I och med införandet av BIM-metodiken inom byggbranschen, har flera frågor fötts kring reformationen av arbetsmetodiken inom projekteringsprocessen. En av dessa är frågan om content; grafik - och informationsinnehållet i en BIM-modell.  Rapportens syfte har varit att, via analys av befintliga contenthanteringstrategier, frambringa rekommendationer för utformande av konsekventa arbetsmetodiker inom Revit-projekt. Mål- sättningen har varit att rekommendationerna skall bidra till förstärkning och vidareutveckling av ett företags hantering av Revit-content.  Arbetet inleddes med en serie intervjuer på arkitektföretaget Tengboms Stockholmskontor. Intervjuerna utfördes med representanter för olika Revit-baserade projekt. Av dessa valdes fyra projekt ut till mer detaljerade fallstudier, där syftet var att kartlägga vilka strategier Tengbom tillämpat i sina Revit-projekt. Parallellt med intervjuerna, utfördes en litteraturstudie där information om befintliga contenthanteringsstrategier inom övriga företag och organisationer, kunde förvärvas och analyseras. Resultatet av fallstudierna på Tengbom jämfördes med de teorier som framkommit via litteraturstudien. För- och nackdelar med olika strategier inom contenthantering analyserades med utgångspunkt i olika aspekter gällande utbildning inom Revit-projektering, samt modellering och hantering av content. Slutsatsen blev att Tengbom haft den i särklass mest hållbara strategin inom den inledande fasen av företagets BIM-implementering. Flera fördelar kunde även identifieras i de övriga contenthanteringsstrategierna som analyserats. Dessa kom att utgöra en gedigen grund för de vidare rekommendationer som arbetet resulterade i. / The introduction of the BIM-methodology in the building industry has awoken several questions regarding the reformation of work methods in the project planning process. One is the question about content; graphics and information inside a Building Information Model. The purpose of this report has been to analyze existing content managing strategies, in order to create recommendations for the forming of consequent work methods in Revit projects. The goal has been to adjust the recommendations for companies willing to further develop internal work methods in the field, particularly concerning the management of Revit content. Several interviews with representatives from different Revit projects at the architectural firm Tengbom in Stockholm were conducted. Four of the Revit projects, were chosen for a more detailed case study, in order to acquire information about the company’s strategies concerning content management. Simultaneously, a literary study was executed, through which information about existing content management strategies in other companies and organizations could be obtained and analyzed. The results of the case studies at Tengbom were compared with theories acquired from the existing strategies in content management. Benefits and disadvantages were analyzed, based on different aspects concerning modeling and management of Revit content and also the education of Revit use. The report concludes that Tengbom has applied the most sustainable strategies in the initial part of the company’s BIM implementation process. Several benefits were also found in the existing strategies, analyzed in the literary study. Together, the conclusions formed a solid base for further recommendations, made as a result of the study in this report.

Den tekniska utvecklingen går fort fram. Tillämpandet av BIM (Byggnadsinformationsmodellering) blir allt vanligare inom byggsektorn. Dock halkar förvaltningen efter i utvecklingen, i jämförelse med byggprocessens tidiga skeden, projektering- och produktionsskedet. BIM i förvaltningen är väldigt omtalad men ännu har det inte implementerats i stor utsträckning. Detta arbete handlar om att undersöka huruvida digitaliserat förvaltningen är idag samt om mjukvaran BIM 360 Ops kan vara ett effektivare alternativ. BIM 360 Ops är en mjukvara skapad av Autodesk som riktar sig in på förvaltning. Genom intervjuer med Diagona AB, Fabege, HSB, Uppsala Kommuns fastighetsaktiebolag (UKFAB), Akademiska Hus, Locum, Stockholmshem samt FastPartner, får man en inblick i hur dessa företag går tillväga i dagsläget, vilka kunskaper det finns kring BIM hos förvaltare samt vad som saknas i förvaltningen. Här analyseras programvaror som respondenterna använder sig av, för att få en större uppfattning kring arbetsgången i förvaltningen. Ett detaljerat tillvägagångssätt av mjukvaran BIM 360 Ops demonstreras för att visa hur programvaran fungerar och för att upptäcka eventuella svårigheter, fördelar samt nackdelar med programmet. Resultatet visar att ingen av de intervjuade utnyttjar BIM i förvaltningen. Företagen strävar efter att digitalisera förvaltningen, men ännu inte åstadkommit det fullständigt. Intresset för BIM i förvaltningen finns, dock har många förvaltare brist på kunskap om byggnadsinformationsmodellering. Denna studie uppmärksammar digitalisering av förvaltningsskedet och genomgår undersökning kring programvaran BIM 360 Ops som frambringar BIM i förvaltningen. / The technological development is progressing rapidly. The application of BIM (Building Information Modeling) is becoming increasingly common in the construction sector. However, the property management slips behind in the development, in comparison with the early stages of the construction process, the design and production phase. BIM in the property management stage is frequently spoken about but BIM has not yet been implemented to a greater extent. This study aims to examine how digitalized property management is at present times and if the software BIM 360 Ops can be a more efficient alternative. BIM 360 Ops is a software created by Autodesk that targets the property management stage. Through interviews with Diagona AB, Fabege, HSB, Uppsala Kommuns fastighetsaktiebolag (UKFAB), Akademiska Hus, Locum, Stockholmshem and FastPartner, an insight on how these companies are proceeding at present times, which knowledge managers have about BIM and what is lacking in the management stage is brought forward. The software which the respondents use is analyzed in order to gain a greater understanding of different workflow used in the management stage. A detailed approach of the BIM 360 Ops software is demonstrated to show how the software works and to detect any difficulties, advantages and disadvantages of the software. The result shows that none of the interviewees use BIM in the management stage. The companies strive to digitalize the management stage, but has not yet fully accomplished it. There is interest in BIM in the management stage, however, many managers lack knowledge of Building Information Modeling. This study draws attention to the digitalization of the property management stage and presents a thorough study on the BIM 360 Ops software which brings forth BIM in the management stage.

Due to the rapid development of technology, the AEC industry in Sweden havebeen struggling to string along it. The demand from authorities to use BIM in theindustry are increasing and the respond from companies are minimal. The buildingprocess uses to be spanned over several phases and the early design phase is wherefocus is lied on mostly in this thesis. Here can several actors as architects, engineersetc. be involved. Lack of communication and lack of coordination between the partshave an important impact on the outcome and therefore BIM was developed. In theearly designing phase, the project takes it shape and approximated calculations andanalysis have to made. Usually the results from the early design phase dier from theanalytical analysis that are made later and the costs of projects increases. However,many new tools have come along the way with that development which makes itpossible to make energy optimization an even more ecient practice. Therefore, thisthesis has been chosen to investigate the dierent energy possibilities and outcomesduring the early design stage, in the aspect of daylight and energy simulations. Asimple test building was constructed in Stockholm, Sweden. The building is formedin a way that allows various material parameters to be altered in order to study theimpacts of the annual energy distribution. This thesis will shed more light on why itis important to develop the methods of energy simulations in the early design phase,and it's done by using the latest state of the art tools. A newly developed VPL toolnamed Dynamo together with the design tool Autodesk Revit and Green BuildingStudio is used in the simulation process. A script will be coded in the Dynamotool that will determine and allow the parameter variations of the building model inRevit. A comparison of 4 dierent case studies is graphically presented at the end.Even though the result was quite expected, the aim of this thesis was rather to serveas an example of how the tools of Dynamo and Revit can successfully coop-orate.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-06-29T13:25:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PRISCILLA BORGES DE FREITAS RODRIGUES.pdf: 3855875 bytes, checksum: 11d800e90a7d8e85c9925dfdaa032c34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T13:25:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PRISCILLA BORGES DE FREITAS RODRIGUES.pdf: 3855875 bytes, checksum: 11d800e90a7d8e85c9925dfdaa032c34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / This research had as main point to use the Building Information Modeling (BIM), as an integrated form with the logic of the Last Planner system in relation to the planning and control of the production in companies of the civil construction sector and, with that, a model that promotes this integration in order to improve efficiency in medium and short term planning, where the construction of the integration model involves the development of a plug-in for Revit®, capable of making the information available in a database also fed by other software, here titled “L7”, through which it becomes possible to insert the analytic structure of a work and other information about the consumption of the inputs and, thus, make it possible to establish the relation between each geometric element and their needs for manpower and material, making explicit the restrictions when training the Lookahead through visual management. The methodological approach adopted was Design Science Research, whose main objective is to develop an artifact capable of solving a real and relevant problem and, thus, to promote the advance of the theoretical knowledge about the subject and to contribute to the operation within the companies. The evaluation of the constructed model was made through an empirical study in a work into a mall of a construction company in Goiás, followed by two services in the formation of the Lookahead of the month of January and the work week plan of the four weeks. It was possible, through visual color management, to check tasks that had material and/or labor constraints, facilitating the formatting of medium-term planning and improving the efficiency of short-term planning. / Esta pesquisa envolveu-se com a utilização da modelagem da informação da construção (BIM) de maneira integrada à lógica do Last Planner no planejamento e controle da produção em empreendimentos do setor da construção civil. Para isso, a investigação teve como objetivo principal construir um modelo BIM integrador, de forma a atuar na melhoria do planejamento de médio e curto prazo. A construção do modelo de integração passou pelo desenvolvimento de um plug-in para o software Revit®, capaz de disponibilizar informações em um banco de dados alimentado por outro software de planejamento. O modelo BIM estruturado tornou possível estabelecer a relação entre cada elemento geométrico do projeto arquitetônico e suas necessidades de materiais, mão-deobra e especificações de projeto. A abordagem metodológica adotada na pesquisa foi a Design Science Research. A avaliação do modelo construído foi feita em um estudo empírico em obra de grande porte do setor de edificações. Foi possível, através da gestão visual, verificar as tarefas que possuíam restrições em relação a materiais, mão-de-obra e detalhamento de projeto, facilitando a elaboração do planejamento de médio prazo e melhorando a eficiência do planejamento de curto prazo.

Volvo Group Trucks Operations tillverkar motorer, växellådor och lastbilar till koncernens varumärken Volvo, Renault, Mack och UD-Trucks. Powertrain Production är produktionsenheten inom AB Volvo som producerar dieselmotorer och motorkomponenter. I Skövde består Volvos produktionsprocesser av gjutning, bearbetning och montering. Gjuteriet använder metaller och legeringar för att producera färdiga komponenter och delar. Tillverkningsmaterialet förvaras och hämtas från fabrikens materialgård. Materialgårdens tillväxt har skett okontrollerat genom åren. Material har placerats efter möjlighet och skapat ett komplext flöde. Volvo uppfattar området vara riskfyllt på grund av det trånga utrymmet personalen delar med inkommande och utgående trafik. Logistiken upplevs därför rörig, ineffektiv och oorganiserad. Syftet var att utföra en nulägesanalys av materialgården utifrån kriterierna layout, personal och fordon, inköp och materialhantering, flöde, arbetsmätning samt riskanalys. Därefter konstruerades ett nytt förslag baserad på nulägesanalysen. Metodiken har baserats på intervjuer och observationer. Teori har studerats för att praktiskt genomföra en layoututformning, analys av logistik och flöde samt arbetsmätning och riskanalys. Revit Architecture har använts för att visa dagens layout och ett koncept av en ny materialgård. Dagbok användes som hjälpmedel efter varje besök. Resultatet av nulägesanalysen visar att aktuell layout skiljer sig avsevärt från tidigare upplägg. Logistiken och materialhantering visar en hög omsättning och ett komplext materialflöde. Arbetsmätningen indikerade på onödiga transportsträckor och långa väntetider. Riskanalysen stärkte tidigare misstankar om osäker arbetsplats.   I förslaget på ny layout presenteras ett upplägg baserat på ”Struktur, Effektivitet och Säkerhet” med en avsevärd minskning av både materialhantering och trafik inne på materialgården. Materialgården är ett exempel på en del av verksamheten som inte har utvecklats i takt med Volvos expansion. Det visar på en oprioriterad verksamhet där planering och struktur har varit eftersatt. För materialgården rekommenderas att Volvo ser över sin materialverksamhet och strukturerar om från grunden. Genom tydligare planering erhålls en effektivare produktion och därigenom bättre lönsamhet. Det kräver att företaget ligger steget före i utvecklingen. Åtgärder bör implementeras om gjuteriet ska uppvisa konkurrensfördelar i Volvos verksamhet. / Volvo Group Trucks Operations manufactures engines, transmissions and trucks to the Groups brands Volvo, Renault, Mack and UD Trucks. Powertrain Production is the production unit within AB Volvo producing diesel engines and engine components. Volvo´s production in Skövde consists of casting, machining and assembly. The foundry uses metals and alloys to produce finished components and parts. The material is stored and retrieved from the factory´s material yard. The material yards growth has occurred uncontrollably through time. Materials have been placed according to feasibility and has created a complex flow. Volvo perceives the area to be unsafe because of the confined space the staff shares with incoming and outgoing traffic. Therefore the logistics are turbid, inefficient and disorganized. The purpose was to perform a current state analysis of the material yard based on the criteria´s layout, employees and vehicles, purchasing and material handling, material flow, work measurement and risk analysis. Subsequently a new proposal was created based on the current state analysis. The methodology was based on interviews and observations. Theory has been studied for the practical implementation of a layout design, analysis of logistics and flow as well as work measurements and a risk analysis have been performed. Revit Architecture has been used to demonstrate the current layout and a concept of a new material yard. Diary was a used tool after each visit. The result of the current state analysis shows that the current layout differs substantially from previous layout. Logistics and material handling shows a high turnover and a complex material flow. Work measurements indicate in unnecessary distances and long waits. The risk analysis strengthened earlier suspicions of an unsafe workplace. The new proposal presents a layout based on "Structure, Efficiency and Security" with a significant reduction in both material handling and traffics inside the material yard. The material yard is an example of a part in the company that has not evolved in line with Volvo´s expansion. This shows an unprioritized part of the business where planning and structure has been neglected. For the material yard it is recommended that Volvo reviews their material activities and tackle their operations from the basis. Through planning, a more efficient production is obtained and thereby improved profitability. It requires that the company is at the forefront of development. Actions should be implemented if the foundry seeks a competitive advantage in Volvo´s operations.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Autodesk Revit software has been increasingly used in architecture due to the advantages brought about by the incorporation of BIM technology, which combines all the information representing a real building into a single virtual model. However, its capabilities have not yet been fully explored, such as in building simulations, for which Revit lacks detailed thermal analytical features. Thus, this study aims to examine the reliability of the interoperability between Autodesk Revit 2016 and EnergyPlus 8.4.0 by using Revit models for thermal simulations in EnergyPlus, one of the most commonly used tools for this purpose. The methodology consists of case studies targeting building models based on Case 600, from ASHRAE Standard 140, and Casa Eficiente Project, located in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. The digital models of both buildings were produced in Revit with different modelling processes (conceptual mass or building elements with rooms or spaces) and software settings. All of these BIM models were exported in IFC, gbXML and IDF file formats and later converted through the use of additional tools in order to be opened in EnergyPlus. Such files were compared with the reference model of each building produced directly in EnergyPlus, using SketchUp containing the plug-in Legacy OpenStudio, in order to check for any distortions occurring in the process of data transfer when performing model exports and conversions. This comparison was based on parameters defined for geometry, simulation settings (materials thermal properties, building use and occupation etc.) and simulation results containing outputs of monthly internal temperatures for the thermal zones of each model. The results showed variations and similarities among the different types of modelling, export processes, and file formats used, revealing that distortions in data transfer become larger the more complex the building model is. This study points out conceptual mass models from gbXML files regardless of the export mode out of Revit as a viable alternative to be used in conjunction with EnergyPlus, as they preserve the geometrical accuracy of the building, even as some Revit default settings may be transferred over, thus failing to reflect some of the aspects of the real built environment. However, it was found that Revit models in general are not recommended for these types of exports due to the resulting rework needed for correcting files. It was concluded that the interoperability between Autodesk Revit and EnergyPlus is not perfect, as their combined use allows for data transfers that make possible the thermal simulation of buildings, however, in this exchange there are distortions in the exported geometries and lack of the necessary data for correct simulation in all exported models. / O programa computacional Autodesk Revit tem seu uso crescente na prática de projetos de arquitetura devido às vantagens pela incorporação da tecnologia BIM, a qual reúne todas as informações que representam uma edificação real em um único modelo virtual. Contudo suas capacidades ainda não são totalmente exploradas, inclusive no âmbito de simulação computacional de edificações no qual o programa carece de ferramentas para análises térmicas detalhadas do ambiente construído. Portanto, este estudo objetivou analisar o grau de confiabilidade da interoperabilidade entre os programas Autodesk Revit 2016 e EnergyPlus 8.4.0, para verificar o uso de modelos digitais de edificações criados no Revit em simulações térmicas realizadas na ferramenta EnergyPlus, uma das mais difundidas para este fim. A metodologia consistiu em estudos de caso com modelos de edificações baseados no Case 600, da norma ASHRAE Standard 140, e no Projeto Casa Eficiente, localizado em Florianópolis. Os modelos digitais de ambas as edificações foram produzidos no Revit com diferentes processos de modelagem (massas conceituais ou elementos de construção com ambientes ou espaços inseridos) e configurações do programa. Todos estes modelos BIM foram exportados nos formatos de arquivo IFC, gbXML e IDF e posteriormente convertidos para a extensão suportada pelo EnergyPlus, com o auxílio de ferramentas adicionais, para serem abertos no programa. Tais arquivos foram comparados com o modelo de referência de cada edificação produzido diretamente no EnergyPlus, por meio do programa SketchUp com o plug-in Legacy OpenStudio, para verificar as distorções na transferência das informações quando foi realizada a exportação e conversão dos modelos. Esta comparação foi feita com base em parâmetros definidos para as geometrias, configurações de simulação (propriedades térmicas dos materiais, padrões de uso e ocupação, entre outros) e resultados das simulações com valores de saída para as temperaturas internas mensais das zonas térmicas de cada modelo. Os resultados demonstraram variações e similaridades entre os tipos de modelagem, de processo de exportação e de formato de arquivo utilizado, cujas distorções na transferência dos dados são maiores quanto mais complexo for o modelo da edificação. A pesquisa apontou que os modelos de massas conceituais provenientes de arquivos gbXML, independentemente do modo de exportação a partir do Revit, configuraram-se como alternativa mais viável para utilização no EnergyPlus, por se manterem mais próximos à geometria da edificação, ainda que sejam transferidas configurações padrão do Revit que podem não retratar a realidade do ambiente construído. Porém, foi verificado que, de maneira geral, os modelos digitais do Autodesk Revit não são recomendados para esse tipo de exportação devido ao retrabalho diante da necessidade de correções nos arquivos. Concluiu-se que não é perfeita a interoperabilidade entre os programas computacionais Autodesk Revit e EnergyPlus, pois existe a possibilidade de transferência de informações para simulações térmicas de edificações, entretanto nesta troca há distorções nas geometrias e falta de dados necessários para a correta execução da simulação em todos os modelos exportados.

[pt] A indústria da construção sempre foi um mercado competitivo que busca a certificação de qualidade com melhores índices de desempenho. Espera-se, portanto, que profissionais do planejamento da construção ofereçam respostas cada vez mais eficientes e eficazes para os problemas que enfrentam. O processo BIM (Building Information Modeling ou Modelagem da Informação para Construção) tem o potencial de impactar favoravelmente esta tendência. Uma parte integral desse processo é a organização em um mesmo arquivo eletrônico ou em uma única base de dados das informações provenientes das disciplinas envolvidas e que são necessárias para o projeto. Vários softwares para desenvolvimento de projetos estruturais estão disponíveis no mercado e com o uso dos mesmos espera-se uma redução dos tempos de resposta que os engenheiros estruturais necessitam para apresentar cálculos e projetos confiáveis. No entanto, a automatização desses cálculos dentro do processo BIM ainda é incipiente. Esta dissertação apresenta a implementação do código de verificação do dimensionamento de elementos de aço de acordo com a norma brasileira vigente dentro de um ambiente BIM. Isto é feito através de um plug-in para a ferramenta computacional Revit Structure da Autodesk, através da qual é possível acessar a base de dados que armazena as informações do modelo digital do projeto. O plug-in extrai dessa base de dados os parâmetros e as características dos elementos estruturais definidos previamente, e automaticamente checa os cálculos de acordo com a norma vigente, dentro do ambiente BIM. Além da verificação do projeto estrutural a ferramente permite também a modificação do projeto para atender a norma. Isso é feito através de uma interface gráfica amigável dentro do programa Revit Structure. A ferramenta também disponibiliza um relatório final ou memória de cálculo com todas as variáveis necessárias para sua interpretação. A aplicação da ferramenta desenvolvida é uma solução completa para os usuários dentro do ambiente BIM do Revit da Autodesk. / [en] The construction industry has always been a competitive market that is seeks quality certification combined with best performance rates. Therefore, more and more it is expected that building planning professionals provide efficient and effective responses to the problems presented to them. The BIM (Building Information Modeling) process has the potential to favorably impact this trend. An integral part of this process is the organization of all the information from all the disciplines involved in a project into a single electronic file or database. Several software packages are available in the market for structural design, which facilitate the structural engineer tasks and tend to reduce the response time necessary for them to provide a safe and reliable design. However, the automation of these tasks within the BIM process is still incipient. This dissertation presents the implementation of standard code verification within a BIM environment for steel elements fulfilling the current Brazilian Standard Code. This is achieved through a plug-in for Autodesk s Revit Structure. The developed tool accesses the environment s database that stores the project s data, and extracts the parameters and characteristics of the structural elements defined previously. It automatically checks the design against the standard and allows for project modification on the fly. This is done through a friendly graphical user interface implemented within Revit Structure. The tool also provides a final report with all the information necessary for the structural design. The developed plug-in is a complete solution for users within the Autodesk s Revit BIM environment.

Industrial buildings are increasing all over Sweden. Farmers are building new modern facilities and the government chooses to build new halls to invest i youth sports. Glulam is the most common framework but there are limitations because of the transport. Therefore, there is a need to develop new solutions to increase the use of glulam. The maximum torque in the eaves was found in the frame with a roof pitch of 18 degrees and a wingspan of 25 meters. Using hand calculations according to Eurocode and comparison with the computer software StatCon, the maximum torque, shear force and utilization rate is calculated. Based on the maximum torque, of 973,86 kNm (calculated as 1000 kNm), the maximum compressive force is found in the eaves storage. The area is determined to 0.116m2 and the eaves are formed with 7 lamellae glued to the inside of the frame to relocate the support surface so that cutting of the laminated timber should be as simple as possible. The relocation of the storage is also needed for the required number of WR-T screws to fit on top of the frame. The screws are dimensioned according to previously calculated traction force in the eaves and to the transmission between the screws and the glulam. The transmission forces were found in a product brochure by SFS intec. Two different screw sizes is tested and deployed by distance according to Eurocode. -          WR-T-9x400                  Number: 332 pieces/frame   Cost: 15 897 skr/frame -          WR-T-13x700               Number: 136 pieces/frame   Cost: 22 927 skr/frame Calculations on the new attachment method show that it is possible to construct moment resisting eaves. In an economic comparison between the screws, it appears that WR-T-9x400 was the cheapest regardless of the length or span on the chosen building. The design of the glulam frame system in 3D is based on the calculations and definitions. The models are developed in the software Revit in stages according to the desired dimensions and local conditions in order to show the client at the tender negotiations. / Byggandet av hallbyggnader ökar runt om i Sverige. Lantbruk bygger nya moderna anläggningar och staten väljer att bygga nya hallar för att satsa på ungdomsidrotten. Limträ är ett mycket vanligt stommaterial men det finns begräsningar av limträmöjligheterna som styrs av transporten. Därför finns det behov av att utreda nya lösningar för att kunna öka användandet av limträ. Av de undersökta ramarna beräknades det maximala momentet i ramhörnet där taklutningen var 18 grader och spännvidden 25 meter. Med hjälp av handberäkningar enligt Eurocode och jämförelser med dataprogrammet StatCon togs maximalt moment, tvärkrafter, normalkrafter och utnyttjandegrader ut. Utifrån det maximala momentet, 973,86 kNm (räknas som 1000 kNm) beräknas tryckkraften vid ramhörnsupplaget som dimensionerar upplagsarean. Arean bestämdes till 0.116m2 och ramhörnet utformas med 7 pålimmade lameller på insidan av rambenet samt på undersidan av överramen för att förskjuta upplagsytan så att sågningen av limträet ska vara så enkelt och ekonomiskt som möjligt. Förskjutningen krävs även för att erfordrat antal WR-T skruvar ska få plats på ovansidan av rambenet. Skruvarna dimensioneras efter tidigare beräknad dragkraft i ramhörnet och skruvarnas kraftöverföring till limträet bestäms enligt underlag från SFS intec. Två olika skruvdimensioner testas och placeras ut efter avstånd enligt Eurocode:  - WR-T-9x400 Antal: 332 st/ram Kostnad: 15 897 kr/ram - WR-T-13x700 Antal: 136 st/ram Kostnad: 22 927 kr/ram  Beräkningar på den nya infästningsmetoden visar att det är möjligt att konstruera momentstyva ramhörn som kan monteras på plats med skruvmontage. Vid en ekonomisk jämförelse mellan skruvarna visar det sig att WR-T-9x400 skruven blir billigast oavsett vilken längd eller spännvidd man väljer på byggnaden. Utifrån beräkningar och avgränsningar utformas 3D-modeller av limträstomsystemet i dataprogrammet Revit. Modellerna tas fram stegvis efter önskade dimensioner och lokala förutsättningar för att kunna visa beställaren vid offerförhandlingarna.

Digitaliseringen av samhället sker allt snabbare, men till skillnad från de flesta andra branscher så sker digitaliseringen av byggbranschen långsamt. Fastighetsförvaltningen är den del av branschen som ligger mest efter när det kommer till digitalisering. På grund av det har ett informationsgap uppstått mellan projekteringen och förvaltningen. En lösning för att binda samman projekteringens informationsrikedom med förvaltningen kan vara digitala tvillingar. Syftet med denna studie var att bidra till en ökad förståelse kring vad en digital tvilling är och att ge en bättre bild av hur en digital tvilling kan skapas samt hur den kan användas i förvaltningsskedet. Målet var att ta fram en BIM-modell som ska kunna ligga till grund för en digital tvilling som kan användas inom förvaltningen. Den metod som valdes för att undersöka problemet är modellering, där första steget var att ta fram statisk information kring den aktuella fastigheten. Sedan modellerades byggnaden och slutligen tillfördes dynamisk information via en molnbaserad plattform. För modelleringen av byggnaden användes programvaran Autodesk Revit 2023. För att sammanlänka 3D-modellen med den dynamiska informationen användes plattformen Twinfinity. I denna studie har en BIM-modell skapats som utgör en virtuell representation av en verklig fastighet. Relevant statisk och dynamisk information kring fastigheten samlades in och kopplades till den virtuella modellen. Den virtuella modellen som togs fram i denna studie kan per definition inte kallas för en digital tvilling, men kan med vidare arbete utvecklas till en digital tvilling. Den framtagna modellen bör ses som ett bra exempel på hur fastighetsdata kan kopplas till en BIM-modell och på hur informationen kan visualiseras på ett enkelt och lättförståeligt sätt.  Resultatet visar att implementering av digitala modeller i fastighetsförvaltningen kan generera fördelar. En digital modell ger fastighetsförvaltaren god kontroll och förståelse kring fastigheten, dess utseende, vad den innehåller och framförallt storlek på ytor och rum. Modellen skapar också en plattform där all information kring fastigheten kan samlas på ett och samma ställe och där den är lättillgänglig för alla inom organisationen då den är molnbaserad.  I dagsläget råder dock en ovisshet kring vad en digital tvilling är på grund av att det saknas en branschgemensam definition av begreppet, vilket kan leda till missförstånd och missuppfattningar. Vidare nås slutsatsen att det är svårare att skapa en informationsrik digital tvilling för en redan befintlig byggnad jämfört med nyproduktion med avseende på statisk information. Vid nyproduktion är det möjligt att ta tillvara på all den information som genereras under projekteringen och överföra den direkt till den digitala tvillingen genom en obruten informationskedja, vilket gör att informationsgapet mellan projektering och förvaltning undviks. Vad gäller dynamisk information råder däremot ingen skillnad i informationsrikedom i den digitala tvillingen för redan befintliga byggnader jämfört med nyproduktion. / Swedish property management is slow to adapt to the increasing digitalization in society. A tool to help the industry become more digitized is digital twins. The aim of this study is to contribute to an increased understanding of what a digital twin is and to give a better picture of how a digital twin can be produced for property management. The goal is to develop a BIM-model that can form the basis of a digital twin that can be used in property management. The method used to investigate the problem is by modelling an existing building that will be provided with static and dynamic information. The result shows that it is possible to produce a BIM-model relatively easily which can form the basis of a digital twin. The conclusion is that digital models create several advantages for the management, it creates good control and understanding of the property and gathers all information in one place. Currently, there is uncertainty about what a digital twin is due to the lack of an industry-wide definition of the term, which leads to misunderstandings and misconceptions. Lastly, creating a digital twin for an existing property can be problematic as the static information that the digital twin can contain is limited by the amount of information the property manager possesses, as well as the information that can be obtained through a physical examination of the building.

For more time and cost efficient projects, the construction industry needs to develop modern and integrated working methods. The preparation of construction documents is now in transition from 2D (AutoCAD) to 3D (Revit) modelling with an aim to streamline the workflow. This study aims to streamline the construction designing and planning stages by implementing specific commands that are adapted for Revit. The function of these commands is to provide complete structural components. These components will reduce the time to complete a construction drawing set compared to a traditional 2D method. Qualitative studies were conducted in the form of interviews with construction engineers. The interviews were based on different sub-areas that affect different parts of the planning stages. Based on these interviews, the toolbox was designed, containing the previously mentioned commands. Some conclusions that have been drawn after the study completion are that the construction industry is in need for a change, and that the building sector requires a systematic and united working method to streamline work methodology. In addition to the reduction of time and additional costs, this tool will reduce the frustration that may arise in the search of building components using traditional methods. / För ett effektivt arbete behöver byggbranschen utveckla mer moderna- och integrerade arbetsmetoder. Evolutionen inom bygg med avseende på framställningen av konstruktionshandlingar övergår från 2D- till 3D-handlingar och övergången effektiviserar arbetet. Denna studie har i syfte att effektivisera arbetet för konstruktörerna i projekteringsskedet genom att beakta behoven som efterfrågas om Revit och tillgodose dessa. Genom en fallstudie utvärderades för-och nackdelarna med den befintliga arbetsmetoden som bidragit till idén om en tilläggsfunktion i Revit. I de kvalitativa studierna utreddes behovet av en tilläggsfunktion som genomfördes i form av intervjuer med konstruktörer. Behovet tillgodosågs med hjälp av tilläggsfunktionen Verktygslådan som tillhandahåller olika knappar som representerar olika byggkomponenter. Det var den kvalitativa studien som bidrog till utvecklingen av idén där konstruktörers åsikter och råd tog i akt. Effekten av Verktygslådan blev en reducering av projekteringstiden som samtidigt minskade störningar i arbetet. Slutsatser som har dragits efter avslutad studie är att byggbranschen indikerar ett behov av förändring, där sektorn kräver ett mer systematiskt och enhetligt arbetssätt för att effektivisera arbetsmetodiken. Genom att tillhandahålla konstruktionshandlingar på ett effektivare sätt reduceras tidsåtgången och merkostnaderna samtidigt som sektorn erhåller högre kvalité och tillförlitlighet i de olika skedena.