The diploma thesis examines a drama translation and its changes for staging purposes. The thesis strives for interdisciplinarity, for it enriches the theoretical-analytical approaches of translation studies with practical dramaturgy insights of the creators of the stagings. The thesis analyses Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman (1949) as translated by Luba and Rudolf Pellar (1962). Their literary translation is subjected to a translation analysis under Peter Newmark's model of analysing a translation (1988). Subsequently, the thesis examines the types and the extent of the changes in the scripts for stagings used in the Czech National Theatre in 1993-1996, and in the current staging in the Municipal Theatres of Prague (premiere in 2019) while employing their comparison with the Pellars' published translation. Key words: translation studies, translation of drama, Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller, Luba and Rudolf Pellar, staging, dramaturgy

Det anonyma företaget är ett IT-tjänsteföretag som utför IT-tjänster efter kunds behov. De fick för några månader sedan en internetleverantör som kund. De sköter konfigurationen av internetleverantörens routrar och switchar som sen skickas till internetleverantörens företagskunder. Arbetet går ut pa att uppgradera operativsystem på routrar och switchar samt lägga till filer och sedan skicka produkt till internetleverantörens slutkund. Filer och operativsystem skiljer sig åt beroende på vilken typ av router och switch som ska uppgraderas. Arbetssättet idag är ineffektivt och det blir en del fel då man idag arbetar med USB minnen. Målet med detta arbete är att effektivisera deras arbetssätt genom att lagra alla filer på en TFTP server istället för på USB minnen. Ett skript ska skapas med språket VB script som automatiserar konfigurationen av routrar och switchar. Terminal för att kunna kommunicera med router/switch är SecureCrt. Personal på Företaget har sagt att det i snitt tar ca 15 minuter att konfigurera en router manuellt. Man kör endast en åt gången pga. kvalitetssäkring och man måste sitta framför skärmen under hela förloppet då man konfigurerar manuellt. Resultatet av mitt arbete ledde till en effektivisering. Tiden det tar att konfigurera en router hamnar pa samma tid, ca 15 minuter, dock kan man köra flera samtidigt men pga. platsbrist så kan de köra max två åt gången samtidigt som man inte behöver sitta framför skärmen då skriptet sköter all konfiguration. Det blev också säkrare att köra då man slipper leta efter rätt USB minne till motsvarande enhet. / The anonymous company is an IT company that performs IT services according to customer needs. They got an internet provider as a customer about a couple of months ago. They manage the configuration of the ISP's routers and switches, which are then sent to the ISP's corporate customers. The work involves upgrading operating systems on routers and switches as well as adding files and then sending the product to the ISP’s end customer. Files and operating systems differ depending on the type of router and switch to be upgraded. The working method today is inefficient and there can be some errors when working with USB memory sticks today. The goal of this work is to improve and make their operation more effective by storing all files on a TFTP server instead of on USB storage. A script will be created with the language VB script that automates the configuration of routers and switches. The terminal for communicating with the router/switch is SecureCrt. Staff at the company have said that it takes on average about 15 minutes to manually configure a router. You only configure one at a time due to quality assurance and you have to sit in front of the screen throughout the process when configuring manually. The result of my work led to an efficiency improvement. The time it takes to configure a router ends at the same time, about 15 minutes, however, you can run several units simultaneously but because of lack of space, they can run a maximum of two at a time, while not having to sit in front of the screen as the script handles all configuration. It also led to lesser errors as you do not have to look for the correct USB memory for the corresponding device.

The importance of knowledge transfer inside organizations is an undisputable fact, which got the attention of managers in recent decades. One of the most important reasons that make the knowledge transfer a compulsory task is the danger of its loss. Storytelling in any of its forms, including movie script writing, facilitates knowledge transfer by the use of its potency in representing different information’s component and interrelationships between them. But using movies and movie-scripts in organizations as a knowledge management tool is not as easy as it sounds. There are some issues that should be considered, otherwise the result will not be as good as expected or can even have negative effects on the audience. Based on a search that we have done, we noticed the lack of a comprehensive research which tackles these issues from both knowledge management and scriptwriting perspectives, and provides practical solutions for them. In this thesis we introduce a set of guidelines to inspire knowledge managers or screenwriters who are supposed to write a movie script for transferring knowledge inside organizations. These guidelines may facilitate this process by guiding them to foresee and prevent the issues and solve the problems which may occur. For achieving this goal, we first did a comprehensive literature review and developed a set of guidelines. Then we applied the resulted guidelines on a case. Finally, we evaluated them by utilizing method triangulation. We asked experts' opinions about the applicability and efficiency of the guidelines, tested the clarity and understandability of them, and tested the performance of a movie script which we wrote for the case. The result of the evaluations was pretty satisfying. The knowledge management and screenwriting experts gave us positive comments about efficiency of the guidelines. The managers, who we consulted, found this set of guidelines applicable in real situations. The clarity and understandability test returned an average of 75.58% positive results, which shows that the user of the set of guidelines can read and understand it easily. Finally the test of the movie-script, which we wrote for a real case according to the guidelines, resulted in an average of 85% correct answers. It shows that we were successful in transferring the knowledge, which was embedded in the movie-script, to the recipients. The experts’ opinion and test results indicate that these guidelines are clear, understandable, applicable, and may efficiently facilitate the process of screenwriting for transferring knowledge inside organizations. It can increase the benefits that organizations make from investing in film production by the purpose of transferring knowledge internally.

The importance of knowledge transfer inside organizations is an undisputable fact, which got the attention of managers in recent decades. One of the most important reasons that make the knowledge transfer a compulsory task is the danger of its loss. Storytelling in any of its forms, including movie script writing, facilitates knowledge transfer by the use of its potency in representing different information’s component and interrelationships between them. But using movies and movie-scripts in organizations as a knowledge management tool is not as easy as it sounds. There are some issues that should be considered, otherwise the result will not be as good as expected or can even have negative effects on the audience. Based on a search that we have done, we noticed the lack of a comprehensive research which tackles these issues from both knowledge management and scriptwriting perspectives, and provides practical solutions for them. In this thesis we introduce a set of guidelines to inspire knowledge managers or screenwriters who are supposed to write a movie script for transferring knowledge inside organizations. These guidelines may facilitate this process by guiding them to foresee and prevent the issues and solve the problems which may occur.For achieving this goal, we first did a comprehensive literature review and developed a set of guidelines. Then we applied the resulted guidelines on a case. Finally, we evaluated them by utilizing method triangulation. We asked experts' opinions about the applicability and efficiency of the guidelines, tested the clarity and understandability of them, and tested the performance of a movie script which we wrote for the case. The result of the evaluations was pretty satisfying. The knowledge management and screenwriting experts gave us positive comments about efficiency of the guidelines. The managers, who we consulted, found this set of guidelines applicable in real situations. The clarity and understandability test returned an average of 75.58% positive results, which shows that the user of the set of guidelines can read and understand it easily. Finally the test of the movie-script, which we wrote for a real case according to the guidelines, resulted in an average of 85% correct answers. It shows that we were successful in transferring the knowledge, which was embedded in the movie-script, to the recipients. The experts’ opinion and test results indicate that these guidelines are clear, understandable, applicable, and may efficiently facilitate the process of screenwriting for transferring knowledge inside organizations. It can increase the benefits that organizations make from investing in film production by the purpose of transferring knowledge internally.

The human brain is always searching for recognizable shapes, it is natural for us to always look for connections and try to get an overall sense of things and situations. But what if the form dissolves itself and instead creates a range between the more clear and intense to the blurred and defocused.By using an entanglement of lines that further out from the inner centre reduces its intensity, it will create an effect of a weak, unsettled edge that is hard to read. My project investigates this phenomena and how a mass of single components merge into a singular whole permeable structure that absorbs the program of the transit centre.By using the technique of this complex nested hierarchy of components will I create a variation of areas and nested pochés. These areas will work as the different climate zones that a transit station requires. / Den mänskliga hjärnan söker alltid efter igenkännbara former, det är naturligt för oss att alltid leta efter anslutningar och försöka få en övergripande känsla av saker och ting. Men vad händer om formen löser upp sig och skapar istället ett intervall mellan det mer tydliga och intensiva och det suddiga och oskarpa.Genom att använda en sammanflätning av linjer som längre ut från den inre kärnan minskar sin intensitet, kommer det att skapa en effekt av en svag, otydlig kant som är svår att läsa av. Mitt projekt undersöker detta fenomen och hur en massa enstaka komponenter kan slås samman till en hel genomsläpplig struktur som absorberar programmet för transit center. Genom att använda tekniken i denna komplexa kapslade hierarki av komponenter kommer jag att skapa en variation av områden och pochéer. Dessa områden kommer att fungera som de olika klimatzoner som ett resecentrum kräver.

Bakgrund: Samhällsvetenskaplig och sociologisk forskning om BDSM (enparaplyterm för bondage/disciplin, dominans/underkastelse och sadomasochism)är ett växande område sedan slutet av 1990-talet. Forskning som fokuserar påyngre BDSM-utövare saknas dock. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att, utifrån teorin omsexuella script (Simon & Gagnon 1986), undersöka vilka innebörder BDSM kanha för unga vuxna BDSM-utövare i Sverige 2019. Metod: Studien baseras påkvalitativa intervjuer med nio individer, i åldersintervallet 19–24 år, somdefinierar sig som BDSM-utövare. Materialet analyseras tematiskt utifrån teorinom sexuella script och Kenneth Burkes dramatistiska pentad. Resultat: Materialetkategoriseras i tre huvudteman som innefattar sammanlagt nio underteman:Konsonanser (”Kommunikation och utövande”, ”Intimitet och relationer” och”BDSM som den trygga sfären”), Dissonanser (”Dominant och jämställd” och”Negativa upplevelser och övergrepp”) samt Flertydiga harmonier (”Förnuft ochkänsla”, ”Feminisering som väg till njutning”, ”Åldersscript”, och ”Att skära sigmed olika innebörder”). Analysen visar att BDSM kan ha positiva, negativa ochparadoxala innebörder för unga vuxna utövare. Hur BDSM upplevs tycks hasamband med i vilken utsträckning sexuella script på olika scriptnivåer kongruerarmed varandra. Diskussion: Resultaten överensstämmer delvis med tidigareforskning, till exempel hur kommunikationen kan gå till, förekomsten av ensekvens av olika faser i utövandet, förhållningssätt till jämställdhet,iscensättningar kopplade till föreställningar om kön och ålder samt hur BDSMrelateras till intimitet, relationer och ett tryggt sammanhang. Utmärkande iempirin är att strypsex betraktas som vardagligt och vanligt. En analys avbeteendet ”att skära sig själv” i förhållande till självskadande och BDSM visar attbeteendet kan ha flera innebörder. / Background: Social scientific and sociological research on BDSM (an umbrellaterm for bondage/discipline, dominance/submission and sadomasochism) is agrowing field since the late 1990s. However, research focusing on youngerBDSM practitioners is lacking. Aim: Drawing on Simon and Gagnons (1986)concept of sexual scripting, the aim of this study is to examine meanings ofBDSM among young adult practitioners in Sweden 2019. Method: The study isbased on qualitative interviews with nine individuals, in the ages of 19 to 24years, who define themselves as BDSM practitioners. The material is analyzedthematically using sexual scripting theory. Result: The material is categorizedinto three main themes that includes a total of nine sub-themes; Consonances(“Communication and practice”, “Intimacy and relationships,” and “BDSM as asafe sphere”), Dissonances (“Dominant and equal” and “Negative experiences andabuse”), and Ambiguous harmonies (“Reason and emotion”, “Pleasure throughfeminization”, “Age scripts,” and “Different meanings in ‘self-cutting’”). Theanalysis shows that BDSM can contain positive, negative, and paradoxicalmeanings to young adult practitioners. How BDSM is perceived seems to berelated to whether scripts on different levels are congruent or incongruent.Discussion: The results are partly consistent with previous research, e.g. patternsof communication, sequences of events in practice, approaches to gender equality,conceptions of gender and age in BDSM sessions, and how BDSM is related tointimacy and relationships and experienced as a safe environment. A divergentfinding is that breathplay is considered common and ordinary. An analysis of selfcutting,in relation to self-harm behavior and BDSM, shows that self-cutting canhave several meanings.

Context. During each iteration of the application, we need to test the usability of the application. Therefore, how to improve efficiency and test according to the user's real experience is a problem faced by the company. According to our preliminary research on the literature. In the past, the usability of software systems was evaluated subjectively and the process was not well defined [21]. Every usability evaluation method has its advantages and disadvantages. Some are difficult to apply, and others are dependent on the measurer's opinions or instruments [21]. Moreover, currently, there are few studies on usability testing for e-commerce applications. And there is a lack of a usability test optimization scheme suitable for e-commerce applications. Therefore, we choose this direction for research. Objectives. This paper aims to provide an optimization method for usability testing process based on user requirements for e-commerce applications existing in the market, so that enterprises can more effectively implement the usability testing process in the process of iterative update of applications. Methods. In order to find the answers to the research questions, we used Literature review and Survey to collect the data. In the Survey section, we used the Questionnaire and Interview methods. After the data collection is completed, we perform quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data and organize the research conclusions. Results. Through a literature review, we conducted a systematic review of the usability challenges in e-commerce applications and how to overcome them. And we found the research direction in this process. We use the questionnaire to obtain the usability requirements of respondents (also users of e-commerce applications) for e-commerce applications, and use our optimization method (EEC) to translate user's requirements into usability test script content. And according to the feedback of the respondents to determine the content priority. We used interviews to understand the priorities that companies follow when actually performing usability testing. And compare it with the priority of our script to verify the effectiveness of our method. Conclusions. We summarize relevant conclusions by finding answers to research questions. Finally, an optimization method for usability testing is summarized, which will help future testers better implement usability testing to a certain extent.

This dissertation is based on the Kida-Smith (1995) model of "The encoding and retrievability of numerical data." It is concerned with the variable conditions under which a positive affective response (i.e., a decision or opinion that results in a positive valence) on previously viewed accounting information may and may not influence current decision-making. An affective response to accounting numbers may adversely influence decisions made based on those numbers. Prior research has found that individuals recall information that is consistent with prior decisions more readily than they recall inconsistent information. Research has also shown that current judgements are biased toward prior decisions or judgements. These biases may cause current decisions to be suboptimal or dysfunctional. Two 2x2 experiments were conducted to examine four hypotheses. These hypotheses concerned (1) the influence of an affective response on an investment decision when the differences between two sets of accounting numbers are small and when the differences are large, (2) the influence of an affective response on the recall of numerical data, (3) the influence of time on the recall of numerical data given an affective response, and (4) the influence of an affective response on an investment decision when the level of cognitive processing at the time the affective response is produced is low and when the level of processing is high. The first experiment used graduate students in an accounting course to investigate the influence of differences between numerical amounts on decision making. It also investigated the influence of time between the encoding and retrieval on recall of numerical amounts. The second experiment used accounting practitioners to investigate the influence of differences between numerical amounts on decision making, and to examine the influence of different levels of cognitive processing at the time of encoding on decision making. Results indicate that an affective response does produce suboptimal decisions. In the case of accounting practitioners, however, the influence of the affective response is mitigated when the magnitude of the difference between the accounting numbers previously viewed and those undergoing current examination is large rather than small. The affective response did not significantly influence the recall of numerical amounts. There was no significant change in the influence of the affective response on recalled amounts with increased time between encoding and retrieval. Also, there were no significant changes in decision-making with increased processing at the time of encoding. / Ph. D.

Un mot est mieux reconnu lorsqu'il est présenté dans le champ visuel droit (CVD) que dans le gauche. La supériorité du CVD peut être expliquée par le rôle de l'hémisphère gauche en lecture et par le sens de lecture pour les langues se lisant de gauche à droite. Cependant la comparaison entre les systèmes d'écriture gauche-droite et droite-gauche ne fournit pas de différences claires et systématiques. Le premier but de ce travail de thèse était de préciser les effets du sens de lecture sur la supériorité du CVD en lecture et d'évaluer si l'influence de l'écriture « environnementale » pouvait modifier les stratégies attentionnelles des lecteurs. Nous avons présenté des mots français et hébreux à des participants bilingues, mais de langue maternelle française ou hébreu, vivant en France ou en Israël. Les résultats ont montré une supériorité du CVD plus importante en français qu'en hébreu dans tous les groupes sauf chez les israéliens vivant en Israël. Il y aurait donc bien un effet de la langue et de l'écriture environnementale sur la supériorité du CVD. Avec d'autres expériences, nous avons également pu évaluer l'effet du contexte expérimental (confrontation des deux langues dans un même bloc d'essais) et de la familiarité linguistique (mots vs pseudomots). / A word is better identified when displayed in the right visual field (RVF) than in the left. The RVF superiority might be explained by the role of the left hemisphere in reading and by reading direction in left-to-right scripts. However the comparison between left-to-right and right-to-left scripts do not provide systemactic and clear differences. The primary goal of this dissertation was to determine the effects of reading direction on the RVF superiority in reading, and assess whether the influence of "environmental" writing could alter the attentional strategies of the readers. French and Hebrew words were displayed to bilingual participants but whose native language was French or Hebrew, living in France or in Israel. Results showed a larger RVF superiority in French than in Hebrew for all groups except among the Israeli group living in Israel. So there would have an effect of language, and environmental writing on the RVF superiority. With further experiments, we were also able to evaluate the effect of experimental context (confrontation of the two languages in the same block of trials) and linguistic familiarity (words vs pseudowords).

A primary deficit seen in many children with autism, particularly those with limited verbal repertoires, is repetitive and rote verbal behavior. This type of repetitive or rote verbal behavior can be stigmatizing and may severely limit access to primary reinforcers. Therefore, it may be beneficial to attempt to increase response variability in verbal behavior demonstrated by children with autism. Previous researchers have focused their efforts on examining response variability in motor behavior or existing verbal behavior, rather than new or recently taught verbal behavior. A potentially complementary intervention for teaching new verbal interactions is the use of scripts and script fading procedures. However, the effect of scripts and script fading procedures on the response variability of verbal behavior remains unknown. Thus, the present study attempted to answer several research questions. First, we examined the effects on extinction on response variability of mand frames used by young children with autism that exhibit limited manding repertoires. Second, we examined the effects of script training on the variability of mand frames, and finally, the effects of extinction after teaching a variety of mand frames with children with autism. Results demonstrated that (a) extinction prior to any teaching was not successful in increasing response variability, (b) teaching multiple mand frames in a successive pattern did not increase response variability of mand frames for any of the participants, (c) extinction after teaching additional mand frames increased response variability for two of the three participants, and (d) a multiple script presentation intervention increased response variability of mand frames for one participant.