The central question of this diploma thesis is, whether sexisms is a commonplace phenomenon of our society, how does this phenomenon appears in our public discourse of present-day society and how can we identify it. The diploma thesis searches the answers for this question mainly in theories of radical feminism, which are part of the second feministic wave, in present theories concerning sexism and patriarchy, in present theories about mens` lifestyle magazines and in an empirical research. Radical feminism` theories specify the manifestations of sexism. The current theories unfold the strategies through which is sexism ventilated. The empirical research then includes an analysis of Czech lifestyle magazine for men Maxim, specifically the analysis of 23 articles selected from one complete volume of this magazine, specifically 2012. The method of coding according to Strauss and Corbin was chosen as the key method. Based on the scope of this method (the selective coding part) the central category was identified and named as Women as an opponent. Its characterization and dimensional scales (in form of variable strategies) were defined as well. Key words Sexism, gender, gender order, discourse, patriarchy, mens` lifestyle magazines, Maxim, irony, axial and selective coding.

Thesis (M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Background: Gender bias in the Physical Sciences education favours male learners to the disadvantages of female learners, bringing along sex discrimination. Physical Sciences Curriculum reinforces masculinity, resulting in few females enrolling for science-related subjects. Male learners outperform female learners in Physical Sciences. Also, sex discrimination due to gender bias is visible in the workforce in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was aimed at exploring gender biased texts in the Physical Sciences CAPS document and also its impact on Grade 12 female learners. Method: A qualitative exploratory phenomenological study design was conducted. In my study, participants were Physical Sciences Grade 12 female learners and their teachers. The total number of participants was 12 (8 female learners and 4 teachers) and the sample depended on data saturation. Also, data were collected using document review (Physical Sciences Curriculum and AssessmentPolicy Statements document and prescribed textbook), classroom observation and interviews with learners and teachers. One-on-one interviews were conducted with participants using interview guides for both teachers and learners. Data collected from interviews were analysed using thematic 8 steps of Tesch’s inductive and descriptive open coding technique. Results: The results from the document review showed the existence of gender bias in the Physical Sciences textbooks and Curriculum and AssessmentPolicy Statement document. Classroom observation showed that male learners were more interested and participated actively in the Physical Sciences lesson as compared to female learners. Both teachers and learners are aware of the existence of gender biased texts in Physical Sciences education. Further, this impacts negatively towards female learners leading to a bad attitude towards sciences and subsequently, to poor performance as compared to male learners. Female learners believe that they were to perform better in Physical Sciences if they were of the male gender. Conclusion: The existence of gender biased texts in the Physical Sciences Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements document and prescribed textbooks reinforce masculinity in the field. There is a need to review the Physical Sciences Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement document and prescribed textbooks to ensure inclusivity, eliminate sex discrimination and also to achieve balance in the workforce in the science field. Key concepts Physical Sciences; Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statements; Female learner; Gender Biased texts; Performance; Inclusive education

Thesis (Ph. D. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / The present study investigated the gender moderated relationship between the dark tetrad personality types and sexual behaviours among African university students. Two studies were conducted using conveniently selected samples from two universities in Limpopo, South Africa. Both studies were quantitative in nature using a cross-sectional research design. An integrative theoretical approach was utilized in the conceptualization of the studies, and data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The first study (N = 261) determined the relationship between the dark tetrad personality types and sexual behaviours conceptualized as infidelity, sexual aggression, and sociosexuality. It was only sadism that had the capacity to predict infidelity and SOI-R desire. Regarding moderation, the results showed that gender only moderates the associations between Machiavellianism and SOI-R behaviour, psychopathy and SOI-R attitude, and sadism and infidelity. The second study (N = 275) examined if the relationship between the Dark Tetrad personality types and socio-sexuality would be mediated by adversarial sexual beliefs (ASB) and ambivalent sexism (benevolent [BS] and hostile sexism [HS]). Results showed that the relationship between sadism and SOI-R behaviour and desire, Machiavellianism and SOI-R behaviour and desire were fully mediated by BS, and the association between sadism and all the SOI-R components, Machiavellianism and all the SOI-R components, and psychopathy and all the SOI-R components were fully mediated ASB. Additionally, gender only moderated the ASB mediated associations between sadism and SOI-R behaviour, and sadism and SOI-R attitude. Ultimately, the study advances recommendations for future studies. / NRF ( National Research Foundation)

Research has shown that individuals' willingness to believe a disclosure of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is related to just-world beliefs, ambivalent sexism, and defensive attribution. However, researchers do not know whether these variables relate to posts made in response to online articles describing CSA. Negative or disbelieving posts may impact not only the author, but also readers who view these comments via hindrance of disclosures, increased self-blame, and avoidance of help seeking. In this quantitative study, just-world, ambivalent sexism, and defensive attribution theories provided the theoretical basis used to determine whether just-world beliefs, ambivalent sexism, and defensive attribution influenced comments made in response to an online article about CSA disclosure. Eight-hundred twenty participants read the article where the author discloses she was sexually abused as a child. Response comments were coded negative, neutral, or positive. Participants also completed demographic questions, the Global Belief in a Just World Scale, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, and questions regarding their similarity to the offender and victim. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed relationships between negative posts and hostile sexism, perceived similarity to the perpetrator, frequent involvement in online discourse, and, to a lesser extent, belief in a just world. Parenthood and perceived similarity to the author increased one's odds of posting positively. Responses of CSA survivors resulted in unexpected findings. Study findings may be used to challenge stereotypes and vitriol often used to silence survivors in public discourse, for thought challenging in psychotherapeutic settings, and for future public education and research to increase support for CSA survivors.

In der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit untersuche ich Ent_Erwähnung als diskriminierende Sprachhandlung in den zwei Diskursfeldern Berufsbezeichnungen für Frauen* in der polnischen Sprache, wie auch Migratisierungsbezeichnungen für Frauen* in der deutschen Sprache aus positionierter Forscher_innenperspektive (vgl. Harding 1995). Ziel ist das Aufzeigen der Interdependenz unterschiedlicher Diskriminierungsebenen von Genderismus, Rassismus und Klassismus, die durch Ent_Erwähnung (Lockward 2010) realisiert wird. Anhand eines selbst erstellten Zeitungskorpus erfasse ich den sprachlichen Status Quo von Bezeichnungen für Frauen* in unterschiedlichen Zeiträumen (2013-2017) und werte ihn anschließend mittels einer qualitativen und quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse aus. Meinen Erkenntnisse aus psycholinguistischen Studien und weiteren Theorien und Erkenntnissen aus der Sekundärliteratur ergänze ich mit Expert_inneninterviews. Berufsbezeichnungen in der polnischen Sprache konzeptualisieren genderistische Stereotype, die über Klassismus strukturiert sind. Rund vierzig Prozent der registrierten Berufsbezeichnungen kommen einmal in maskuliner und femininer Form vor. Die untersuchten Migratisierungsbezeichnungen werden überwiegend in androgendernden maskulinen Pluralformen realisiert, und bilden somit eine Grundlage für eine Entindividualisierung und Pauschalisierung, wodurch diskriminierende Metaphern (Flucht als Naturkatastrophe) produktiver gebildet werden können. Frauen* und queere Lebensrealitäten werden überwiegend in Migratisierungsbezeichnungen ent_erwähnt. Über das asymmetrische Verwenden von Personenbezeichnungen in Polizeiberichten werden rassistische Tatmotivationen durch Migratisierungsbezeichnungen markiert. Als ausschlaggebendes gemeinsames Element meiner Untersuchungen werte ich die Retraditionalisierung und Nationalisierung, auf der sich die Interdependenz der Ent_Erwähnung von Frauen* unabhängig der untersuchten Diskurse und Sprachen abspielt. / In the current research work I consider Ent_Erwähnung („de_mentioned“, „unmentioning“) as discriminatory language use in the two separate fields of discourse; professional titles for women* in the polish language, and migrational descriptions (migratized appellations) for women* in the german language from a positioned research perspective (Harding 1995). The purpose is to demonstrate the interdepence between multiple levels of discrimination; genderism, racism and classism, and how these are implemented through Ent_Erwähnung (Lockward 2010). Using a self- performed newspaper survey I gathered a linguistic status quo of descriptions for women* during different time periods (2013-2017), I then interpreted the data and performed a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the contents. My knowledge of psycholinguistic studies and other theories, together with findings from secondary literature will be complemented by interviews with experts. Professional titles in the polish language conceptualize genderist stereotypes, which are structured by classism. About fourty percent of the registered professional titles occur once in feminine and masculine form. The studied migrational descriptions (migratized appellations) are predominantly applied in androgynous masculine plural form, and therefore provide a basis for de-individualization and generalization; and in this way can be more effectively framed together with discriminative metaphors (flight as a natural disaster). Women* and people in queer life situations are ent_erwähnt predominantly in migrational descriptions. Through asymmetrical use of personal descriptions in police reports, racist motivation for crime is highlighted via migrational descriptions (migratized appellations). As a crucial common element of my research I consider retraditionalization and nationalization; upon which the interdependency of Ent_Erwähnung (de_mentioning) of women* occurs independently from the discourses and languages.

El presente trabajo tuvo como finalidad relacionar el sexismo ambivalente y la violencia de género en parejas de jóvenes universitarios. La metodología fue cuantitativa, siendo una investigación transversal de tipo correlacional, utilizando como muestra 262 estudiantes. Se aplicó el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente adaptado por Espósito, Muya y Glick (1998) para medir el nivel de sexismo, y la encuesta para la detección de violencia en el noviazgo en jóvenes (EMVN) propuesta por García-Carpintero, Rodríguez-Santero y Porcel-Gálvez (2018) para determinar la violencia ejercida y padecida en las relaciones de parejas jóvenes. Los datos se analizaron mediante tablas de contingencias y una prueba de Chi cuadrado. Como resultados se obtuvo que no existe correlación entre las variables objeto de estudio y que el rango promedio mayor en cuanto a sexismo y violencia de género corresponde a los hombres. / The aim of this paper was to relate ambivalent sexism and gender violence in couples of young university students. The methodology was quantitative, being a cross-sectional research of correlational type, using as sample 162 students. We applied the Inventory of Ambivalent Sexism adapted by Espósito, Muya and Glick (1998) to measure the level of sexism, and the survey for the detection of violence in dating in young people (EMVN) proposed by García-Carpintero, Rodríguez-Santero and Porcel-Gálvez (2018) to determine the violence inflicted and suffered in the relationships of young couples. The data were analyzed using contingency tables and a chi-square test. The results showed that there is no correlation between the variables studied and that the highest average range in terms of sexism and gender violence is found among men. / Tesis

Thesis (M.A. (Political Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / During the apartheid era in South Africa, Black women were mostly oppressed members of the population. They faced the triple whammy oppression of race, sex and class which prevented them from living their lives freely. These categories of oppressions overlapped into the democratic dispensation. Although South Africa has become a democratic Republic, Black women continue to experience the triple whammy oppression of racism, sexism and classism. These oppressions are prevalent among Black women in the Mankweng community of Limpopo Province, resulting in different types of social issues. This development has motivated Black communities to employ Womanist theory or Womanism to eradicate the triple whammy oppressions and social issues that have morphed into challenges in the communities. This theory considers the element of equality from different aspects of life in the society. The aim of this study was to explore the triple whammy oppression and its role in making Mankweng Community in Limpopo Province of post-apartheid South Africa an unsafe environment. The study utilised semi-structured interviews to collect and collate data. Collected data established that Black women and men have different and similar views on the triple whammy oppression and social issues that contribute to unsafe environments for Black women in Mankweng Community of Limpopo Province. The study further established that Black women are mostly the victims of oppressions and social issues. The study further recommends that black men must be educated about the importance of women and that the philosophy of Ubuntu must be practiced in the communities of Black people in order to have safe environments for everyone.

No description available.

Women are currently underrepresented in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how this underrepresentation translates to a gender gap in the field of technical communication and how this gap causes women to challenge the predominant objectivist paradigm in the field. Through an investigation of peer-reviewed journal articles, periodicals, critical theory, and articles published in online magazines such as Slate, I identify the gendered nature of modern technology and discuss to what extent a shift in the predominant paradigm has occurred in the professional arena. In looking at several theoretical approaches and contemporary examples, I conclude that a significant paradigm shift has not in fact occurred due to an underlying, culturally promoted sexism. Additionally, I conclude that neither new approaches in the technical communication classroom, nor attempts to increasingly include women in the technological fields will result in a significant paradigm change by themselves. I also point to a need for further meaningful research in how sexism influences the professional world as well as a more thorough conversation regarding a fundamental shift in workplace relations between the genders.

A wise Martin Luther King Jr. once said, "Freedom is never given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed (King 1)." For as long as men and women have shared the planet, sexism has been a universal issue in civilization. In a social justice context, American society has found ways to oppress people for centuries. The Oxford Dictionary defines sexism as a "prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex ("sexism")." Voting rights in America were established in 1790, but it took years of petitioning at various women's rights conventions before the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution stating "the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex" was passed in 1920 ("Nineteenth Amendment"). Traditionally, men were supposed to be the strong, decisive, driven, courageous, money-making breed, while women were expected to be the nurturing, affectionate, weak subordinates. Today, we find men and women working in careers previously linked with sexism; men as nurses and teachers, women as CEOs and factory workers. Statistics show that today there are an increasing number of women providing the financial support in their families. As with sexism, people also have been oppressed by racism for centuries. According to The Oxford Dictionary, racism is defined as a "prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior ("racism")." It has been argued that African Americans have been one of the most oppressed groups in America. Even after they were emancipated in 1865, it was nearly one hundred years later that their rights were protected with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Before the act's passing, African Americans were denied equal education, employment, housing property, and a political voice. My interest in this topic was peaked right around the same time I became interested in performing on the musical theatre stage. I got my start in local community theatres, and up until college, was the only African American cast in the productions. I started playing multiple ensemble roles per show, and throughout the years advanced myself to "supporting character" but never the lead. Admittedly, there were times when I wasn't as talented as the women who snagged the leading roles, but many a time when I was just as talented or more qualified for the role, it went to another woman - most times of Caucasian descent. What did they have that I didn’t have? When I got accepted into The University of Central Florida as a BFA Musical Theatre student, I auditioned for the plays and musicals every semester, and each season I began to see the same patterns of who was cast for each show. Roles I thought I would get often went to White actors. I felt victimized in this modern-day example of racism. But racism goes beyond black and White. Internal racism between the light-skinned and dark-skinned African American women I was competing with became a factor as well. There were many times when an audition notice called for an African American woman; however, an unsettling trend became very apparent to me; if the casting description was for a maid, or something of that nature, larger, dark-skinned women would get the majority of the callbacks, which would lead to them getting cast. On the flip side, if an audition notice called for an African American ingénue type, more of the slimmer, lighter-skinned women were called back and later cast. Has American society cast a racial stigma for African American beauty?