Educational equality -- Composition studies -- Lack of feminist articles in professional journals of composition/writing.

This thesis examines how composition studies have been, and continue to be, shaped by the cultural values of exclusion; this field is "continually magnif[ied] and reproduc[ed] in the complex social conditions connected with those values in fundamental ways much like educational systems in general."

This thesis attempted to uncover whether leadership career intentions and masculine sex-role orientation were mediated by internal locus of control. The intangible "glass ceiling" has continued to be a barrier for women in business. Research has repeatedly attempted to uncover the justification for sexual discrimination in the workforce, striving to find where the "weaknesses" of women in management ranks resided.

En los últimos años, han aparecido muchas películas para adolescentes en la industria cinematográfica. De igual manera, algunas de estos largometrajes han sido criticados por el hecho de los distintos tipos de contenidos sexistas que pueden aparecer dentro de estas. Un ejemplo concreto es “ El Stand de los Besos”. Cuando esta película se estrenó en el 2018 por Netflix, muchos youtubers cinéfilos demostraron su disgusto y desagrado a través de sus video críticas. Asimismo, algunos de ellos señalaron que el sexismo puede observarse con mayor detalle en los personajes, líneas argumentales y diálogos del filme. Por este motivo, se decidió investigar de qué manera se representa el sexismo en la película de “El Stand de los besos” según lo analizado por los youtubers. De esta manera, se optó por realizar un grupo focal con un grupo de 6 estudiantes de secundaria pertenecientes a dos colegios distintos de Lima Metropolitana que cuentan con actividades extra académicas vinculadas a las críticas de cine. También tienen un rango de edad que encaja con el público objetivo de la película y del canal de algunos de los youtubers. De esta manera, se podrá averiguar mediante lo discutido en la actividad cómo se ve representado el sexismo, los estereotipos en los personajes y las críticas controversiales de los youtubers acerca de la película. / From the past five years, teen movies have increased cinematography. Many of these have been criticized for their sexist content present in most films. A clear example is “The Kissing Booth” which was released in 2018 by Netflix. When this movie came out, many youtubers moviegoers made reviews for the film. They commented about their main problems about it, but the most common was the sexism in the whole film, main characters and the story script. For this reason, the investigation consists of investigating how sexism is represented in the movie “The Kissing Booth” as analyzed by the youtubers. In this way, it was decided to carry out a focus group with 6 high school students from two different schools in Lima Metropolitana, which have extra-academic activities related to film criticism. On the other hand, these guys belong to the target and age range from most of the youtubes channels. This is how it will be possible to find out through discussion in the focus group’s activity how sexism stereotypes in the main characthers and the controversial criticism of youtubers about the film are represented. / Trabajo de investigación

Introducción: El presente trabajo analiza los tres mensajes presentes en la campaña de verano “Ladrillos Lark” según el modelo de análisis del semiólogo francés Roland Barthes: mensaje lingüístico, mensaje icónico codificado y mensaje icónico no codificado. Así mismo, su importancia en la construcción de estereotipos en la sociedad. El motivo de este trabajo surge con el fin de mostrar la forma en la que fue utilizada la imagen de la mujer para concientizar sobre la presencia del sexismo en la publicidad. Metodología: Para ello, se pondrá a prueba la técnica de análisis de contenido que será desarrollado a partir de 4 fotografías publicitarias utilizadas en la campaña de verano de Ladrillos Lark. Resultado: Se encontró que al nivel de mensaje lingüístico, se trata de la unión de un concepto y una imagen acústica. Al nivel de mensaje icónico codificado, se trata de comunicar una idea por medio de imágenes. Y al nivel del mensaje icónico no codificado, se trata de los elementos que constituyen la narrativa del mensaje. Conclusiones: La campaña de verano está compuesta por un sistema de connotación que provienen de un código cultural en cuál, sus significados van a variar de acuerdo al individuo pudiendo tener diversos significados dependiendo del contexto en el que se encuentra. / Introduction: The present work analyzes the three messages present in the summer campaign “Ladrillos Lark”according to the analysis model of the French semiologist Roland Barthes: linguistic message, coded iconic message and un-coded iconic message. Likewise, its importance in the construction of stereotypes in society. The reason for this work arises in order to show the way in which the image of women was used to raise awareness about the presence of sexism in advertising. Methodology: For this, the content analysis technique will be tested, which will be developed from 4 advertising photographs used in the Ladrillos Lark summer campaign. Result: It was found that at the level of linguistic message, it is about the union of a concept and an acoustic image. At the level of a coded iconic message, it is about communicating an idea through images. And at the level of the iconic unencoded message, these are the elements that make up the narrative of the message. Conclusions: The summer campaign is made up of a connotation system that comes from a cultural code in which its meanings will vary according to the individual and may have different meanings depending on the context in which it is found. / Trabajo de investigación

El sexismo en la publicidad se encuentra perenne en nuestra sociedad al mostrar a la mujer con estereotipos de comportamiento y como un objeto sexual. Con intención de visibilizar la competencia mediática de las mujeres limeñas, de una brecha generacional, desde sus dimensiones del lenguaje e ideología y valores, se realizó el presente trabajo en donde se podrá observar si existe una mayor competencia mediática por parte de las mujeres jóvenes (Grupo 1) o si existe una competencia mediática desarrollada parcialmente en ambas muestras (Grupo 1 y Grupo 2). Para indagar las percepciones de las consumidoras, se realizaron catorce entrevistas a profundidad en donde se mostraron cuatro publicidades y se realizaron preguntas dirigidas para dar respuesta a la pregunta de investigación planteada. / Sexism in advertising is perennial in our society by portraying women with stereotypical behaviors and as a sexual object. With the intention of making visible the media competence of Lima women, of a generation gap, from its dimensions of language and ideology and values, the present article was carried out where it can be observed if there is greater media competition on the part of young women (Group 1) or if there is a partially developed media competence in both samples (Group 1 and Group 2). To investigate consumer perceptions, fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted in which four advertisements were shown and directed questions were asked to answer the research question posed. / Tesis

El 01 de marzo, Camila de cuatro años, junto a su hermana de dos y su prima de nueve fueron a buscar a su madre que se encontraba en una fiesta patronal, a unas cuantas cuadras de su casa. En el camino, un sujeto de 15 años intervino a las niñas y secuestró a Camila, para luego violarla y asesinarla. Esto ocurrió en el distrito de Independencia. Tras el asesinato de la niña Camila los programas: Al Estilo Juliana, ATV Matinal y Día D, pertenecientes al Grupo ATV cubrieron la noticia involucrando en el crimen a la madre de la víctima, Mirella Huamán Santiago, de 22 años. Este trabajo identifica la imagen que este medio televisivo quiso construir de la madre, en base a los comentarios realizados por los conductores de cada programa, los testimonios, relatos y titulares de los informes. Los cuales culpabilizaron a la madre por lo sucedido, dando a entender que ella orilló a que su hija fuera raptada y posteriormente, asesinada. De la misma manera, se juzgó la acciones que tomó previo al crimen de Camila y también el comportamiento que tuvo al enterarse que su hija se encontraba desaparecida. Asimismo, se sostuvo comentarios agresivos y denigrantes hacia Mirella Huamán, desacreditando su rol de madre, aparte de exponer parte de su vida privada. De esta manera, su imagen fue vulnerada publicamente, lo que causó que muchas personas la criticaran deliberadamente en las redes sociales. Un caso constroversial, donde estos programas dirigieron parte de su enfoque en Huamán Santiago, cuando el verdadero asesino fue un joven de 15 años. / On March 1, Camila, four years old, along with her two-year-old sister and her nine-year-old cousin, went to look for her mother who was at a patronal party, a few blocks from her house. Along the way, a 15-year-old man intervened with the girls and kidnapped Camila, then raped and murdered her. This happened in the district of Independencia. After the murder of the girl Camila, the programs: Al Estilo Juliana, ATV Matinal and Día D, belonging to the ATV group, covered the news involving the mother of the victim, Mirella Huamán Santiago, 22 years old. This work identifies the image that this television medium wanted to build of the mother, based on the comments made by the hosts of each program, the testimonies, stories and headlines of the reports. Who blamed the mother for what happened, implying that she led her daughter to be kidnapped and later killed. In the same way, the actions she took prior to Camila's crime and also the behavior she had when she found out that her daughter was missing was judged. Likewise, aggressive and degrading comments were made towards Mirella Huamán, discrediting her role as a mother, apart from exposing part of her private life. In this way, her image was publicly violated, which caused many people to deliberately criticize her on social networks. A constroversial case, where these programs directed part of their focus on Huamán Santiago, when the real murderer was a 15-year-old boy. / Trabajo de investigación

Previous research has studied toxicity in World of Tanks game with a focus on precursors of toxicity, player performance in the game from the perspective of gender-performance gap or observing the players' major behaviors instigated by various situations within the game. This research focuses on player's behavior in the game chat with an emphasis on toxic behavior by using participant observation ethnography, thematic analysis, content analysis and autoethnography. Contrary to the predicted belief that game mechanics could instigate toxic behavior in the game, results showed that the major forms of toxicity were regarded as gamesplaining, ableism, sarcasm, male preserve concept and fragile masculinity concept.

As with women journalists in other male-dominated fields, female music writers have long endured gendered harassment. In the newsroom, this sexist treatment is foisted upon female music journalists by their male editors and colleagues; in the outside world, it often occurs at the hands of male sources, readers, and online trolls. Unfortunately, the victims of such abuse are frequently left to cope with it alone, and many report that their mental health suffers in the process. Some may even ultimately decide to quit pursuing music journalism entirely. These women report wanting to feel more supported within their work environment, as well as through informal means, such as via a network of fellow female writers. Feminist media theory, utilitarianism, and ethics of care will serve as the study's theoretical bases. This research, based on in-depth interviews with women music journalists, suggests that the vast majority of participants had faced sexism and/or gendered harassment during their time as a female music journalist, experiences that left many of them feeling frustrated and devalued. Based on the research, I offer recommendations on how to make the industry more inclusive for women writers.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten experience threats and hate and if these things vary depending on if the affected journalist is a woman or a man. This study also aims to examine how these threats and the hate affect the opinion-forming journalists in both an emotional and a professional way. To strengthen the analysis this study is based on four theoretical frameworks. Strömbäcks theories support analyzes about self-censorship and the opinion-forming journalists' importance for democracy. Butler's theories about hate-speech describe how hate-speech can be expressed and affect the receiver. Lazarus and Folkman contribute with a psychological perspective with coping strategies, how they cope with the threats and hate. The theories from Hanitzsch presents various perspectives about the journalistic cultures and supports analysis connected to the journalistic role. The method used to gather the material was qualitative interviews with six opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten. For the analysis meaning condensation was used. The result presents a total of ten themes, sorted in three chapters based on the issues. The result and analysis indicates that threats and hate is common for opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten to be exposed by. At the same time, a majority of the participating opinion-forming journalists state that they feel spared. Furthermore, it is very common for the opinion-forming journalist who receives threats or hate to be affected emotionally, mainly with negative emotions such as fear, sadness and discomfort. The biggest professional effect that threats and hate can lead to is self-censorship. Finally, this study can show that there are differences in threats and hate between female and male opinion-forming journalists in Västerbotten. The biggest difference is that women receive more threats and hatred based on sexism and containing sexual allusions.