the works of art created in the first decade<br />of the 21st century have a great potential to<br />become a part of the future canon; however,<br />before it happens, it is necessary to expose them<br />to a serious and institutional discussion.</p>

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-10-10T12:46:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ERLY ROSA DA SILVA.pdf: 1163402 bytes, checksum: 03c2e06afb7db663c114f88519229820 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T12:46:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ERLY ROSA DA SILVA.pdf: 1163402 bytes, checksum: 03c2e06afb7db663c114f88519229820 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-01 / This piece of work has as an objective the comparative bibligraphy study with regard to two Portuguese language dictionaries that are more used: Aurélio and Houaiss. The bibliography of reference are source of the uprising from lexicon units and their semantics attributes. So, it permits to establish one “picture”of the language. From the anlysis ahead of the reference work bibliography that are part of this work, we can notice that the conception of the Portuguese language that each one establish. One language dictionary active involves the linguistic politics from each country, because of its normative function, besides being involved in discussions in the “lusofonia”in the world with the presence or not of the reference work of other countries with Portuguese language. It’s essencial that we discuss these reference work that are so trivial and go way without being noticed. So, in this piece of work, we discuss the relation between language\speech and language\literature to verify the kind of representative shown by Portuguese language that are in the dictionary. The comparative analysis goes from a quantitative study where was raised the kind of piece of work; publishing year used for checking; the countries represented and the Brazilian region. For our study, we based in lexicography theories from Biderman, Barbosa, Meschonnic, Reis and Dubois, among others that were useful for the analysis of the books. It’s possible to verify the source of world built by the language dictionaries and their function in the society. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal o estudo comparativo das bibliografias de referências dos dois dicionários de língua portuguesa mais usados: Aurélio e Houaiss. A bibliografia de referência serve de fonte para o levantamento das unidades lexicais e seus atributos semânticos. Ela então permite constituir um “retrato” da língua. A partir da análise das obras que compõem a bibliografia de referência podemos observar a concepção de língua participa ativamente da política lingüística de cada país pela sua função normativa, além de participar do debate da lusofonia no mundo com a presença ou não de obras de outros países de língua portuguesa. É imprescindível discutir tais obras que de tão banais passam despercebidas. Assim, no trabalho, discutimos as relações língua/discurso e língua/literatura para verificar que tipo de representação da língua portuguesa aparece nos dicionários. A análise comparativa parte de um estudo quantitativo onde foram levantados os tipos de obras; o ano das edições usadas para consultada: os países representados: e as regiões brasileiras. Para nosso estudo, fundamentamo-nos nas teorias lexicográficas de Biderman, Barbosa, Meschonnic, Rey e Dubois, entre outros que nos serviram para a análise das obras. É possível verificar a visão de mundo construída pelos dicionários de língua e seu papel na sociedade.

Esta pesquisa teve início durante o trabalho de conclusão de curso do bacharelado em modelagem do Centro Universitário Senac, onde foi abordado o tema Freak show - o entretenimento do século XIX. Foi pesquisado o panorama de seu surgimento e suas características nos tempos áureos, e geradas a criação e a confecção de três bustos e três looks para personagens do freak show vitoriano, os gêmeos siameses xifópagos isquiópagos, a mulher de três cabeças e quatro pernas e a menina sereia. A pesquisa atual foi iniciada em 2015 no programa de mestrado na Universidade de São Paulo, investigando a contínua existência da instituição até o século XXI e as transformações que a tornaram possível. Este trabalho traz uma pesquisa sobre a indústria do Freak Show, mapeando-a através dos séculos XIX ao XXI. Mostra como se dá a exposição do corpo extraordinário na indústria do entretenimento e em que locais pode ser observado, além de informações sobre como estes corpos são vestidos. Argumentase que existem intenções e benefícios na sociabilização estabelecida através da exibição voluntária do corpo nas diversas formas midiáticas, desenvolvendo formas de comunicação que introduzem suas personas e personalidades enquanto ressaltam ao público os aspectos de sua morfologia extraordinária / This research began during the final project for conclusion of bachelors degree in pattern making at Centro Universitario Senac, which regarded the Freak Show The Entertainment of The 19th Century. It was researched the context of its beginning and its characteristics when the popularity was high, what developed in the creation and making of three dress forms and three garments made for Victorian freak show performers, the Siamese twins, xifopagus isquiopagus, the three headed and four legged woman and the mermaid girl. The present research started in 2015 at University of Sao Paulo masters degree in Textile and Fashion, investigating the ongoing existence of the industry in the 21st century and the changes that made it possible. The present research introduces a research on the Freak Show Industry, mapping it throughout the centuries 19th to 21st. How does the exhibition of the extraordinary body happens inside entertainment industry and which are the places where they can be seen, in addition to informations about how they are dressed. It s argued that there are intentions and benefits in the social interaction established through the voluntary exhibition of the body in multiple media displays, developing manners of communication that introduces their persona and personality, while enhancing aspects of the extraordinary anatomy to the public

<p>I syfte att förbättra kunskapsläget kring människors beteenden vid bränder och utrymningar studerades fyra brandsituationer hämtade från ett flertal verkliga händelser ur ett beslutsfattande- och riskbedömningsperspektiv. Det teoretiska underlaget hämtades ur Kahnemans och Tverskys forskning kring heuristiker (Kahneman och Tversky, 1974; Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky, 1982; Gilovich, Griffin & Kahneman, 2002). För ändamålet användes tre heuristiska regler: tillgänglighet, representativitet och affekt. Dessa tre heuristiker möjliggör ögonblickssnabba riskbedömningar genom att allt utom en särskild variabel bortses från i beslutsprocessen. När människor blir stressade tenderar de att förlita sig mer på heuristiker i sina bedömningar. Analysen visar att det är rimligt att anta att de beteenden som observerats i samband med bränder i de fyra fallen beror på beslut huvudsakligen fattade med hjälp av någon av de tre heuristikerna. Denna kunskap kan öppna upp nya möjligheter för att förebygga dödsfall på grund av felaktiga beteenden i samband med bränder och utrymningar.</p>

I syfte att förbättra kunskapsläget kring människors beteenden vid bränder och utrymningar studerades fyra brandsituationer hämtade från ett flertal verkliga händelser ur ett beslutsfattande- och riskbedömningsperspektiv. Det teoretiska underlaget hämtades ur Kahnemans och Tverskys forskning kring heuristiker (Kahneman och Tversky, 1974; Kahneman, Slovic &amp; Tversky, 1982; Gilovich, Griffin &amp; Kahneman, 2002). För ändamålet användes tre heuristiska regler: tillgänglighet, representativitet och affekt. Dessa tre heuristiker möjliggör ögonblickssnabba riskbedömningar genom att allt utom en särskild variabel bortses från i beslutsprocessen. När människor blir stressade tenderar de att förlita sig mer på heuristiker i sina bedömningar. Analysen visar att det är rimligt att anta att de beteenden som observerats i samband med bränder i de fyra fallen beror på beslut huvudsakligen fattade med hjälp av någon av de tre heuristikerna. Denna kunskap kan öppna upp nya möjligheter för att förebygga dödsfall på grund av felaktiga beteenden i samband med bränder och utrymningar.

Pour des raisons de coûts, les tests de catalyseur mis en forme (billes, extrudés, …) en réacteur est lit fixe sont mis en œuvre dans des réacteurs de plus en plus petits alors que la taille des objets catalytiques ne change pas. L'objet de cette thèse est d'explorer les domaines où la réduction d'échelle conduit à des questionnements nouveaux en termes de physique, répétabilité, représentativité et modélisation. Le document s'articule autour de 5 chapitres : 1) une introduction détaillée du contexte avec un état de l'art sur les réacteurs à lit fixe de petite taille et l'identification des questions en suspens, 2) une réflexion autour de la nature des écoulements gaz-liquide descendant dans des lits fixes quand les forces capillaires ne sont plus négligeables, 3) la présentation d'une méthodologie et d'un critère sur un nombre minimal de grain nécessaire pour limiter les conséquences d'une distribution granulométrique en présence de limitations au transfert interne, 4) l'étude des effets d'empilements aléatoires sur la performance apparente du réacteur, d'abord par un modèle réseau de pores qui décrit assez bien les tendances observées expérimentalement mais manque de capacité de prédiction, puis par simulation numérique directe d'écoulement réactif dans des empilements de 8 cylindres qui montre que les effets d'empilements apparaissent, avec les limitations au transfert externe, quand la diffusion moléculaire transverse n'est pas assez rapide pour compenser les gradients dus à la réaction et à la convection, 5) une conclusion qui résume les critères de conception de réacteurs de tests à petite échelle, et propose des pistes de continuation du travail / In order to lower costs, testing of catalytic pellets (spheres or extrudates) is performed in ever smaller fixed bed reactors whereas catalytic pellet size is unchanged. The object of this thesis is to explore domains where downsizing leads to new questions in terms of physics, repeatability and modeling. The thesis is built in 5 chapters, 1) a detailed introduction of the context and a review of the literature on small fixed bed reactors, 2) a discussion about flow patterns in fixed beds filled with fine powder where capilary effects are not negligible, 3) a presentation of a methodology to assess the impact of sampling small number of pellets out of a non uniform set and results for internally mass transfer limited reactions, 4) a study of the effect of randomness in fixed beds first through a pore network model with a good ability to predict trends but lacking accuracy, then using direct numerical simulation of a reactive flow in fixed beds made of 8 cylinders arranged in several configuration showing that packing effects occur, concurrently with external mass transfer limitations, when cross flow diffusion is not fast enough to level out convection and reaction induced gradients, 5) a conclusion that summarizes design criteria and offers a few perspectives for R&D in downsizing

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SivanildoAD.pdf: 2044307 bytes, checksum: 3d535f35ff0c6191d99eb97b38d3f628 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-25 / The present work aims to analyze the several proportional electoral systems from the contemporaries democracies in order to, in the end, purpose a system that better fits to the constitutional Brazilian order. In this direction, we pursued to indicate the main virtues and imperfections in proportional electoral systems in use in more than two hundred countries, especially relating to the positive and negative effects that these systems inject in the party systems, in the governability and in the representativity. In order to collect elements, and also before getting to the work s main point, other issues were approached, even in a shortened way. Nevertheless, in a position taking, we conclude the work opting for a proportional electoral system that potencializes the constitutional principles of representativity and governability as well as prints a party system strong and strict, once these are the depositaries of a democracy compromised with the Brazilian society / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os diversos sistemas eleitorais proporcionais das democracias contempor?neas para, ao final, propor um sistema que melhor se adeq?e ao ordenamento constitucional brasileiro. Nesse sentido, buscou-se apontar as principais virtudes e imperfei??es dos sistemas eleitorais proporcionais atualmente em vigor em mais de duzentos pa?ses, principalmente no que diz respeito aos efeitos positivos e negativos que esses sistemas projetam no sistema partid?rio, na governabilidade e na representatividade. De forma a colher subs?dios e, antes de chegar ao tema central do trabalho, outras quest?es tamb?m foram abordadas, ainda que de forma abreviada. Por?m, numa tomada de posi??o, conclui-se o trabalho optando-se por um sistema eleitoral proporcional que potencialize os princ?pios constitucionais da representatividade e da governabilidade e imprima um sistema partid?rio forte e coeso, visto serem esses deposit?rios de uma democracia comprometida com a sociedade brasileira