The aim of this quantitative study was to statistically test empirical knowledge that supports the idea of the existence of restrictive rationing and inequality in the distribution of resources for social support by variables of age, gender, marital status and number of nursing hours in the home care system. The material was obtained from internal records from the municipality of Karlskrona which constituted a population study, with which we performed regression analyzes to test the effect of the variables age and nursing hours on the variables escorting hours and  hours for social activation. An independent samples t-test were made to reveal any differences in mean values between the sexes, and a One way Anova analysis was made to check for differences of variance between each marital status. We found that men was rationed less hours of social support than women, that age had a positive effect on hours for social activation but a negative effect on escorting hours, that nursing hours had a positive effect on hours of social support and that there was a difference in mean hours of social activation between the married and the widowed, in the laters favour. We conclude that there is a restrictive practice in the home care system and that there is a difference in distribution between social categories, though it is not an unjust distribution of social support but rather an outcome of husbanding resources that points towards fairness, but we can recognize elderly of good health to be categories of attention as our analysis shows that they are are at risk to be overlooked.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 1034734 bytes, checksum: bc6e8d41685a4d8a69d4a437d235261b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of bureaucracy and relate them to existing elements of bureaucratic dysfunction in a unit of state government, under the Criminology, influencing the Quality of Work Life (QWL), considering the approaches humanist and restrictive in the context of General Coordination Skills (CGP) from the perception of crowded servers this unit Public Security. It used descriptive research through a qualitative case study approach, with a sample of forensic experts from the 'Hercílio Macellaro' Criminalistics Institute (ICHM), crowded in the capital, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The method of data collection adopted for the realization of bureaucratic dysfunction was a questionnaire with closed assertive alternative multiple choice, whose response model consists of four levels of gradation (always, often , seldom , never ), prepared from Maia and Pinto model (2007 ). At another point of the view, the questionnaire was administered presenting issues that addressed elements of QWL proposed by Werther and Davis model (1983 ), adapted for the present study. For this questionnaire, the questions were presented in polarized satisfaction Likert scale, consisting of five alternatives (totally disagree, partially disagree, neither agree nor disagree, partially agree and strongly agree), characterizing the opinion of the participant. The interpretation of the data allowed us to analyze the existence of four elements of bureaucratic dysfunction : internalization of rules, too formalistic, routines and records, resistance to change and display signs of authority. On one hand, the humanistic approach was possible to analyze the survey respondents show noise in communication, both vertically and horizontally, which indicates the need for more transparency and clarity as possible within and between departments and teams in these with superiors, to provide greater understanding between all involved and eliminating conflicts that may occur through misinformation. On the other hand, the analysis of the restrictive approach to QWL in this study allowed us to observe the predominance of instrumental rationality in organizational context of ICHM, since it is geared only to meet your organizational processes based on binomial technique versus production. One can thus consider that the ICHM is strongly connected to the bureaucratic organization model, exteriorized through four levels of bureaucratic dysfunctions. Moreover, as a pretext for the pursuit of efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness, organizational praxis ICHM seems to converge to two models of production: Fordism and Taylorism , which reinforce the restrictive current of the QWL, which seem to confirm the maintenance of the objectification subject in relation to the object, that is, when it was thought that organic being could enjoy the technological development achieved in various sciences , paradoxically, what has been seen is the work as an end in itself. / O objetivo geral deste estudo consistiu em identificar as dimensões da burocracia e relacioná-las aos elementos de disfunção burocrática existentes em uma unidade da administração pública estadual, no âmbito da Criminalística, que influenciam a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT), considerando as abordagens humanista e restritiva, no contexto da Coordenadoria Geral de Perícias (CGP), a partir da percepção dos servidores lotados nesta unidade da Segurança Pública. Utilizou-se a pesquisa descritiva por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa de estudo de caso, com amostra constituída por peritos criminais do Instituto de Criminalística 'Hercílio Macellaro' (ICHM), lotados na Capital do Estado, Campo Grande - MS. O método de coleta de dados adotado para a constatação das disfunções burocráticas foi um questionário com assertivas fechadas de alternativas de múltipla escolha, cujo modelo de resposta compõe-se por quatro níveis de gradação (sempre, muitas vezes, poucas vezes, nunca), elaborado a partir do modelo de Maia e Pinto (2007). Em outro momento, foi aplicado o questionário apresentando questões que abordavam os elementos da QVT propostos por Werther e Davis (1983), adaptado para o presente estudo. Para este questionário, as questões foram apresentadas em escala polarizada de satisfação do tipo Likert, composta por cinco alternativas (discordo totalmente, discordo parcialmente, não concordo nem discordo, concordo parcialmente e concordo totalmente), caracterizando a opinião do participante. A interpretação dos dados permitiu analisar a existência de quatro elementos de disfunção burocrática: internalização das regras, excesso de formalismo, rotinas e registros, resistência às mudanças e exibição de sinais de autoridade. De uma lado, a abordagem humanista foi possível analisar que os respondentes da pesquisa evidenciam ruídos na comunicação, tanto vertical quanto horizontal, o que indica a necessidade de mais transparência e clareza possível dentro e entre as equipes nos departamentos e destes com os superiores hierárquicos, a fim de proporcionar maior entendimento entre todos os envolvidos e a eliminação de conflitos que possam ocorrer através de informações distorcidas. Por outro lado, a análise da abordagem restritiva sobre a QVT neste estudo permitiu observar a predominância da racionalidade instrumental no contexto organizacional do ICHM, uma vez que está voltada somente para atender a seus processos organizacionais fundamentados no binômio técnica versus produção. Pode-se, assim, considerar que o ICHM está fortemente ligado ao modelo de organização burocrática, exteriorizado por quatro níveis de disfunções burocráticas. Além disso, como pretexto pela busca da eficiência, eficácia e efetividade, a práxis organizacional do ICHM parece convergir para dois modelos de produção: fordista e taylorista, as quais reforçam a corrente restritiva da QVT, que parece confirmar a manutenção da coisificação do sujeito em relação ao objeto, isto é, quando se pensava que o ser orgânico pudesse desfrutar do desenvolvimento tecnológico alcançado em várias ciências, paradoxalmente, o que tem sido visto é o trabalho como um fim em si mesmo.

This thesis deals with a comparison of relative clauses in Czech and Spain language. The first part is devoted to the theoretical definition of the term "relative clause" in both languages and their comparison. In the second part the author performed a linguistic analysis of the Czech and Spanish comparable text with focuse on identification of the grammatical phenomena described in the theoretical part. This thesis is written in Czech language and includes a summary in Spanish.

Introdução: A laceração obstétrica do esfíncter anal (LOEA) está associado com incontinência anal. A episiotomia foi proposta como uma forma de proteção do esfíncter anal no parto, especialmente a episiotomia mediolateral; entretanto, diversos estudos mostraram que o uso de rotina da episiotomia não reduz o risco de LOEA. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar se a redução na taxa de episiotomia em hospital escola no Brasil foi associada a um aumento na incidência de lacerações obstétricas do esfíncter anal, além de fatores associados a elas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e retrospectivo, realizado no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram incluídos todos os partos vaginais de gestações únicas, apresentação cefálica, a partir de 34 semanas de idade gestacional, realizados em 2011-2012 (uso liberal da episiotomia) e 2015-2016 (uso restrito da episiotomia), e comparados em relação a taxa de episiotomia mediolateral e de LOEA. Resultados: foram analisados 4268 partos (2043 no período de 2011-2012, 2225 de 2015-2016), foram analisados 2043 partos. A taxa de episiotomia reduziu de 59.4% para 44.2% (p≤0.0001). No período 2011-2012, ocorreram 10 lacerações obstétricas do esfíncter anal em 2043 partos (0.48%), enquanto que no período 2015-2016, ocorreram 31 lacerações em 2225 partos (1.39%). Houve interação quando comparado os dois períodos em relação a realização de episiotomia e a ocorrência de LOEA (p≤0.0001). A episiotomia foi fortemente associada a não ocorrência de LOEA em 2011-2012 (59.5%), enquanto que não ter episiotomia foi associado ao grupo com (67.7%) e sem LOEA (55.7%) em 2015-2016. Fatores associados a LOEA foram indução do parto e distócia de ombro. Conclusão: Houve um aumento na taxa de lacerações do esfíncter anal com a diminuição da taxa de episiotomia. A episiotomia de rotina foi prote / Introduction: Obstetric anal sphincter tear (OAST) is associated with anal incontinence. Episiotomy was proposed as a form of protection of the anal sphincter at delivery, especially mediolateral episiotomy; however, several studies have shown that routine use of episiotomy does not reduce the risk of OAST. Objective: This study aims to analyse whether the reduction in the rate of episiotomy in a school hospital in Brazil was associated with an increase in the incidence of obstetric lacerations of the anal sphincter, in addition to associated factors. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study, conducted at Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We included all vaginal deliveries of single pregnancies, cephalic presentation, from 34 weeks of gestational age, performed in 2011-2012 (liberal episiotomy) and 2015- 2016 (restricted episiotomy), and compared in relation to the rate of mediolateral episiotomy and OAST. Results: 4268 births were analysed (2043 in 2011-2012 and 2225 in 2015-2016). The episiotomy rate decreased from 59.4% to 44.2% (p≤0.0001). In 2011-2012, there were 10 obstetric anal sphincter lacerations in 2043 births (0.48%), while in the period 2015-2016 there were 31 lacerations in 2225 births (1.39%). There was interaction when comparing the two periods in relation to the episiotomy and the occurrence of OAST (p≤0.0001). Episiotomy was strongly related to 2011-2012 group with no OAST (59.5%), while not having an episiotomy was related to both OAST (67.7%) and no OAST (55.7%) group in 2015-2016. Factors associated with OAST were labor induction and shoulder dystocia. Conclusion: There was an increase in the rate of lacerations of the anal sphincter with a decrease in the rate of episiotomy. Routine episiotomy was protective.

Introdução: A laceração obstétrica do esfíncter anal (LOEA) está associado com incontinência anal. A episiotomia foi proposta como uma forma de proteção do esfíncter anal no parto, especialmente a episiotomia mediolateral; entretanto, diversos estudos mostraram que o uso de rotina da episiotomia não reduz o risco de LOEA. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar se a redução na taxa de episiotomia em hospital escola no Brasil foi associada a um aumento na incidência de lacerações obstétricas do esfíncter anal, além de fatores associados a elas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e retrospectivo, realizado no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram incluídos todos os partos vaginais de gestações únicas, apresentação cefálica, a partir de 34 semanas de idade gestacional, realizados em 2011-2012 (uso liberal da episiotomia) e 2015-2016 (uso restrito da episiotomia), e comparados em relação a taxa de episiotomia mediolateral e de LOEA. Resultados: foram analisados 4268 partos (2043 no período de 2011-2012, 2225 de 2015-2016), foram analisados 2043 partos. A taxa de episiotomia reduziu de 59.4% para 44.2% (p≤0.0001). No período 2011-2012, ocorreram 10 lacerações obstétricas do esfíncter anal em 2043 partos (0.48%), enquanto que no período 2015-2016, ocorreram 31 lacerações em 2225 partos (1.39%). Houve interação quando comparado os dois períodos em relação a realização de episiotomia e a ocorrência de LOEA (p≤0.0001). A episiotomia foi fortemente associada a não ocorrência de LOEA em 2011-2012 (59.5%), enquanto que não ter episiotomia foi associado ao grupo com (67.7%) e sem LOEA (55.7%) em 2015-2016. Fatores associados a LOEA foram indução do parto e distócia de ombro. Conclusão: Houve um aumento na taxa de lacerações do esfíncter anal com a diminuição da taxa de episiotomia. A episiotomia de rotina foi prote / Introduction: Obstetric anal sphincter tear (OAST) is associated with anal incontinence. Episiotomy was proposed as a form of protection of the anal sphincter at delivery, especially mediolateral episiotomy; however, several studies have shown that routine use of episiotomy does not reduce the risk of OAST. Objective: This study aims to analyse whether the reduction in the rate of episiotomy in a school hospital in Brazil was associated with an increase in the incidence of obstetric lacerations of the anal sphincter, in addition to associated factors. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study, conducted at Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We included all vaginal deliveries of single pregnancies, cephalic presentation, from 34 weeks of gestational age, performed in 2011-2012 (liberal episiotomy) and 2015- 2016 (restricted episiotomy), and compared in relation to the rate of mediolateral episiotomy and OAST. Results: 4268 births were analysed (2043 in 2011-2012 and 2225 in 2015-2016). The episiotomy rate decreased from 59.4% to 44.2% (p≤0.0001). In 2011-2012, there were 10 obstetric anal sphincter lacerations in 2043 births (0.48%), while in the period 2015-2016 there were 31 lacerations in 2225 births (1.39%). There was interaction when comparing the two periods in relation to the episiotomy and the occurrence of OAST (p≤0.0001). Episiotomy was strongly related to 2011-2012 group with no OAST (59.5%), while not having an episiotomy was related to both OAST (67.7%) and no OAST (55.7%) group in 2015-2016. Factors associated with OAST were labor induction and shoulder dystocia. Conclusion: There was an increase in the rate of lacerations of the anal sphincter with a decrease in the rate of episiotomy. Routine episiotomy was protective.

Esta pesquisa de tese teve como objetivos a identificação de como e por que as empresas de call center e contact center utilizam a modalidade de teletrabalho executado por teletrabalhadores em suas residências; a identificação das forças propulsoras do uso do teletrabalho, nas empresas pesquisadas; a identificação das forças restritivas do uso do teletrabalho residencial junto a estas empresas; a verificação das contribuições (ganhos e benefícios) advindas do uso do teletrabalho para os atores (empresas e teletrabalhadores) envolvidos neste processo, e a identificação das perspectivas de continuidade ou não do uso do teletrabalho residencial, nos próximos anos, pelas empresas em questão, inclusive com as razões deste posicionamento de continuidade ou não continuidade. Foram consideradas inicialmente seis empresas. No entanto, apenas quatro delas foram pesquisadas. Utilizou-se o método de pesquisa quali-quanti - uma combinação do método de estudo de caso e o método survey. As conclusões da pesquisa revelaram que o teletrabalho residencial tem sido utilizado com muito equilíbrio. As empresas, cujos casos foram estudados, representavam 92% do universo de empresas de call center e contact center, prestadoras deste serviço, por meio de teletrabalhadores residenciais deste segmento, no Brasil. As atividades mais executadas eram as típicas de call center e contact center: cobranças, televendas, pesquisas de satisfação com clientes, entre outras. As razões do uso desta modalidade, apresentadas, foram a redução de custos; o aumento da produtividade; a melhoria da qualidade de atendimento aos clientes; a possibilidade de se proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida aos teletrabalhadores residenciais e portadores de deficiência, proporcionando-lhes oportunidades de empregos com inclusão social e digital. As forças propulsoras e restritivas foram identificadas como sendo as de natureza econômica, social, legal e comportamental. As contribuições (ganhos e benefícios) obtidas pelas empresas e pelos teletrabalhadores foram identificadas como sendo as econômicas, as de qualidade de vida, as sociais, as ambientais e institucionais. Apurou-se que três das empresas, entre as quatro pesquisadas, pretendiam continuar utilizando a modalidade de teletrabalho, nos próximos anos. Uma empresa havia desistido desta continuidade, até o final desta pesquisa, e duas delas, que fariam parte do estudo, desistiram antes da coleta de dados. / This research thesis aimed to: 1) identify how and why call center and contact center companies use the method of telework performed by teleworkers in their homes; 2) identify the driving forces of telework in the surveyed companies; 3) identify the restrictive forces of residential telework of these companies; 4)verify contributions (earnings and profits) for the actors as a result of the use of telework (enterprises and teleworkers) involved in this process, and, 5) identify the process and reasons for the continuity or discontinuity of residential telework by these companies in the coming years. Six companies were initially considered. However, only four of them were surveyed. It was used the qualitative / quantitative method that combines the case study method and survey. The research findings revealed the residential telework has been used very sparingly. The companies whose cases were studied represent 92% of the population of call center and contact center providing service of this nature, by means of teleworkers in the residential segment in Brazil. The activities performed are more typical of call center and contact center, i.e., collections, telesales, customer satisfaction surveys, among others. The reasons for the use of this modality were: 1) cost reduction, 2) increasing productivity , 3) improving the quality of client service; 4) providing better quality of life for residential teleworkers with disabilities by giving them employment opportunities with social and digital inclusion. The driving and restrictive forces were identified as being of economic, social, legal and behavioral nature. The contributions (earnings and benefits) achieved by businesses and teleworkers were identified as economic,quality of life, social, environmental and institutional. It was found that three companies among the four surveyed intended to continue telework in the coming years. One company withdrew to continue with this mode at the end of this research and two that were found to integrate the objective analysis of this study withdrew before data collection.

This thesis addresses asylum policy from an ethical perspective. The research question is whether the asylum policy of the EU and Czech Republic needs to be as restrictive as it is at the moment. The thesis examines several theoretical approaches to asylum policy, with emphasis in ethical issues. From this perspective, the humanitarian principle is drawn and subsequently applied to the current EU and Czech asylum policy. The hypothesis is that it is possible to adopt a more flexible and open asylum policy in the EU and Czech Republic, with very limited impact on the national and supranational expenditures. The core part of the thesis presents a critical evaluation of EU and Czech asylum policy. The aim of the thesis is to elaborate specific practical recommendations for the future development of the EU and Czech asylum policy.

INTRODUÇÃO: Endomiocardiofibrose (EMF) é uma cardiomiopatia restritiva (CMR), caracterizada por uma disfunção diastólica, mas com a função sistólica e a fração de ejeção preservadas ou, em fases avançadas da doença, pouco prejudicadas. O consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2) é um marcador de mortalidade na insuficiência cardíaca sistólica (ICS). Apesar da mortalidade ser semelhante entre a CMR e ICS, ainda não é conhecido se o treinamento físico pode melhorar o VO2 pico em pacientes com EMF. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se 4 meses de treinamento combinado podem melhorar a capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida em pacientes com EMF. MÉTODOS: Vinte e um pacientes com EMF (classe funcional II e III, NYHA) foram divididos em 2 grupos: treinamento físico (EMF-TF, n = 9) e sedentários (EMF-Sed, n = 12). Foram avaliados: VO2 pico, pulso de O2, relação deltaFC/deltaVO2 e relação deltaVO2/deltaW, pelo teste cardiopulmonar (TECP); volume diastólico final (VDF), volume sistólico (VS) e volume diastólico do átrio esquerdo (AE), pela ecocardiografia (Simpson); e qualidade de vida, pelo questionário Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ). Os resultados do TECP dos pacientes com EMF foram comparados com os resultados de indivíduos controle saudáveis sedentários (CSS). Foi considerado significativo P < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Idade não foi diferente entre EMF-Sed, EMF-TF e CSS (58±9 vs. 55±8 vs. 53±6 anos, P = 0,31; respectivamente). O grupo EMF-TF apresentou um aumento do VO2 pico pós-intervenção, comparado com o momento pré e comparado com o grupo EMF-Sed, mas esse valor foi menor, comparado ao CSS (17,4 ± 3,0 para 19,7 ± 4,4 vs. 15,3 ± 3,0 para 15,0±2.0 vs. 24,5 ± 4,6 ml/kg/min, P < 0,001; respectivamente). O pulso de O2 do grupo EMF-TF no momento pós-intervenção foi maior, comparado ao momento pré e ao grupo EMF-Sed, mas foi semelhante, quando comparado ao grupo CSS (9,3 ± 2,6 para 11,1 ± 2,8 vs. 8,6 ± 2,2 para 8,6 ± 1 vs. 11,2 ± 2,9 ml/batimentos; P < 0,05; respectivamente). A relação deltaFC/deltaVO2 diminuiu no momento pós-intervenção no grupo EMF-TF, comparado ao momento pré e ao grupo EMF-Sed, igualando-se ao grupo CSS (75 ± 36 para 57 ± 14 vs. 68 ± 18 para 73 ± 14 vs. 56±17 bpm/L; P < 0,05; respectivamente). O grupo EMF-TF reduziu significativamente a relação deltaVO2/deltaW, após o período de treinemento, comparado ao momento pré e ao grupo EMF-Sed, igualando-se ao grupo CSS (12,3 ± 2.8 para 10,2 ± 1.9 vs. 12,6±1.7 para 12,4 ± 1.7 vs. 10,0 ± 0,9 ml/min/Watts; P = 0,002; respectivamente). O treinamento físico também aumentou o VDF do grupo EMF-TF, quando comparado ao grupo EMF-Sed (102,1 ± 64,6 para 136,2 ± 75,8 vs. 114,4 ± 55,0 para 100,4 ± 49,9 ml; P < 0,001; respectivamente) e o VS (57,5±31,9 para 72,2 ± 27,4 vs. 60,1 ± 25,2 para 52,1 ± 18,1 ml; P = 0,01; respectivamente), e diminuiu o volume diastólico do AE [69,0 (33,3- 92,7) para 34,9 (41,1-60,9) vs. 44,6 (35,8-73,3) para 45,6 (27,0-61,7) ml; P < 0,001; respectivamente). A qualidade de vida dos pacientes EMF-TF, quando comparados com o grupo EMF-Sed também melhorou após o período de treinamento físico (45±17 para 27±15 vs. 47±20 para 45 ± 23 pontos; P < 0,05; respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados esclarecem que os pacientes com EMF se beneficiaram com o treinamento físico combinado, enfatizando a importância dessa ferramenta não farmacológica no tratamento clínico habitual desses pacientes / BACKGROUND: Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), characterized by a diastolic dysfunction, but with preserved systolic function and preserved ejection fraction, except in severe cases, in which these two present mild reduction. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2) is a marker of mortality in systolic heart failure (SHF). Although mortality in RCM can be similar to SHF, it is still unknown if physical training can improve peak VO2 in patients with EMF. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if 4 months of combined physical training could improve functional capacity and quality of life in patients with EMF. METHODS: Twenty one EMF patients (functional class II and III, NYHA) were divided into 2 groups: physical training (EMF-PT, n = 9) and sedentary (EMF-Sed, n = 12). Peak VO2, O2 pulse, deltaFC/deltaVO2 relation and deltaVO2/deltaW relation were evaluated by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX); end diastolic volume (EDV), stroke volume (SV) and left atrium diastolic volume were evaluated by echocardiography (Simpson); and quality of life was evaluated by Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ). CPX results from EMF patients were compared to a healthy sedentary (HS) control group. Significance was considered P < 0,05. RESULTS: Age was not different between EMF-PT, EMF-Sed and HS (58 ± 9 vs. 55±8 vs. 53 ± 6 years, P = 0,31; respectively). EMF-PT group presented an increase in peak VO2 after training compared to EMF-Sed group, but was lower compared to HS (17,4 ± 3,0 to 19,7 ± 4,4 vs. 15,3 ± 3,0 to 15,0 ± 2.0 vs. 24,5 ± 4,6 ml/kg/min, P < 0,001; respectively). O2 pulse in EMF-PT group increased after training compared to EMFSed group, and was similar compared to HS (9,3 ± 2,6 to 11,1±2,8 vs. 8,6±2,2 to 8,6 ± 1 vs. 11,2±2,9 ml/betas; P < 0,05; respectively). deltaFC/deltaVO2 relation decreased after training in EMF-PT group compared to EMF-Sed group, and was similar compared to HS (75 ± 36 to 57 ± 14 vs. 68 ± 18 to 73 ± 14 vs. 56 ± 17 bpm/L; P < 0,05; respectively). deltaVO2/deltaW relation decreased after training in EMF-PT group compared to EMF-Sed group, and was similar compared to HS (12,3 ± 2.8 to 10,2 ± 1.9 vs. 12,6 ± 1.7 to 12,4 ± 1.7 vs. 10,0 ± 0,9 ml/min/Watts; P = 0,002; respectively). Physical training also increased EDV in EMF-PT compared to EMFSed (102,1±64,6 to 136,2±75,8 vs. 114,4±55,0 to 100,4±49,9 ml; P < 0,001; respectively) and SV (57,5±31,9 to 72,2±27,4 vs. 60,1±25,2 to 52,1±18,1 ml; P = 0,01; respectively), and decreased left atrium diastolic volume [69,0 (33,3-92,7) to 34,9 (41,1-60,9) vs. 44,6 (35,8- 73,3) to 45,6 (27,0-61,7) ml; P < 0,001; respectively). Quality of life in EMF-PT group improved after training when compared to EMF-Sed group (45±17 to 27±15 vs. 47 ± 20 to 45 ± 23 points; P < 0,05; respectively). CONCLUSION: These results point out that patients with EMF benefit from combined physical training emphasizing the importance of this nonpharmacological tool in the clinical treatment of these patients

Objective Although avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) has been included as a new diagnostic entity of childhood feeding and eating disorders, there is a lack of measures to reliably and validly assess ARFID. In addition, virtually nothing is known about clinical characteristics of ARFID in nonclinical samples. Method The present study presents the development and validation of an ARFID module for the child and parent version of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) in a nonclinical sample of N = 39 children between 8 and 13 years with underweight and/or restrictive eating behaviors. For evaluating the ARFID module's reliability, the convergence of diagnoses between two independent raters and between the child and parent module was determined. The module's validity was evaluated based on the full-length child version of the EDE, a 24 h food record, parent-reported psychosocial functioning and self-reported quality of life, and objective anthropometric measures. Results In total, n = 7 children received an ARFID diagnosis. The ARFID module showed high interrater reliability, especially for the parent version, and high convergence between child and parent report. Evidence for the module's convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity was provided. Specifically, children with versus without ARFID reported significantly less macro- and micronutrient intake and were more likely to be underweight. Discussion This pilot study indicates the child and parent version of the EDE ARFID module to be promising for diagnosing ARFID in a structured way but still necessitates a validation in a larger clinical and community-based sample.

Regular education teachers' self-efficacy may be negatively impacted due to a lack of professional development and experience teaching students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Research links teacher self-efficacy with increased student academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to examine to what degree training on ASD during and following teacher certification and experience had on overall teacher self-efficacy. This one-shot case study was based upon Bandura's theoretical construct of self-efficacy and secondarily on Tschannen-Moran, Woolfolk Hoy, and Hoy's theory of self-efficacy. The Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scales (TSES) was used to collect data from regular education teachers with experience teaching students with ASD in 1st through 3rd grades in a Southern California school district. After the data were assessed for accuracy, missing data, and outliers, the analysis was conducted on 36 cases. MANOVAs were conducted to assess differences on overall self-efficacy. Separate ANOVAs were used since the overall self-efficacy and the subscores were highly correlated. Though the sample in this study was small (n = 36) for data analysis, the effect size showed that training experience and grade levels had a moderate to large effect on teacher self-efficacy (.16, .13, .13 respectively). Therefore teacher self-efficacy has a positive impact on student achievement. Implications for positive social change are self-efficacious teachers increase the academic achievement of students with ASD. In this way, such students can become self-sustaining, dynamic members of the work force and community.